Citation:

PANGAEA.933730

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook TwitterShow Map Google Earth

Abstract:

The Azores archipelago is a group of nine oceanic volcanic islands located in the mid-North Atlantic, roughly 1500 km from Europe and 1900 km from America. Lake Caldeirão is situated in the central caldeira of Corvo Island at 399 m altitude. A coring campaign was conducted in June 2017 using a 60mm diameter UWITEC gravity corer from UWITEC floating platform retrieving a core (4.60 m long) located in the deepest part of the lake. The core was dated using ¹⁴C and produced a multi-proxy dataset of geochemical and biological analyses that we used to uncover paleoenvironmental changes on Lake Caldeirão in the last 1500 years

Related to:

Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel; Hernández, Armand; Pla-Rabes, Sergi; Gonçalves, Vítor; Bao, Roberto; Sáez, Alberto; Shanahan, Timothy M; Benavente, Mario; de Boer, Erik J; Richter, Nora; Gordon, Verónica; Marques, Helena; Sousa, Pedro M; Souto, Martin; Matias, Miguel G; Aguiar, Nicole; Pereira, Cátia; Ritter, Catarina; Rúbio, Maria Jesus; Salcedo, Marina; Vázquez-Loureiro, David; Margalef, Olga; Amaral-Zettler, Linda A; Costa, Ana Cristina; Huang, Yongsong; van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F N; Masqué, Pere; Prego, Ricardo; Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Trigo, Ricardo M; Giralt, Santiago (2021): Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(41), e2108236118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118

Coverage:

Latitude: 39.711433 * Longitude: -31.111617

Date/Time Start: 2017-06-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2017-06-24T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: 399.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 399.0 m

Event(s):

Caldeirao_2017 * Latitude: 39.711433 * Longitude: -31.111617 * Date/Time: 2017-06-24T00:00:00 * Elevation: 399.0 m * Recovery: 4.6 m * Location: Lake Caldeirão, Azores * Method/Device: Gravity corer, UWITEC (GCUWI)

Comment:

2022-01-31: Column 16, the parameter name Picea was corrected to Juniperus.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	AGE	Age	ka BP			Geocode
2	Age	Age	a AD/CE	Giralt, Santiago	AMS 14C dating on pollen concentrates; Clam routine on R
3	Aerophilous diatoms	Aeroph diatom	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
4	Diatoms, benthic	Diatom benthic	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
5	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, blood, standard error	pCO2 blood std e	±	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
6	Diatoms, planktic	Diatom plank	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
7	Chironomini	Chironomini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Chironomini
8	Orthocladiinae	Orthocladiinae	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Orthocladiinae
9	Tanytarsini	Tanytarsini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Tanytarsini
10	Tanypodinae	Tanypodinae	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Tanypodinae
11	Charcoal, flux	Charcoal flux	#/cm²/a	Souto, Martin	Charcoal as a Fire Proxy (Whitlock, 2005, in Smol et al, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators)
12	Accumulation rate, coprophilous fungi spores	Acc rate coproph fung sp flux	#/cm²/a	Souto, Martin	Plant Macrofossils (Birks, 2005, in Smol et al, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators)
13	Arboreal pollen	AP	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
14	Pollen, shrubs	Pollen shrubs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
15	Pollen, herbs	Pollen herbs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
16	Juniperus	Juniperus	#/g	Souto, Martin	Plant Macrofossils (Birks, 2005, in Smol et al, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators)
17	Accumulation rate, macrophytes seeds	Acc rate macrophy seeds	#/cm²/a	Souto, Martin	Plant Macrofossils (Birks, 2005, in Smol et al, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators)
18	Carbon, organic, total/Nitrogen, total ratio	TOC/TN
19	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
20	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
21	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
22	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
23	Monostichoplana filum	M. filum	#	Yongsong, Huang	Chromatography	5 beta Stigmastanol influx
24	Accumulation rate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	Acc rate PAH	ng/cm²/a	Yongsong, Huang	Chromatography

