Herzschuh, Ulrike; Böhmer, Thomas; Li, Chenzhi; Cao, Xianyong; Dolman, Andrew M; Postl, Alexander; Heim, Birgit; Wieczorek, Mareike (2023): Description of sampling sites in the South America region [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933149
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Further details:
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -14.968663 * Median Longitude: -69.466594 * South-bound Latitude: -62.628611 * West-bound Longitude: -89.480040 * North-bound Latitude: 10.183485 * East-bound Longitude: -38.720170
Date/Time Start: 1995-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1995-12-31T00:00:00
Minimum ELEVATION: 2 m a.s.l. * Maximum ELEVATION: 4820 m a.s.l.
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Herzschuh, Ulrike | |||
| 2 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Event | ||
| 3 | Identification | ID | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Site | ||
| 4 | Identification | ID | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Dataset | ||
| 5 | Site | Site | Herzschuh, Ulrike | |||
| 6 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Geocode | ||
| 7 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Geocode | ||
| 8 | Continent | Cont | Herzschuh, Ulrike | |||
| 9 | ELEVATION | Elevation | m a.s.l. | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Geocode | |
| 10 | Type | Type | Herzschuh, Ulrike | of data | ||
| 11 | Location type | Loc type | Herzschuh, Ulrike | |||
| 12 | Sample amount | N | # | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Pollen samples in core | |
| 13 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | AgeModel | ||
| 14 | Age, minimum/young | Age min | ka | Herzschuh, Ulrike | ||
| 15 | Age, maximum/old | Age max | ka | Herzschuh, Ulrike | ||
| 16 | Description | Description | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Site Description from Neotoma | ||
| 17 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #1 | ||
| 18 | Uniform resource locator/link to reference | URL ref | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #1 | ||
| 19 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #2 | ||
| 20 | Uniform resource locator/link to reference | URL ref | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #2 | ||
| 21 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #3 | ||
| 22 | Uniform resource locator/link to reference | URL ref | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #3 | ||
| 23 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #4 | ||
| 24 | Uniform resource locator/link to reference | URL ref | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #4 | ||
| 25 | Reference/source | Reference | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #5 | ||
| 26 | Uniform resource locator/link to reference | URL ref | Herzschuh, Ulrike | Literature source #5 |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
2177 data points
Data
| 1 Event | 2 Reference (Event) | 3 ID (Site) | 4 ID (Dataset) | 5 Site | 6 Longitude | 7 Latitude | 8 Cont | 9 Elevation [m a.s.l.] | 10 Type (of data) | 11 Loc type | 12 N [#] (Pollen samples in core) | 13 Reference (AgeModel) | 14 Age min [ka] | 15 Age max [ka] | 16 Description (Site Description from Neotoma) | 17 Reference (Literature source #1) | 18 URL ref (Literature source #1) | 19 Reference (Literature source #2) | 20 URL ref (Literature source #2) | 21 Reference (Literature source #3) | 22 URL ref (Literature source #3) | 23 Reference (Literature source #4) | 24 URL ref (Literature source #4) | 25 Reference (Literature source #5) | 26 URL ref (Literature source #5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGUILAR | Neotoma | 15 | 15 | Aguilar | -65.750000 | -23.833333 | South America | 4000 | Raw | Fen | 24 | AWI | -0.056 | 11.192 | Fen along creek above Mina Aguilar. Physiography: bog cut by creek draining endmoraines. Surrounding vegetation: Altiplano paramo grassland. | Markgraf, V., 1985. Paleoenvironmental history of the last 10,000 years in northwestern Argentina. Zentralblatt fur Geologie und Palaontologie. Teil 1, Allgemeine, Angewandte, Regionale und Historische Geologie, 1984(11-12), pp.1739-1749. | |||||||||
