Citation:

PANGAEA.933674

Name: Multi-proxy analysis of sediment cores from Lake Ginjal (Azores archipelago, Portugal)
Published: 2021-07-14
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Azores Archipelago; multiproxy; oceanic island; Shallow lake

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Abstract:

The Azores archipelago is a group of nine oceanic volcanic islands located in the mid-North Atlantic, roughly 1500 km from Europe and 1900 km from America. In 2018, a sediment core was recovered from Lake Ginjal on Terceira island. A 3.5 m long sediment core was taken using a Russian chamber corer, 0.5 m long, with 5 cm diameter. Lake Ginjal occupies the bottom of a small crater at 390 m above sea level located in the plains of Achada, the oldest volcanic crater of Terceira island. Its maximum length and width are 120 m and 70 m, respectively, and its maximum water depth is 1 m. The core was dated using ¹⁴C and produced a multi-proxy dataset of geochemical and biological analyses that we used to uncover paleoenvironmental changes on Lake Azul in the last 550 years.

Keyword(s):

Azores Archipelago; multiproxy; oceanic island; Shallow lake

Related to:

Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel; Hernández, Armand; Pla-Rabes, Sergi; Gonçalves, Vítor; Bao, Roberto; Sáez, Alberto; Shanahan, Timothy M; Benavente, Mario; de Boer, Erik J; Richter, Nora; Gordon, Verónica; Marques, Helena; Sousa, Pedro M; Souto, Martin; Matias, Miguel G; Aguiar, Nicole; Pereira, Cátia; Ritter, Catarina; Rúbio, Maria Jesus; Salcedo, Marina; Vázquez-Loureiro, David; Margalef, Olga; Amaral-Zettler, Linda A; Costa, Ana Cristina; Huang, Yongsong; van Leeuwen, Jacqueline F N; Masqué, Pere; Prego, Ricardo; Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina; Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert; Trigo, Ricardo M; Giralt, Santiago (2021): Climate change facilitated the early colonization of the Azores Archipelago during medieval times. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(41), e2108236118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108236118

Funding:

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), grant/award no. PTDC/CTA-AMB/28511/2017: WHEN WERE THE AZORES ARCHIPELAGO REALLY COLONIZED? A HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL APPROACH

Coverage:

Latitude: 38.695278 * Longitude: -27.158056

Date/Time Start: 2018-08-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2018-08-05T00:00:00

Minimum Elevation: 390.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 390.0 m

Event(s):

Ginjal_2018 * Latitude: 38.695278 * Longitude: -27.158056 * Date/Time: 2018-08-05T00:00:00 * Elevation: 390.0 m * Recovery: 3.5 m * Location: Lake Ginjal, Terceira Island * Method/Device: Russian corer (RUSC)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	AGE	Age	ka BP	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel		Geocode
2	Age	Age	a AD/CE	Giralt, Santiago	AMS 14C dating on pollen concentrates; Clam routine on R
3	Aerophilous diatoms	Aeroph diatom	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
4	Diatoms, benthic	Diatom benthic	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
5	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, blood, standard error	pCO2 blood std e	±	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
6	Diatoms, planktic	Diatom plank	%	Gonçalves, Vítor	Diatom analysis (Battarbee, 1986, in Berglund, Handbook of Holocene Pal.)
7	Chironomini	Chironomini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Chironomini
8	Orthocladiinae	Orthocladiinae	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Orthocladiinae
9	Tanytarsini	Tanytarsini	%	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)	Chironomidae - Tanytarsini
10	Coccoliths, standard deviation	Cocco std dev	±	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Chironomid analysis (Brooks et al, 2007, The identification and use of Palaeartic Chironomid Larvae in Palaecology)
11	Charcoal, flux	Charcoal flux	#/cm²/a	Raposeiro, Pedro Miguel	Charcoal analysis (Whitlock & Larsen, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
12	Accumulation rate, coprophilous fungi spores	Acc rate coproph fung sp flux	#/cm²/a	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
13	Arboreal pollen	AP	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
14	Pollen, shrubs	Pollen shrubs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
15	Pollen, herbs	Pollen herbs	%	de Boer, Erik J	Pollen analysis (Bennett & Willis, 2001, in Birks & Last, Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments)
16	Carbon, organic, total/Nitrogen, total ratio	TOC/TN		Bao, Roberto
17	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Bao, Roberto
18	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
19	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS
20	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Bao, Roberto	Mass spectrometer Finnigan Finnigan delta Plus EA-CF-IRMS

