Citation:

PANGAEA.933712

Name: Multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores from Lake Funda (Azores archipelago, Portugal)
Published: 2021-07-15
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Azores Archipelago; deep lake; multiproxy; oceanic island

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS Citation BibTeX Citation Text Citation Facebook TwitterShow Map Google Earth

Abstract:

The Azores archipelago is a group of nine oceanic volcanic islands located in the mid-North Atlantic, roughly 1500 km from Europe and 1900 km from America. Lake Funda is situated in the southern sector of the central plateau of Flores Island at 351 m altitude and occupies the bottom of a small maar-explosion crater with 875 m in length and 625 m width, with a total area of 0.37 km2 where several water lines converge. A coring campaign was conducted in June 2017 using a 60mm diameter UWITEC gravity corer from UWITEC floating platform retrieving a core (9.97 m long) located in the deepest part of the lake. The core was dated using ¹⁴C and produced a multi-proxy dataset of geochemical and biological analyses that we used to uncover paleoenvironmental changes on Lake Azul in the last 1300 years.,

Keyword(s):

Azores Archipelago; deep lake; multiproxy; oceanic island

Related to:

Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel; Hernández, Armand; Pla-Rabes, Sergi; Gonçalves, Vítor; Bao, Roberto; Sáez, Alberto; Shanahan, Timothy M; Benavente, Mario; de Boer, Erik J; Richter, Nora; Gordon, Verónica; Marques, Helena; Sousa, Pedro M; Souto, Martin; Matias, Miguel G; Aguiar, Nicole; Pereira, Cátia; Ritter, Catarina; Rúbio, Maria Jesus; Salcedo, Marina; Vázquez-Loureiro, David; Margalef, Olga; Amaral-Zettler, Linda A; Costa, Ana Cristina; Huang, Yongsong; van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F N; Masqué, Pere; Prego, Ricardo; Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Trigo, Ricardo M; Giralt, Santiago (2021): Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(41), e2108236118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118

Funding:

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), grant/award no. PTDC/CTA-AMB/28511/2017: WHEN WERE THE AZORES ARCHIPELAGO REALLY COLONIZED? A HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL APPROACH

Coverage:

Latitude: 39.406417 * Longitude: -31.217556

Date/Time Start: 2017-06-14T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2017-06-14T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: 351.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 351.0 m

Event(s):

Funda_2017 * Latitude: 39.406417 * Longitude: -31.217556 * Date/Time: 2017-06-14T00:00:00 * Elevation: 351.0 m * Recovery: 9.94 m * Location: Lake Funda, Flores Island, Azores * Method/Device: Gravity corer, UWITEC (GCUWI)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	AGE	Age	ka BP			Geocode
2	Age	Age	a AD/CE	Giralt, Santiago	AMS 14C dating on pollen concentrates; Clam routine on R
3	Aerophilous diatoms	Aeroph diatom	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
4	Diatoms, benthic	Diatom benthic	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
5	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, blood, standard error	pCO2 blood std e	±	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
6	Diatoms, planktic	Diatom plank	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
7	Chironomini	Chironomini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae Chironomini
8	Orthocladiinae	Orthocladiinae	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae Orthocladiinae
9	Tanytarsini	Tanytarsini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae Tanytarsini
10	Tanypodinae	Tanypodinae	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae Tanypodinae [%]
11	Coccoliths, standard deviation	Cocco std dev	±	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Charcoal analysis (Whitlock & Larsen, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
12	Charcoal, flux	Charcoal flux	#/cm²/a	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
13	Accumulation rate, coprophilous fungi spores	Acc rate coproph fung sp flux	#/cm²/a	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
14	Arboreal pollen	AP	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
15	Pollen, shrubs	Pollen shrubs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
16	Pollen, herbs	Pollen herbs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
17	Accumulation rate, macrophytes seeds	Acc rate macrophy seeds	#/cm²/a	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
18	Carbon, organic, total/Nitrogen, total ratio	TOC/TN		Bao, Roberto
19	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
20	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
21	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
22	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
23	Accumulation rate, 5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol	Acc rate coprostanol	ng/cm²/a	Richter, Nora	Chromatography	Coprostanol influx
24	Accumulation rate, 5alpha-stigmastan-3beta-ol	Acc rate stigmastanol	ng/cm²/a	Richter, Nora	Chromatography	5B-Stigmastanol influx