| AMARETE | Neotoma | 32 | 32 | Amarete | -68.983333 | -15.233333 | South America | 4000 | Raw | Peat | 17 | AWI | -0.060 | 10.480 | Mire. | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| AQUIRI | Neotoma | 211 | 212 | Lago do Aquiri | -44.983333 | -3.166667 | South America | 10 | Raw | Lake | 27 | AWI | 7.140 | 8.278 | Natural lake, sometimes flooded by river. Physiography: soft rolling area with flood plains. Surrounding vegetation: anthropog. palm forest, swamp savanna. | Behling, H. and da Costa, M.L., 1997. Studies on Holocene tropical vegetation, mangrove and coast environments in the state of Maranhao, NE Brazil. Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, 10(7), pp.93-118. | |||||||||
| ASA | Neotoma | 216 | 217 | Lake Asa | -61.134722 | -62.628611 | South America | 35 | Raw | Lake | 30 | AWI | 1.169 | 5.853 | Lake inside President Beaches. Physiography: above Holocene sea-level. Surrounding vegetation: sparse mosses and lichens. | Bjorck, S., Hakansson, H., Olsson, S., Barnekow, L. and Janssens, J., 1993. Palaeoclimatic studies in South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, based on numerous stratigraphic variables in lake sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology, 8(3), pp.233-272. | doi:10.1007/BF00177858 | ||||||||
| BOAVISTA | Neotoma | 288 | 294 | Serra da Boa Vista | -49.150000 | -27.700000 | South America | 1160 | Raw | Peat | 38 | AWI | -0.038 | 17.887 | Peat bog. Physiography: situated on a small slope. Surrounding vegetation: grassland. | Behling, H., 1993. Untersuchungen zur spatpleistozanen und holozanen Vegetations- und Klimageschichte der tropischen Kustenwalder und der Araukarienwalder in Santa Catarina (Sudbrasilien). Dissertationes Botanicae 206. J Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart, Germany (in German). | Behling, H., 1995. Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of vegetation and climate in Santa Catarina (S Brazil). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 4(3), pp.127-152. | doi:10.1007/BF00203932 | Ledru, M.P., Behling, H., Fournier, M., Martin, L. and Servant, M., 1994. Localisation de la foret d'Araucaria du Bresil au cours de l'Holocene. Implications paleoclimatiques. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie 3, Sciences de la vie, 317(6), pp.517-521 (in French). | ||||||
| CALACONT | Neotoma | 323 | 330 | Cala Conto | -65.933333 | -17.566667 | South America | 2700 | Raw | Fluvial | 31 | AWI | 12.506 | 42.655 | Interandean plain. | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | Graf, K., 1989. Palinologia del cuaternario reciente en los Andes del Ecuador, del Peru, y de Bolivia. Boletin Servicio Geologico Bolivia, 4, pp.69-91 (in Spanish). | ||||||||
| CAUNAHU1 | Neotoma | 342 | 350 | Caunahue | -72.000000 | -40.000000 | South America | 500 | Raw | River | 58 | AWI | 3.026 | 17.810 | Outcrop along Caunahue river (L. Ranco). Physiography: within end-moraines. Surrounding vegetation: Valdivian rainforest. | Markgraf, V., 1991. Younger Dryas in southern South America?. Boreas, 20(1), pp.63-69. | doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1991.tb00459.x | ||||||||
| CAYAMBE | Neotoma | 343 | 351 | Cayambe | -78.033333 | -0.033333 | South America | 4350 | Raw | Peat | 22 | AWI | 0.283 | 5.909 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | Graf, K., 1989. Palinologia del cuaternario reciente en los Andes del Ecuador, del Peru, y de Bolivia. Boletin Servicio Geologico Bolivia, 4, pp.69-91 (in Spanish). | ||||||||