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1058 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Age [ka BP]	2 Age [a AD/CE]	3 Aeroph diatom [%]	4 Diatom benthic [%]	5 pCO2 blood std e [±]	6 Diatom plank [%]	7 Chironomini [%]	8 Orthocladiinae [%]	9 Tanytarsini [%]	10 Cocco std dev [±]	11 Charcoal flux [#/cm²/a]	12 Acc rate coproph fung sp flux [#/cm²/a]	13 AP [%]	14 Pollen shrubs [%]	15 Pollen herbs [%]	16 TOC/TN	17 TOC [%]	18 δ13C [‰ PDB]	19 TN [%]	20 δ15N [‰ air]
0.149	1801					12.5	62.5	9.6	25.0	9.7					10.2	10.2	-23.5	1.0	2.4
0.158	1792	8.2	73.3	6.2	20.6	10.0	50.0	10.7	40.0	10.6					10.3	10.5	-23.3	1.0	2.3
0.166	1784					11.1	55.6	10.8	33.3	10.3					10.3	10.8	-23.5	1.1	2.3
0.175	1775					11.8	70.6	20.4	17.6	9.7					10.5	10.4	-23.7	1.0	2.3
0.184	1766	4.9	65.7	0.0	34.3	30.8	53.8	13.9	15.4	18.8					11.1	11.3	-23.9	1.0	2.2
0.192	1758									11.7					10.4	10.6	-23.8	1.0	2.1
0.201	1749									4.7					10.4	11.2	-23.9	1.1	2.0
0.209	1741					0.0	75.0	17.1	25.0	5.0					10.3	9.4	-24.1	0.9	2.2
0.217	1733					0.0	37.5	28.8	62.5	8.9					10.3	10.7	-23.7	1.0	2.1
0.226	1724	9.8	61.8	3.9	34.3	0.0	66.7	19.2	33.3	7.2	35.2	1.6	3.3	95.1	10.4	10.6	-23.6	1.0	2.2
0.234	1716									17.5					10.5	10.6	-24.0	1.0	3.0
0.242	1708					10.5	63.2	20.3	26.3
0.250	1700									17.5					10.8	10.6	-23.8	1.0	2.8
0.258	1692	12.1	58.6	5.7	35.7	8.3	70.8	25.6	20.8	17.8	32.0	0.7	16.7	82.6	10.5	10.8	-24.0	1.0	2.9
0.266	1684					2.9	61.8	31.7	35.3	26.4					10.7	11.0	-24.0	1.0	2.7
0.273	1677					8.0	68.0	80.0	24.0	21.6					10.5	10.7	-23.8	1.0	2.6
0.281	1669	13.3	73.5	18.8	7.7	0.0	68.2	20.5	31.8	9.6					10.2	10.4	-24.1	1.0	2.5
0.288	1662									10.3					10.4	10.1	-24.3	1.0	2.5
0.296	1654					8.3	50.0	22.4	41.7	9.3					10.2	10.7	-24.1	1.0	2.4
0.303	1647									9.6					10.6	10.3	-24.3	1.0	2.5
0.310	1640					8.0	64.0	70.0	28.0	7.9	19.6	2.1	1.7	96.2	10.4	10.6	-24.2	1.0	2.5
0.317	1633	8.6	62.4	37.1	0.5	4.5	70.5	41.1	25.0	5.7					10.5	10.8	-24.3	1.0	2.4
0.324	1626					5.9	73.5	31.7	20.6	8.6					10.4	10.4	-24.3	1.0	2.6
0.331	1619					7.0	79.1	40.1	14.0	7.5					10.7	9.5	-24.2	0.9	2.4
0.338	1612									10.0					10.8	12.3	-24.1	1.1	2.6
0.344	1606	9.9	71.1	28.2	0.7	6.3	31.3	44.8	62.5	6.8					10.7	10.1	-24.1	0.9	2.9
0.351	1599									7.1					10.8	10.1	-24.4	0.9	3.2