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1104 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Age [ka BP]	2 Age [a AD/CE]	3 Aeroph diatom [%]	4 Diatom benthic [%]	5 pCO2 blood std e [±]	6 Diatom plank [%]	7 Chironomini [%]	8 Orthocladiinae [%]	9 Tanytarsini [%]	10 Tanypodinae [%]	11 Charcoal flux [#/cm²/a]	12 Acc rate coproph fung sp flux [#/cm²/a]	13 AP [%]	14 Pollen shrubs [%]	15 Pollen herbs [%]	16 Juniperus [#/g]	17 Acc rate macrophy seeds [#/cm²/a]	18 TOC/TN	19 TOC [%]	20 δ13C [‰ PDB]	21 TN [%]	22 δ15N [‰ air]	23 M. filum [#]	24 Acc rate PAH [ng/cm²/a]
0.083	1867	10.0	100.0	0.0	0.0	4.7	30.2	65.1	0.0			7.3	52.8	39.9		311931.4	10.2	22.1	-21.7	2.2	4.5	12.8
0.123	1827									0.1	0.0				0.0
0.158	1792	8.3	99.5	0.5	0.0	6.4	76.6	17.0	0.0	1.3	0.2				0.0		11.5	17.8	-23.9	1.6	6.6	0.0	14857.4
0.167	1783	3.9	100.0	0.0	0.0	1.0	87.7	11.3	0.0	0.4	0.1	4.4	57.9	37.7	0.0	223797.7	11.5	16.2	-23.7	1.4	7.0	0.0	7956348.3
0.195	1755									0.3	0.0				0.0							0.0	14036134.9
0.214	1736									0.3	0.0				0.0							0.0	14687897.8
0.234	1716	8.1	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79.8	20.2	0.0	0.3	0.0				0.0		11.2	13.4	-23.5	1.2	7.4	0.0	40945.8
0.264	1686					0.6	87.0	12.4	0.0	0.3	0.0	17.8	61.0	21.2	0.0	102758.1						0.0
0.275	1675	6.5	99.5	0.5	0.0																	0.0	4778464.5
0.290	1660									0.2	0.0				0.0
0.316	1634	6.5	99.7	0.3	0.0	1.1	93.7	5.2	0.0	0.5	0.0				0.0		11.1	14.3	-23.6	1.3	8.2	0.0
0.348	1602									0.1	0.0				0.0
0.358	1592	6.3	100.0	0.0	0.0	22.2	55.6	22.2	0.0								11.1	14.3	-23.7	1.3	8.3	0.0
0.369	1581									0.4	0.0	27.1	57.1	15.8	0.0	14694.4						0.0	22747388.3
0.402	1548	5.3	99.7	0.3	0.0	0.0	21.4	67.9	10.7	0.1	0.0				0.0							0.4	18635908.3
0.406	1544					5.4	7.1	66.1	21.4													0.0
0.423	1527																12.2	8.2	-24.9	0.7	8.4	0.5	136001.4
0.444	1506	4.6	99.7	0.3	0.0																	0.0	20439389.3
0.475	1475											23.6	56.6	19.9		19090.1	13.2	11.6	-25.4	0.9	8.3	0.0	12267938.7
0.484	1466									0.9	0.0				0.1
0.502	1448									1.3	0.1				2.9
0.511	1439					16.1	5.4	63.7	14.8	0.9	0.1				0.5							0.0
0.524	1426	4.1	99.5	0.5	0.0					1.0	0.0				0.2		13.7	17.9	-26.0	1.3	7.2	0.0
0.552	1398					14.2	6.2	64.2	15.4	1.6	0.0				0.5							0.5	8983644.7
0.567	1383									0.6	0.0	26.4	53.4	20.2	0.2	13459.9	14.4	20.4	-26.2	1.4	6.7	0.1
0.587	1363					15.7	4.6	56.6	23.1	2.4	0.1				0.7							0.0
0.593	1357									2.7	0.0				0.0
0.601	1349	6.2	99.5	0.5	0.0					1.5	0.0				0.1		15.3	24.0	-26.3	1.6	6.8	0.0	29865303.9
0.613	1337					6.8	2.3	70.5	20.4	1.3	0.0				0.1							0.0
0.624	1326									2.5	0.0	22.9	59.3	17.8	0.1	1021.1	15.1	22.8	-26.4	1.5	7.2	0.0	0.0