| CHACALT1 | Neotoma | 347 | 355 | Chacaltaya 1 | -68.150000 | -16.366667 | South America | 4750 | Raw | Peat | 53 | AWI | 0.023 | 8.750 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| CHACALT2 | Neotoma | 348 | 356 | Chacaltaya 2 | -68.150000 | -16.366667 | South America | 4350 | Raw | Peat | 41 | AWI | -0.050 | 12.336 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| CLARENCE | Neotoma | 477 | 488 | Isla Clarence | -71.233333 | -54.200000 | South America | 10 | Raw | Peat | 39 | AWI | 0.317 | 10.807 | Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus betuloides rain forest. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| COCALVAR | Neotoma | 483 | 495 | Cerro Calvario | -68.500000 | -16.250000 | South America | 3950 | Raw | Peat | 20 | AWI | 5.259 | 8.637 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| COTAPAMP | Neotoma | 497 | 509 | Cotapampa | -69.100000 | -15.216667 | South America | 4450 | Raw | Peat | 22 | AWI | -0.050 | 11.802 | NA | ||||||||||
| CUEVAHAI | Neotoma | 521 | 535 | Cueva Haichol | -70.666667 | -38.583333 | South America | 1050 | Raw | Valley | 9 | AWI | 0.192 | 7.598 | Rockshelter. Physiography: about 50m above valley. Surrounding vegetation: scrub steppe with Maytenus and Schinus. | Markgraf, V., 1988. Analisis palinologicos de los sedimentos. In: Arqueologia de la Cueva Haichol ed. by J.C. Fernandez (pp.97-102). Anales de Arqueologia y Etnologia (in Spanish). | |||||||||
| CUEVAMIL | Neotoma | 522 | 536 | Cueva Milodon | -72.633333 | -51.583333 | South America | 50 | Raw | Cave | 9 | AWI | 12.567 | 15.536 | Cave N Puerto Natales, Ultima Esperanza. Physiography: large cave in conglomerate facing west. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus pumilio woodland. | Markgraf, V., 1985. Late Pleistocene faunal extinctions in southern Patagonia. Science, 228(4703), pp.1110-1112. | doi:10.1126/science.228.4703.1110 | Salmi, M., 1955. Additional information on the findings in the Mylodon cave at Ultima Esperanza. Acta Geografica, 14, pp.314-333. | |||||||
| CUMBREUN | Neotoma | 523 | 537 | Cumbre Unduavi | -68.041667 | -16.350000 | South America | 4620 | Raw | Peat | 38 | AWI | -0.018 | 13.934 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| CURUCAA | Neotoma | 526 | 540 | Lagoa da Curuca | -47.850000 | -0.766667 | South America | 35 | Raw | Lake | 18 | AWI | 10.897 | 13.672 | Lake. Physiography: isolated lake, 15 km from the Atlantic. Surrounding vegetation: Amazon rain forest. | Behling, H., 1996. First report on new evidence for the occurrence of Podocarpus and possible human presence at the mouth of the Amazon during the Late-glacial. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 5(3), pp.241-246. | doi:10.1007/BF00217501 | ||||||||
| DASPATAS | Neotoma | 532 | 547 | Lagoa das Patas | -66.683333 | 0.266667 | South America | 300 | Raw | Lake | 49 | AWI | -0.051 | 53.873 | Lake, 300m x 7m on low inselberg. Physiography: small closed basin with flat bottom. Surrounding vegetation: dense, lowland tropical rain forest. | Colinvaux, P.A., de Oliveira, P.E., Moreno, J.E., Miller, M.C. and Bush, M.B., 1996. A long pollen record from lowland Amazonia: forest and cooling in glacial times. Science, 274(5284), pp.85-88. | doi:10.1126/science.274.5284.85 | ||||||||
| ENCANT | Neotoma | 778 | 798 | Encantado | -71.133333 | -40.666667 | South America | 960 | Raw | Cave | 3 | AWI | 0.373 | 1.228 | Cave, La Centinela rock spire. Physiography: pre-Andean basalt plateaus. Surrounding vegetation: Austrocedrus/steppe. | Markgraf, V., Betancourt, J. and Rylander, K.A., 1997. Late-Holocene rodent middens from Rio Limay, Neuquen Province, Argentina. The Holocene, 7(3), pp.325-329. | doi:10.1177/095968369700700308 | ||||||||
| GERAIS | Neotoma | 843 | 872 | Serra Campos Gerais | -50.216667 | -24.666667 | South America | 1200 | Raw | Peat | 37 | AWI | -0.053 | 14.618 | Peat bog. Physiography: highland plain, next to a river vally. Surrounding vegetation: farmland. | Behling, H., 1997. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history of the Araucaria forest and campos region from Serra Campos Gerais, ParanaState (South Brazil). Review of palaeobotany and palynology, 97(1-2), pp.109-121. | doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(96)00065-6 | ||||||||