0.357	1593					15.1	64.2	42.4	20.8	14.2					10.7	9.7	-24.3	0.9	3.2
0.363	1587									7.1					10.5	9.9	-24.2	0.9	3.0
0.369	1581	9.4	73.2	25.6	1.1	17.9	71.8	31.2	10.3	6.7					10.6	10.4	-24.2	1.0	3.0
0.375	1575									5.8					10.5	10.9	-24.5	1.0	3.3
0.387	1563									15.4					10.7	10.7	-24.7	1.0	3.3
0.393	1557					6.5	79.6	62.0	14.0	17.0	30.0	1.5	3.4	95.0	10.7	10.5	-24.9	1.0	3.4
0.398	1552	7.4	66.7	33.0	0.2	7.8	81.8	51.3	10.4	19.5					10.7	10.6	-24.9	1.0	3.5
0.403	1547					0.0	68.8	38.4	31.3	13.3					10.8	11.3	-25.0	1.0	3.5
0.409	1541					5.6	75.9	36.0	18.5	18.5					10.5	10.6	-24.7	1.0	3.5
0.414	1536					14.6	51.2	27.3	34.1	22.0					10.6	11.0	-25.2	1.0	3.6
0.419	1531	6.1	57.4	39.7	2.9	20.3	60.9	46.0	18.8	19.0					11.1	9.5	-24.9	0.9	2.8
0.424	1526					44.0	40.0	16.7	16.0	18.5					10.3	9.0	-24.9	0.9	2.9
0.429	1521					37.0	28.3	24.5	34.8	6.3					11.5	10.1	-25.5	0.9	3.1
0.433	1517					24.5	17.9	70.7	57.5	2.0					11.9	11.5	-25.9	1.0	2.8
0.438	1512	2.7	58.1	41.9	0.0	38.1	14.3	11.2	47.6	1.9					12.1	16.1	-25.9	1.3	3.0
0.442	1508					39.6	7.5	28.3	52.8	1.9	14.4	2.6	4.8	92.7	12.7	11.2	-26.1	0.9	2.8
0.446	1504					15.0	30.0	13.3	55.0	6.5					11.4	9.2	-25.6	0.8	3.3
0.451	1499					0.0	0.0	6.4	100.0	6.3					11.5	8.7	-25.2	0.8	3.5
0.455	1495	4.5	49.9	48.1	2.0	43.6	1.8	22.0	54.5	6.7					11.6	9.0	-25.0	0.8	3.4
0.458	1492					35.3	5.9	27.2	58.8	7.5					11.8	9.9	-25.3	0.8	3.1
0.462	1488					19.0	0.0	11.2	81.0	6.9					12.0	11.2	-25.6	0.9	3.2
0.466	1484					20.0	0.0	6.0	80.0	8.3					11.4	9.4	-25.0	0.8	3.9
0.469	1481	7.0	89.5	5.1	5.4	14.3	4.8	8.4	81.0	7.5					11.6	9.6	-25.0	0.8	3.7
0.472	1478									5.0					11.3	9.5	-25.0	0.8	3.8
0.476	1474					41.2	21.6	20.4	37.3	8.3					11.4	9.1	-24.9	0.8	3.7
0.479	1471	22.7	86.6	6.2	7.2	0.0	0.0	5.6	100.0	10.8					11.8	9.5	-24.6	0.8	3.3
0.482	1468									9.2					11.3	8.8	-24.9	0.8	3.8
0.485	1465					26.7	0.0	4.0	73.3	10.0					11.3	7.5	-25.3	0.7	4.2
0.487	1463					0.0	0.0	7.2	100.0	10.8					11.5	9.2	-25.3	0.8	3.8
0.490	1460	15.2	73.8	15.2	11.0	5.6	16.7	4.8	77.8	8.3					11.2	8.9	-24.9	0.8	3.9
0.493	1457									10.0					11.1	8.8	-24.8	0.8	3.9
0.495	1455					0.0	0.0	3.5	100.0	8.8					11.3	8.6	-24.9	0.8	4.0
0.497	1453					2.9	20.6	13.6	76.5	5.0					11.4	8.4	-25.6	0.7	4.5