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1202 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Age [ka BP]	2 Age [a AD/CE]	3 Aeroph diatom [%]	4 Diatom benthic [%]	5 pCO2 blood std e [±]	6 Diatom plank [%]	7 Chironomini [%]	8 Orthocladiinae [%]	9 Tanytarsini [%]	10 Tanypodinae [%]	11 Cocco std dev [±]	12 Charcoal flux [#/cm²/a]	13 Acc rate coproph fung sp flux [#/cm²/a]	14 AP [%]	15 Pollen shrubs [%]	16 Pollen herbs [%]	17 Acc rate macrophy seeds [#/cm²/a]	18 TOC/TN	19 TOC [%]	20 δ13C [‰ PDB]	21 TN [%]	22 δ15N [‰ air]	23 Acc rate coprostanol [ng/cm²/a]	24 Acc rate stigmastanol [ng/cm²/a]
0.156	1794	0.225479	1.9	0.7	97.4	0.0	50.0	50.0	0.0	1.2							9.8	7.5	-27.6	0.8	1.9
0.167	1783																					0.0	0.0
0.172	1778																10.0	7.5	-27.5	0.7	1.6
0.187	1763																					0.0	0.0
0.189	1761	0.134953	3.6	1.3	95.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0							10.0	6.6	-26.6	0.7	1.6
0.205	1745																10.2	6.1	-27.4	0.6	2.1
0.207	1743																					0.0	85.8
0.222	1728	0.139276	4.5	1.4	94.2	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	1.4	0.519482475	0.570918452	14.98	51.31	33.71	452.3	10.3	7.1	-26.1	0.7	1.7
0.238	1712																9.6	5.7	-26.5	0.6	1.5
0.246	1704																					0.0	0.0
0.255	1695	0.000000	3.1	0.5	96.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.505105585	0.550033047	11.99	43.44	44.57	616.9	10.4	6.3	-26.4	0.6	1.1
0.266	1684																					0.0	0.0
0.271	1679																9.9	5.8	-26.4	0.6	1.6
0.286	1664																					0.0	29.8
0.288	1662	0.110254	4.4	1.7	93.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0							9.6	5.6	-26.8	0.6	1.3
0.305	1645	0.572246	9.9	4.3	85.8												10.4	5.5	-25.8	0.5	1.9
0.321	1629	0.000000	2.6	1.8	95.7	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	1.4							9.7	4.3	-26.4	0.4	2.3
0.325	1625										0.546401492	0.546829506	29.63	30.04	40.33	774.5						40.9	58.7
0.338	1612	0.000000	5.9	1.8	92.2												9.1	3.9	-25.9	0.4	2.3
0.354	1596	0.400534	8.9	14.8	76.2	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	1.4							9.3	3.8	-25.7	0.4	2.6
0.365	1585										0.522416088	0.560295780	29.83	31.93	38.24	1524.6						0.0	0.0
0.417	1533	0.000000	9.4	9.6	81.0	28.6	4.8	61.9	4.8	12.4							14.0	10.2	-26.3	0.7	3.4
0.436	1514	0.000000	12.3	14.2	73.5						0.539367595	0.581127348	32.54	26.19	41.27	1456.4	11.0	4.6	-25.8	0.4	3.8
0.448	1502																					0.0	70.7
0.455	1495	0.338983	13.6	6.6	79.8	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	1.5							9.7	4.9	-26.1	0.5	3.2
0.474	1476	0.155280	7.5	3.6	89.0						0.445186637	0.557346745	37.45	40.33	22.22	472.7	8.9	3.8	-26.3	0.4	3.2
0.494	1456	0.000000	5.8	2.5	91.7	0.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	3.4	0.542481512	0.494607796	30.82	31.51	37.67	975.5	9.4	4.6	-26.1	0.5	3.0
0.513	1437																11.6	5.1	-25.8	0.4	3.7
0.528	1422	0.000000	3.5	1.8	94.7	0.0	3.6	89.2	7.2	26.9	0.591635695	0.623004157	30.87	37.39	31.74	3465.6	10.7	6.8	-26.4	0.6	3.4