| ITAPEVA | Neotoma | 1120 | 1154 | Morro de Itapeva | -45.533333 | -22.783333 | South America | 1850 | Raw | Peat | 43 | AWI | -0.051 | 39.597 | Peat bog. Physiography: small basin,next to the steep escarpment. Surrounding vegetation: Araucaria forest and campos. | Behling, H., 1997. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire history from the tropical mountain region of Morro de Itapeva, SE Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 129(3-4), pp.407-422. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(97)88177-1 | ||||||||
| KATANTI | Neotoma | 1406 | 1443 | Katantica | -69.183333 | -14.800000 | South America | 4820 | Raw | Peat | 21 | AWI | -0.001 | 8.510 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| LAGOMOR1 | Neotoma | 1538 | 1578 | Lago Moreno | -71.516667 | -41.058333 | South America | 800 | Raw | Lake | 37 | AWI | 1.923 | 16.486 | Small lake near Lago Nahuel Huapi. Physiography: glaciated region of southern Andes. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus dombeyi/Austrocedrus forest. | Valencio, D.A., Sinito, A.M., Creer, K.M., Mazzoni, M.M., Alonso, M.S. and Markgraf, V., 1985. Paleomagnetism, Sedimentology, Radiocarbon Age Determinations and Palynology of the Llao--Llao Area, Southwestern Argentina (lat. 41S, long. 7130'W): Paleolimnological aspects. Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, 3, pp.109-147. | |||||||||
| LAGSAL | Neotoma | 1539 | 1579 | Laguna Salinas | -71.150000 | -16.400000 | South America | 4300 | Raw | Peat | 9 | AWI | -0.065 | 17.866 | Peat bog at lake border. Physiography: high andean basin, surrounded by volcano. Surrounding vegetation: puna steppe. | ||||||||||
| LAMISION | Neotoma | 1565 | 1610 | La Mision | -67.833333 | -53.500000 | South America | 5 | Raw | Marsh | 64 | AWI | -0.065 | 11.057 | Marsh around lagune in creek valley. Physiography: unglaciated Tertiary landforms. Surrounding vegetation: steppe. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | Markgraf, V., 1993. Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 102(1-2), pp.53-68. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4 | Markgraf, V., 1980. New data on the late- and postglacial history of La Mision, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Proceedings IV International Palynological Conference, 3, pp.68-74. | Markgraf, V., 1980. Nuevos datos para la historia vegetacional del Tardiglacial y Postglacial de \La Mision\ Tierra del Fuego. Memorias del 3er. Coloquio de Paleobotanica y Palinologia. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia. Mexico, DF, Mexico, 86, pp.75-81. | ||||
| LDOPIRES | Neotoma | 1575 | 1621 | Lago do Pires | -42.216667 | -17.950000 | South America | 390 | Raw | Lake | 77 | AWI | -0.052 | 11.122 | Natural lake surrounded by small mounten. Physiography: foothill area. Surrounding vegetation: farm land. | Behling, H., 1995. A high resolution Holocene pollen record from Lago do Pires, SE Brazil: vegetation, climate and fire history. Journal of Paleolimnology, 14(3), pp.253-268. | doi:10.1007/BF00682427 | ||||||||
| LHUATACO | Neotoma | 1584 | 1631 | Laguna Huatacocha | -76.616667 | -10.766667 | South America | 4500 | Raw | Lake | 37 | AWI | -0.021 | 11.914 | Lake on glacial moraine. Physiography: intermontane valley in W. cordillera. Surrounding vegetation: ichu grass. | Hansen, B.C., Wright Jr, H.E. and Bradbury, J.P., 1984. Pollen studies in the Junin area, central Peruvian Andes. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95(12), pp.1454-1465. | doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1454:PSITJA>2.0.CO;2 | ||||||||
| LJERONIM | Neotoma | 1595 | 1646 | Laguna Jeronimo | -75.216667 | -11.783333 | South America | 4450 | Raw | Peat | 40 | AWI | -0.058 | 12.736 | Moraine dammed lake. Physiography: Eastern Cordillera of the Andes. Surrounding vegetation: Ichu grass. | Hansen, B.C., Seltzer, G.O. and Wright Jr, H.E., 1994. Late Quaternary vegetational change in the central Peruvian Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 109(2-4), pp.263-285. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)90179-1 | ||||||||