0.630	1320	10.1	99.5	0.5	0.0	17.4	9.3	55.0	18.3	2.6	0.0				0.4							0.0	26542862.4
0.632	1318									2.8	0.0				0.3
0.637	1313	8.2	98.9	0.8	0.3	39.4	10.7	43.2	6.7	0.7	0.0				0.4		15.3	21.9	-26.2	1.4	7.3	0.1	4817496.5
0.640	1310									15.3	0.0				9.7
0.643	1307									10.1	0.2				6.6
0.645	1305	19.2	95.4	2.7	1.8	22.8	7.2	61.7	8.3	14.3	0.0	33.3	45.3	21.4	11.5	3063.3	14.7	21.5	-26.2	1.5	7.2	0.0	12982018.0
0.648	1302									5.9	0.0				10.6
0.651	1299	16.2	75.5	6.3	18.2	24.8	12.7	51.8	10.7	17.8	0.0				8.7		14.7	19.7	-26.2	1.3	8.2	0.0	16542.6
0.654	1296	3.1	93.4	6.6	0.0	11.1	16.7	62.1	10.1	26.7	0.0				17.1							0.0	7916494.4
0.656	1294	0.5	89.1	10.9	0.0	8.9	18.7	54.5	17.9	28.0	0.0	30.0	53.8	16.3	20.5	3244.1	16.0	22.9	-26.4	1.4	9.1	0.0
0.658	1292									40.0	0.0				20.1
0.660	1290									9.4	0.0				4.1								10838055.0
0.666	1284	4.7	83.8	16.2	0.0	4.8	20.7	60.7	13.8	3.0	0.0				0.2		16.0	29.1	-27.1	1.8	7.8	0.0	10579899.5
0.673	1277									8.9	0.3				0.3								30002.1
0.676	1274									4.7	0.0				0.5
0.682	1268									2.2	0.0	35.7	47.5	16.8	0.1	4151.7	19.3	33.5	-26.9	1.7	7.0	0.0	13647.0
0.696	1254	3.3	79.9	20.1	0.0	14.2	19.7	54.1	12.0	6.7	0.0				3.0							0.0
0.702	1248									2.5	0.0				3.0
0.708	1242	4.7	91.5	8.5	0.0												21.3	31.9	-26.6	1.5	7.0	0.0	19402265.7
0.713	1237									4.5	0.0				2.3
0.726	1224									2.6	0.0				0.9								14844637.6
0.743	1207									1.8	0.0	31.0	51.6	17.4	0.6	2466.4	20.0	32.2	-26.8	1.6	7.0	1.6	8082973.9
0.753	1197									1.3	0.0				0.6
0.768	1182									1.3	0.0				1.0
0.784	1166					8.3	7.6	75.2	8.9	0.6	0.1				3.3		16.7	31.2	-27.1	1.9	7.3	0.6
0.800	1150									2.1	0.0				4.1
0.816	1134									1.2	0.0				0.8
0.833	1117									0.5	0.0				2.9
0.850	1100									0.7	0.0				2.7
0.866	1084									0.9	0.0				1.5
0.883	1067									2.0	0.0				3.0
0.899	1051									1.9	0.0				0.5
0.914	1036									1.8	0.0				0.2
0.922	1028	7.3	91.7	8.3	0.0	4.2	15.6	70.9	9.3	1.8	0.0				0.2							0.0
0.943	1007									2.2	0.0				0.8
0.957	993									0.0	0.0				0.2
0.962	988									0.0	0.0	31.0	51.6	17.4	0.2	5609.9	19.5	33.0	-26.9	1.7	7.2	0.3	10528544.7
0.981	969									0.0	0.0				0.4
0.992	958					10.1	18.2	59.6	12.1	1.1	0.0				0.5		17.0	30.2	-27.3	1.8	7.3	0.4
1.003	947									0.3	0.0				0.1
1.017	933											29.8	53.0	17.2		5039.7	17.7	29.7	-27.2	1.7	7.1	0.0	9928797.0
1.034	916									1.7	0.0				0.2
1.039	911					8.0	8.0	72.6	11.4	0.0	0.0				0.5		19.0	32.8	-27.0	1.7	6.8	0.0
1.049	901									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.057	893									0.0	0.0	27.5	49.5	23.1	0.1	2687.9	22.8	41.3	-27.6	1.8	7.0	0.0	144490.4