0.532	1418																10.8	7.2	-26.3	0.7	3.5
0.535	1415	0.168634	9.1	4.6	86.3	0.0	2.2	97.8	0.0	16.8							11.6	6.6	-25.7	0.6	3.6
0.537	1413																12.8	8.2	-25.8	0.6	3.5
0.540	1410																13.8	10.3	-26.4	0.7	2.9
0.542	1408	0.000000	5.8	5.7	88.6	2.2	4.3	80.6	12.9	15.9	0.599920641	0.629023123	64.57	19.29	16.14	1602.6	13.2	11.2	-25.9	0.8	2.5
0.543	1407																					0.0	0.0
0.546	1404																12.9	10.5	-26.1	0.8	2.4
0.548	1402																13.9	9.9	-26.1	0.7	2.2
0.550	1400	0.261780	13.7	8.2	78.0	0.0	0.0	87.5	12.5	3.3							12.8	8.8	-26.4	0.7	2.6	0.0	0.0
0.553	1397	0.289855	21.7	17.4	60.9												13.0	7.6	-26.3	0.6	3.3
0.556	1394																					0.0	0.0
0.557	1393	0.211640	5.6	9.0	85.4	54.1	0.0	45.9	0.0	8.8							14.1	11.9	-26.4	0.8	2.2
0.560	1390	0.000000	10.9	13.1	76.0												13.5	11.7	-26.2	0.9	2.6
0.562	1388																13.8	11.5	-26.3	0.8	2.9
0.564	1386	0.480769	5.0	6.6	88.3	22.2	5.6	61.1	11.1	8.5							14.4	13.3	-26.0	0.9	3.6
0.568	1382	0.000000	13.9	13.3	72.9						0.589160663	0.582774473	79.84	13.05	7.11	14055.0
0.571	1379	0.000000	3.7	2.9	93.3	47.5	2.5	50.0	0.0	15.6							15.0	14.8	-26.1	1.0	3.2
0.575	1375	1.236476	22.1	34.5	43.4																	0.0	0.0
0.581	1369	0.624025	13.9	30.9	55.2	50.0	0.0	44.4	5.6	4.8							13.4	11.9	-26.0	0.9	2.4
0.586	1364	0.301205	9.6	31.2	59.2												13.3	11.3	-26.3	0.9	2.3
0.591	1359	0.540540	10.3	26.5	63.2	28.6	0.0	64.3	7.1	6.3							14.3	12.6	-26.5	0.9	3.1
0.594	1356																14.6	13.9	-26.7	1.0	4.3
0.599	1351	0.277778	6.9	11.1	81.9						0.543554448	0.610944166	85.95	9.03	5.02	1611.6	14.4	17.0	-26.4	1.2	5.5
0.602	1348	0.154560	12.7	15.5	71.9	29.2	4.2	66.7	0.0	10.3							15.4	15.5	-26.4	1.0	5.0
0.608	1342	2.280910	24.5	9.8	65.7
0.613	1337	0.470958	46.8	14.4	38.8	25.0	0.0	75.0	0.0	4.7							14.4	17.3	-25.9	1.2	6.3
0.618	1332	0.615385	18.9	13.8	67.2												15.1	16.0	-26.7	1.1	4.6
0.624	1326	1.294965	30.5	38.7	30.8	27.0	3.2	57.1	12.7	14.4
0.642	1308					20.0	0.0	80.0	0.0	2.3							17.5	14.5	-26.6	0.8	4.4
0.645	1305	1.395349	27.8	32.6	39.7						0.555246107	0.000000000	83.27	6.08	10.65	5022.7	17.2	15.9	-26.6	0.9	4.3
0.653	1297	0.702247	33.0	42.8	24.2	19.5	24.4	46.3	9.8	9.0							21.4	19.9	-26.3	0.9	4.1
0.660	1290																21.2	15.4	-26.5	0.7	3.9
0.665	1285	1.714285	31.3	49.1	19.6	10.5	10.5	68.4	10.5	4.3							18.6	16.3	-26.4	0.9	4.0
0.669	1281																					0.0	0.0
0.675	1275																18.7	14.5	-26.5	0.8	4.2
0.682	1268	1.984736	30.5	45.3	24.1	40.0	0.0	50.0	10.0	3.5	0.608679360	0.000000000	82.95	7.58	9.47	3013.6	20.8	15.3	-26.1	0.7	3.6
0.689	1261																19.8	12.9	-26.5	0.6	3.9
0.694	1256	2.639756	39.4	49.4	11.2	10.0	3.3	80.0	6.7	8.3							15.9	8.6	-26.5	0.5	4.0
0.701	1249	0.597908	26.6	37.2	36.2	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.0
0.714	1236	0.000000	21.3	32.8	45.9												21.2	19.8	-26.6	0.9	4.1
0.724	1226	0.927357	24.9	38.6	36.5	50.0	0.0	0.0	50.0	0.9	0.000000000	0.000000000	78.29	10.68	11.03	570.4	17.1	16.5	-26.6	1.0	4.1