| LJUNIN1 | Neotoma | 1596 | 1647 | Laguna Junin | -76.166667 | -11.000000 | South America | 4100 | Raw | Lake | 80 | AWI | 1.243 | 49.269 | Large moraine and outwash dammed lake. Physiography: Junin Plain between E and W cordilleras. Surrounding vegetation: Ichu grass. | Hansen, B.C., Wright Jr, H.E. and Bradbury, J.P., 1984. Pollen studies in the Junin area, central Peruvian Andes. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 95(12), pp.1454-1465. | doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<1454:PSITJA>2.0.CO;2 | ||||||||
| LMILLOC | Neotoma | 1603 | 1654 | Laguna Milloc | -76.350000 | -11.566667 | South America | 4325 | Raw | Lake | 16 | AWI | 0.251 | 13.979 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| LPOMACOC | Neotoma | 1621 | 1674 | Laguna Pomacocha | -75.250000 | -11.750000 | South America | 4450 | Raw | Lake | 17 | AWI | -0.053 | 12.404 | Moraine dammed lake. Physiography: Eastern Cordillera of the Andes. Surrounding vegetation: Ichu grass. | Hansen, B.C.S., Seltzer, G.O. and Wright Jr, H.E., 1994. Late Quaternary vegetational change in the central Peruvian Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 109(2-4), pp.263-285. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)90179-1 | ||||||||
| LTUCTUA | Neotoma | 1625 | 1679 | Laguna Tuctua | -75.000000 | -11.666667 | South America | 4250 | Raw | Lake | 45 | AWI | -0.067 | 17.302 | Moraine dammed lake. Physiography: easternmost ridge of Eastern Cordillera. Surrounding vegetation: Ichu grass. | Hansen, B.C.S., Seltzer, G.O. and Wright Jr, H.E., 1994. Late Quaternary vegetational change in the central Peruvian Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 109(2-4), pp.263-285. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(94)90179-1 | ||||||||
| MALLINBO | Neotoma | 1639 | 1694 | Mallin Book | -71.583333 | -41.333333 | South America | 800 | Raw | Bog | 63 | AWI | 0.319 | 16.860 | Sedge bog behind L. Mascardi beach. Physiography: glacially carved valley. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus dombeyi/Austrocedrus forest. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| MASCARDI | Neotoma | 1655 | 1711 | Lago Mascardi-Gutierrez | -71.466667 | -41.250000 | South America | 800 | Raw | Peat | 64 | AWI | 0.083 | 11.169 | Bog. Physiography: sediments deposited in morainedamed lake. Surrounding vegetation: Mixed Nothfagus dombeyi-Austrocedrus chi. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| MIRANDA | Neotoma | 1702 | 1758 | Paramo de Miranda | -70.833333 | 8.916667 | South America | 3290 | Raw | Peat | 37 | AWI | 0.327 | 17.752 | Bog. Physiography: fluvio-glacial terrace. Surrounding vegetation: superparamo grasslands. | Salgado-Labouriau, M.L., Rull, V., Schubert, C. and Va, S., 1988. The establishment of vegetation after late Pleistocene deglaciation in the Paramo de Miranda, Venezuelan Andes. Review of Palaeobotany and palynology, 55(1-3), pp.5-17. | doi:10.1016/0034-6667(88)90052-8 | Salgado-Labouriau, M.L., 1987. Sequence of colonization by plants in the Venezuelan Andes after the last Pleistocene glaciation. Journal of palynology, 23, pp.189-204. | Salgado-Labouriau, M.L., 1991. Vegetation and climatic changes in the Merida Andes during the last 13,000 years. Boletim Instituto de Geociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 8, pp.159-170. | ||||||
| MORENOGL | Neotoma | 1714 | 1771 | Moreno Glacier Bog | -73.000000 | -50.466667 | South America | 200 | Raw | Bog | 37 | AWI | -0.068 | 10.787 | Peatbog in valley east Moreno Gl.lookout. Physiography: glacier carved valley. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus pumilio forest. | Mercer, J.H. and Ager, T.A., 1983. Glacial and floral changes in southern Argentina since 14,000 years ago. National Geographic Society Research Reports, 15, pp.457-477. | |||||||||