0.500	1450					0.0	0.0	4.3	100.0	13.8					11.5	8.4	-25.8	0.7	4.6
0.502	1448	25.8	79.6	4.1	16.3	8.3	0.0	6.4	91.7	21.3					11.5	8.4	-25.3	0.7	4.4
0.504	1446					3.6	7.1	7.5	89.3	17.5					11.7	8.6	-24.9	0.7	4.7
0.506	1444					13.6	22.7	5.9	63.6	23.8					11.3	8.2	-24.9	0.7	4.6
0.508	1442									40.0					12.0	8.4	-25.1	0.7	4.6
0.509	1441	9.5	90.5	0.0	9.5	0.0	16.7	4.8	83.3	15.0	8.0	0.0	1.7	98.3	11.6	8.2	-24.9	0.7	4.7
0.511	1439					0.0	0.0	9.9	100.0	21.3					11.4	8.3	-24.9	0.7	5.2
0.513	1437					8.3	0.0	3.2	91.7	120.0					11.2	9.3	-25.3	0.8	5.0
0.514	1436					0.0	0.0	4.5	100.0	25.0					11.5	8.2	-25.5	0.7	4.7
0.516	1434	44.6	81.2	13.9	5.0	0.0	0.0	1.6	100.0	23.8					11.1	8.6	-25.0	0.8	4.9
0.517	1433					9.5	0.0	5.6	90.5
0.519	1431					0.0	5.9	2.3	94.1	32.5					11.0	8.8	-25.1	0.8	4.3
0.520	1430	36.8	100.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.1	100.0	25.0					11.7	8.6	-25.0	0.7	4.3
0.521	1429									8.8					11.6	8.5	-25.1	0.7	4.4
0.523	1427					5.9	0.0	2.3	94.1	15.0					11.1	8.7	-24.8	0.8	4.3
0.524	1426					16.7	16.7	0.8	66.7	7.5					11.4	8.9	-25.0	0.8	4.4
0.525	1425					16.7	0.0	2.4	83.3	20.0	6.4	0.0	1.7	98.3	11.1	9.0	-25.0	0.8	4.5
0.526	1424	20.9	97.4	0.0	2.6	37.5	0.0	2.1	62.5	2.5					11.3	9.2	-25.2	0.8	4.5
0.527	1423									2.5					11.2	8.6	-25.0	0.8	4.5
0.528	1422					28.6	7.1	1.9	64.3	17.5					11.1	8.4	-24.9	0.8	4.5
0.529	1421	13.9	97.8	1.5	0.7	32.3	9.7	4.1	58.1	32.5					11.0	8.5	-24.8	0.8	4.7
0.530	1420									20.0					10.9	8.5	-24.9	0.8	4.7
0.531	1419									27.5					10.9	8.8	-24.8	0.8	4.5
0.532	1418					37.0	7.4	3.6	55.6	27.5					11.7	8.6	-24.8	0.7	4.4
0.533	1417									25.0					11.6	8.4	-24.7	0.7	4.7
0.534	1416	11.6	97.8	2.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	1.7	100.0	25.0					10.8	10.8	-24.5	1.0	4.6
0.535	1415					38.6	22.7	5.9	38.6	70.0	21.2	0.0	10.8	89.2	10.9	11.8	-24.5	1.1	4.6
0.536	1414									57.5					11.2	12.4	-24.6	1.1	4.5
0.537	1413	26.8	100.0	0.0	0.0	25.0	41.7	1.6	33.3	7.5					11.2	9.7	-24.5	0.9	4.6
0.539	1411					10.5	26.3	2.5	63.2	15.0					10.9	6.0	-24.3	0.6	5.4
0.540	1410					46.7	13.3	2.0	40.0	20.0					11.1	6.9	-24.3	0.6	5.4
0.541	1409									2.5					11.0	5.8	-24.2	0.5	5.6
0.542	1408	44.7	99.5	0.0	0.5	8.3	16.7	1.6	75.0	12.5					11.3	5.4	-24.6	0.5	5.7
0.543	1407									0.0					10.9	2.7	-24.8	0.2	6.0