0.733	1217	0.299850	24.7	58.2	17.1												23.0	17.3	-26.7	0.8	3.4
0.741	1209	0.000000	29.9	60.1	10.0	33.3	0.0	66.7	0.0	0.8							21.6	6.4	-25.8	0.3	3.5
0.743	1207	0.930233	30.2	57.2	12.6
0.753	1197	0.888888	33.1	48.0	18.9						0.560609021	0.000000000	53.80	12.50	33.70	236.8	23.7	4.6	-25.6	0.2	3.1
0.763	1187	1.008403	30.8	52.4	16.8	23.8	0.0	66.7	9.5	5.0	0.548503259	0.000000000	83.22	9.59	7.19	1706.5	16.5	19.2	-26.8	1.2	4.3
0.773	1177	0.916031	26.3	55.4	18.3						0.651347910	0.000000000	59.42	9.66	30.92	554.1	17.2	14.9	-26.8	0.9	3.9
0.780	1170																18.6	7.7	-26.3	0.4	4.0
0.783	1167	1.415094	39.6	45.3	15.1	0.0	0.0	88.9	11.1	3.6
0.793	1157	1.185185	21.0	44.9	34.1	23.1	7.7	65.4	3.8	9.4	0.583470868	0.000000000	77.24	10.16	12.60	2961.9	18.5	8.3	-26.3	0.4	3.2
0.798	1152																16.8	17.1	-26.8	1.0	4.1
0.809	1141	1.726620	29.5	58.6	11.9	27.3	4.5	68.2	0.0	14.6							15.1	12.9	-27.1	0.9	4.2
0.815	1135																15.3	9.0	-27.0	0.6	4.2
0.825	1125	0.891531	30.5	55.4	14.1	27.9	11.6	55.8	4.7	7.2	0.551330475	0.000000000	77.95	8.74	13.31	1650.7	17.6	9.7	-26.9	0.5	3.7
0.831	1119																16.9	10.6	-26.8	0.6	3.9
0.842	1108	0.928793	32.8	47.4	19.8	38.0	6.0	52.0	4.0	7.9							15.6	10.2	-26.8	0.7	4.4
0.845	1105																					0.0	0.0
0.848	1102																16.7	7.0	-26.3	0.4	3.8
0.858	1092	0.622084	28.3	61.4	10.3	23.4	12.1	59.7	4.8	18.3	0.000000000	0.000000000	76.36	10.46	13.18	1830.6	15.8	14.5	-27.1	0.9	3.8
0.864	1086																13.1	6.1	-26.6	0.5	4.6
0.874	1076	1.479290	33.9	54.9	11.2	22.0	8.8	67.0	2.2	10.2	0.578035061	0.000000000	75.76	7.95	16.29	2020.0	16.1	11.8	-27.0	0.7	4.1
0.881	1069																17.5	14.5	-26.7	0.8	3.6
0.891	1059	1.244168	33.4	61.4	5.1	33.3	0.0	66.7	0.0	1.8							17.0	7.7	-26.2	0.5	3.8
0.897	1053																19.8	5.7	-25.4	0.3	3.6
0.907	1043	1.944445	41.4	51.1	7.5	37.0	3.7	59.3	0.0	7.1							18.0	15.6	-26.7	0.9	3.7
0.914	1036																17.5	6.8	-26.2	0.4	3.7
0.923	1027	1.673640	37.2	55.2	7.5	0.0	11.1	88.9	0.0	1.0							17.5	4.4	-20.0	0.3	3.8
0.926	1024																21.0	8.5	-25.7	0.4	3.6
0.933	1017	2.162161	42.7	48.9	8.4	41.7	16.7	41.7	0.0	2.6	0.538999838	0.000000000	73.47	11.84	14.69	1239.9	19.4	9.5	-26.5	0.5	3.4
0.940	1010																20.0	8.6	-26.8	0.4	2.7
0.947	1003	0.927357	33.1	61.8	5.1	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6							24.9	9.5	-26.4	0.4	2.8
0.955	995																20.0	10.8	-26.1	0.5	3.8
0.964	986	2.387637	24.2	68.7	7.2	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6							27.0	13.2	-26.5	0.5	3.1
0.972	978																25.4	20.2	-26.6	0.8	2.6
0.981	969	1.404054	28.9	64.4	6.7	33.3	0.0	66.7	0.0	0.9	0.000000000	0.000000000	74.63	10.82	14.55	259.7	22.0	11.6	-26.3	0.5	3.5
0.988	962																19.1	15.8	-26.6	0.8	3.5
0.997	953	1.123596	25.8	61.0	13.2	14.3	31.0	45.2	9.5	4.9	0.000000000	0.000000000	72.03	12.24	15.73	640.3	23.1	11.2	-26.4	0.5	3.3
1.071	879																					0.0	0.0
1.227	723										0.541669760	0.000000000	73.36	10.04	16.60	301.8