| NEVADASA | Neotoma | 1737 | 1795 | Nevado Sabancaya | -71.083333 | -16.216667 | South America | 4300 | Raw | Lake | 15 | AWI | 8.560 | 10.918 | NA | ||||||||||
| PEDEN2 | Neotoma | 1817 | 1880 | Puerto Eden | -74.416667 | -49.133333 | South America | 50 | Raw | Peat | 24 | AWI | -0.069 | 17.344 | Bog behind moraines. Physiography: Chilean Channels. Surrounding vegetation: moorland/temp. rainforest. | Ashworth, A.C., Markgraf, V. and Villagran, C., 1991. Late Quaternary climatic history of the Chilean Channels based on fossil pollen and beetle analyses, with an analysis of the modern vegetation and pollen rain. Journal of Quaternary Science, 6(4), pp.279-291. | doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060403 | ||||||||
| PGRANDE | Neotoma | 1828 | 1892 | Poco Grande | -48.866667 | -26.416667 | South America | 10 | Raw | Lake | 41 | AWI | -0.039 | 5.698 | Deposits of lake sediments and peat bog. Physiography: coastal lowland. Surrounding vegetation: Atlantic lowland rain forest. | Behling, H., 1993. Untersuchungen zur spatpleistozanen und holozanen Vegetations- und Klimageschichte der tropischen Kustenwalder und der Araukarienwalder in Santa Catarina (Sudbrasilien). Dissertationes Botanicae 206. J Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart, Germany (in German). | Behling, H., 1995. Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of vegetation and climate in Santa Catarina (S Brazil). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 4(3), pp.127-152. | doi:10.1007/BF00203932 | |||||||
| PIEDRABL | Neotoma | 1830 | 1894 | Paramo de Piedras Blancas | -70.833333 | 9.166667 | South America | 4080 | Raw | Peat | 30 | AWI | -0.044 | 1.154 | Peat bog in superparamo vegetation. Physiography: glacial cirque. Surrounding vegetation: superparamo with Coespeletia. | Rull, V., Salgado-Labouriau, M.L., Schubert, C. and Valastro Jr, S., 1987. Late Holocene temperature depression in the Venezuelan Andes: Palynological evidence. Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 60, pp.109-121. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(87)90027-7 | ||||||||
| POCTAY12 | Neotoma | 1894 | 1958 | Canal de la Puntilla | -72.905000 | -40.952500 | South America | 120 | Raw | Peat | 16 | AWI | 14.025 | 16.363 | Fen in abandoned spillway. Physiography: Big moraines surrounding a flat surface. Surrounding vegetation: Farmland. | Moreno, P.I., 1997. Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 9500 14C yr BP. Journal of Quaternary Science, 12(6), pp.485-500. | doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199711/12)12:6<485::AID-JQS330>3.0.CO;2-4 | Moreno, P.I., Lowell, T.V., Jacobson Jr, G.L. and Denton, G.H., 1999. Abrupt vegetation and climate changes during the last glacial maximumand last termination in the chilean lake district: a case study from canal de la puntilla (41 s). Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 81(2), pp.285-311. | doi:10.1111/1468-0459.00059 | Moreno, P.I., 1993. Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District. Master's thesis. University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA. | |||||
| PRIMAVER | Neotoma | 1910 | 1976 | Primavera | -71.183333 | -40.666667 | South America | 800 | Raw | Cave | 6 | AWI | 1.501 | 4.795 | Cave in andesitic rock formation. Physiography: rock spire near fullglacial endmoraine. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus antarctica shrub/steppe. | Markgraf, V., Betancourt, J. and Rylander, K., 1996. Amberat middens from Rio Limay, Neuquen Province, Argentina. | |||||||||
| RAHUE | Neotoma | 1948 | 2017 | Rahue | -70.933333 | -39.366667 | South America | 1000 | Raw | Peat | 10 | AWI | 28.875 | 37.306 | Outcrop in Sierra Catan Lil above Rahue. Physiography: diatomites and peats. Surrounding vegetation: steppe with Rhamnaceae shrubs. | Markgraf, V., Bradbury, J.P. and Fernandez, J., 1986. Bajada de Rahue, Province of Neuquen, Argentina: an interstadial deposit in northern Patagonia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 56(3-4), pp.251-258. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(86)90097-0 | ||||||||