1.065	885									0.0	0.0				0.7
1.072	878					11.4	6.8	54.6	27.2	0.0	0.0				0.3		16.9	30.6	-27.0	1.8	7.0	0.0
1.076	874									0.0	0.0				0.0
1.081	869									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.085	865	7.7	88.7	11.3	0.0					0.0	0.0	25.9	57.8	16.4	0.1	3971.5	16.5	29.4	-26.9	1.8	7.0	0.0	371554.3
1.091	859									0.0	0.0				0.1
1.097	853					9.7	16.0	64.7	9.6	3.7	0.0				1.0		19.6	31.5	-26.6	1.6	7.1
1.099	851									2.5	0.0				2.9
1.103	847									0.0	0.0				0.5
1.107	843									0.0	0.0	28.8	55.7	15.5	0.8	4625.1	17.3	31.6	-27.1	1.8	7.1	0.0	4167754.1
1.111	839									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.117	833					7.4	6.2	67.9	18.5	0.0	0.0				3.3		17.0	31.8	-27.0	1.9	7.1
1.119	831									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.123	827									0.0	0.0				2.0
1.127	823									0.0	0.0	30.2	54.5	15.2	0.1	3511.3	16.1	30.3	-27.1	1.9	7.1	0.1	26621.6
1.131	819									0.0	0.0				0.7
1.138	812					9.8	9.8	63.9	16.5	0.0	0.0				5.7		17.1	32.1	-27.0	1.9	7.0
1.140	810									0.0	0.0				0.5
1.145	805									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.151	799	7.8	84.2	15.8	0.0					0.0	0.0	34.7	55.0	10.3	0.7	1964.1	16.6	31.7	-27.1	1.9	6.9	0.4	11428416.0
1.155	795									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.161	789									0.0	0.0				0.3
1.165	785					15.1	11.3	64.9	8.7	0.0	0.0				0.4		16.7	31.5	-27.2	1.9	7.2	0.0	11519376.0
1.173	777									0.0	0.0				0.2
1.181	769									0.0	0.0	28.7	59.9	11.4	1.0	856.3	17.9	32.9	-27.1	1.8	7.0	0.0	30374.2
1.186	764									0.0	0.0				2.4
1.193	757									0.0	0.0				0.3
1.199	751					12.6	7.1	67.7	12.6	0.0	0.0				0.1		17.7	32.3	-27.0	1.8	7.1
1.207	743									0.0	0.0				0.6
1.218	732									0.0	0.0	23.3	60.6	16.1	2.5	634.8	17.8	31.0	-27.0	1.7	7.3	0.0	15100540.4
1.223	727									0.0	0.0				0.0
1.240	710					15.7	12.0	64.0	8.3	0.0	0.0				0.3		17.6	30.8	-27.1	1.8	7.1
1.255	695									0.0	0.0				0.1
1.262	688									0.0	0.0	25.2	59.5	15.2	0.0	558.5	18.1	30.6	-27.2	1.7	7.1	0.0	8921595.8
1.286	664					12.7	12.7	65.1	9.5	0.0	0.0				0.1		20.7	34.6	-26.9	1.7	6.8
1.312	638									0.0	0.0	25.6	60.3	14.1	0.1	964.7	18.2	31.7	-27.2	1.7	6.8	0.0	16634922.0
1.338	612	4.3	93.9	6.1	0.0	14.6	14.7	61.4	9.3	0.0	0.0				0.0		19.4	30.4	-27.0	1.6	6.9
1.366	584									0.0	0.0	24.5	62.5	13.0	0.0	1827.8	17.4	32.2	-27.0	1.9	6.8	0.0	24892.0
1.396	554					12.1	12.6	70.2	5.1	0.0	0.0				0.0		17.1	31.4	-27.2	1.8	7.1
1.426	524	8.0	84.8	15.2	0.0					0.0	0.0				0.0		17.8	30.5	-27.0	1.7	7.1	0.0	12684775.2
1.458	492					11.6	8.9	76.8	2.7								19.0	31.4	-26.8	1.7	7.1
1.524	426	1.8	83.7	16.3	0.0