| RIOKALUY | Neotoma | 1994 | 2069 | Rio Kaluyo | -68.133333 | -16.433333 | South America | 4070 | Raw | Peat | 14 | AWI | 0.080 | 11.661 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| SAJAMA1 | Neotoma | 2244 | 2323 | Sajama | -68.883333 | -18.166667 | South America | 4250 | Raw | Peat | 15 | AWI | -0.065 | 4.903 | NA | Ybert, J.P. and Miranda, Y., 1984. Analisis palinologico de un corte del Sajama. Actas II Congreso Geologico Bolivia, pp.691-694 (in Spanish). | |||||||||
| SALADO | Neotoma | 2247 | 2326 | Salado | -69.750000 | -35.333333 | South America | 3200 | Raw | Peat | 19 | AWI | -0.039 | 4.835 | Bog in the upper Ao. Yaucha/L. Diamante. Physiography: volcanic region, glaciated. Surrounding vegetation: high Andean grassland. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| SALILC3 | Neotoma | 2248 | 2327 | Lagoa Campestre de Salitre | -46.766667 | -19.000000 | South America | 980 | Raw | Peat | 78 | AWI | 2.172 | 67.388 | Peat bog in a depression. Physiography: depression. Surrounding vegetation: semideciduous forest/dry forest. | Ledru, M.P., 1992. Modifications de la vegetation du Bresil Central entre la derniere epoque glaciaire et l'interglaciaire actuel. Comptes Rendus de la Academie des Sciences de Paris Serie II, 314, pp.117-123 (in French). | Ledru, M.P., 1993. Late Quaternary environmental and climatic changes in central Brazil. Quaternary research, 39(1), pp.90-98. | doi:10.1006/qres.1993.1011 | Ledru, M.P., Behling, H., Fournier, M., Martin, L. and Servant, M., 1994. Localisation de la foret d'Araucaria du Bresil au cours de l'Holocene. Implications paleoclimatiques. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie 3, Sciences de la vie, 317(6), pp.517-521 (in French). | ||||||
| SALINA2 | Neotoma | 2249 | 2328 | Salina 2 | -69.333333 | -32.250000 | South America | 2000 | Raw | Peat | 15 | AWI | 0.066 | 7.421 | Peat mound near playa Uspallata Valley. Physiography: bajadas with spring mounds. Surrounding vegetation: Monte desert with Larrea divaricata. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| SRRASTRO | Neotoma | 2509 | 2594 | Serra do Rio Rastro | -49.550000 | -28.550000 | South America | 1420 | Raw | Peat | 30 | AWI | 0.623 | 13.068 | Peat bog. Physiography: next to the steep escarpment. Surrounding vegetation: grassland. | Behling, H., 1993. Untersuchungen zur spatpleistozanen und holozanen Vegetations-und Klimageschichte der tropischen Kustenwalder und der Araukarienwalder in Santa Catarina (Sudbrasilien). Dissertationes Botanicae 206. J Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart, Germany. | Behling, H., 1995. Investigations into the Late Pleistocene and Holocene history of vegetation and climate in Santa Catarina (S Brazil). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 4(3), pp.127-152. | doi:10.1007/BF00203932 | |||||||
| TEMPANOS | Neotoma | 2545 | 2635 | Tempano Sur | -74.033333 | -48.733333 | South America | 10 | Raw | Peat | 8 | AWI | 11.831 | 13.200 | Section meltwater channel S Temp. fjord. Physiography: Chilean Channels near glacier mouth. Surrounding vegetation: temperate rainforest and moorland. | Ashworth, A.C. and Markgraf, V., 1989. Climate of the Chilean Channels between 11,000 and 10,000 yr BP based on fossil beetle and pollen analyses. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 62, pp.61-74. | |||||||||
| TUMBRE1 | Neotoma | 2572 | 2665 | Tumbre 1 | -67.783333 | -23.316667 | South America | 3920 | Raw | Peat | 17 | AWI | 0.184 | 8.252 | NA | Ybert, J.P. and Miranda, Y., 1984. Analisis palinologico de un corte del Sajama. Actas II Congreso Geologico Bolivia, pp.691-694 (in Spanish). | |||||||||
| VACALAUQ | Neotoma | 2802 | 2899 | Mallin Vaca Lauquen | -71.048505 | -36.858050 | South America | 1450 | Raw | Peat | 36 | AWI | -0.068 | 12.389 | Site is a seasonally inundated wet meadow on the east side of the Andes. Modern vegitation is impoverished high-elevation bunchgrass steppe with Festuca pallescens and shrubs in the families Asteraceae (Baccharis ssp., Chiliotrichium rosmarinifolium, Chuquiraga ssp., Mutisia ssp., Perezia ssp.) and Rhamnaceae (Colletia spinosissima), as well as Berberis rosmarinifolia, Ephedra frustillata and Eryngium paniculatum (Apiaceae). Native herbs include Osmorhiza berteroi (Apiaceae), Calceolaria biflora (Scrophulariaceae), Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) and Phacelia sp. (Hydrophyllaceae), among others. Introduced herbs include Rumex acetosella and Plantago lanceolata. The mountain slopes are covered by the northernmost extent of southern beech (Nothofagus) forest, which is occurs to treeline at 1700 m elevation. Nothofagus obliqua dominates lower elevation forests, while N. pumilio and N. antarctica grow at higher elevations, forming a krummholz belt above the treeline in the transition zone to the Andean tundra. N. antarctica also grows on poor soils at all elevations. Few Austrocedrus chilensis trees grow at lower elevations, and burnt and dead trees of Nothofagus obliqua in the watershed offer abundant evidence of fires in recent times. | Markgraf, V., 1987. Paleoenvironmental changes at the northern limit of the subantarctic Nothofagus forest, latitude 37 S, Argentina. Quaternary Research, 28(1), pp.119-129. | doi:10.1016/0033-5894(87)90037-8 | ||||||||
| VALAVICT | Neotoma | 2804 | 2901 | Valle Laguna Victoria | -70.791667 | 8.808333 | South America | 3250 | Raw | River | 15 | AWI | -0.053 | 16.240 | NA | ||||||||||
| CURUCAB | Neotoma | 526 | 3074 | Lagoa da Curuca | -47.850000 | -0.766667 | South America | 35 | Raw | Lake | 25 | AWI | -0.048 | 11.054 | Lake. Physiography: isolated lake, 15 km from the Atlantic. Surrounding vegetation: Amazon rain forest. | Behling, H., 1996. First report on new evidence for the occurrence of Podocarpus and possible human presence at the mouth of the Amazon during the Late-glacial. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 5(3), pp.241-246. | doi:10.1007/BF00217501 | ||||||||
| MTBLANCO | Neotoma | 1717 | 3494 | Monte Blanco | -67.350000 | -17.025000 | South America | 4780 | Raw | Peat | 32 | AWI | 0.950 | 9.521 | NA | Graf, K., 1992. Pollendiagramme aus den Anden: Eine Synthese zur Klimageschichte und Vegetationsentwicklung seit der letzten Eiszeit. Physische Geographie 34. Universitat Zurich-Irchel, Geographisches Institut, Zurich, Switzerland (in German). | |||||||||
| POCTAY13 | Neotoma | 1894 | 3557 | Canal de la Puntilla | -72.905000 | -40.952500 | South America | 120 | Raw | Peat | 95 | AWI | 1.017 | 23.460 | Fen in abandoned spillway. Physiography: Big moraines surrounding a flat surface. Surrounding vegetation: Farmland. | Moreno, P.I., 1993. Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District. Master's thesis. University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA. | |||||||||
| SALILC91 | Neotoma | 2248 | 3610 | Lagoa Campestre de Salitre | -46.766667 | -19.000000 | South America | 980 | Raw | Peat | 21 | AWI | -0.002 | 5.793 | Peat bog in a depression. Physiography: depression. Surrounding vegetation: semideciduous forest/dry forest. | Ledru, M.P., 1992. Modifications de la vegetation du Bresil Central entre la derniere epoque glaciaire et l'interglaciaire actuel. Comptes Rendus de la Academie des Sciences de Paris Serie II, 314, pp.117-123. | Ledru, M.P., 1993. Late Quaternary environmental and climatic changes in central Brazil. Quaternary research, 39(1), pp.90-98. | doi:10.1006/qres.1993.1011 | Ledru, M.P., Behling, H., Fournier, M., Martin, L. and Servant, M., 1994. Localisation de la foret d'Araucaria du Bresil au cours de l'Holocene. Implications paleoclimatiques. Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie 3, Sciences de la vie, 317(6), pp.517-521. | ||||||
| GRANJA | Neotoma | 9685 | 14264 | Laguna Granja | -63.709895 | -13.262920 | South America | 138 | Raw | Lake | 32 | AWI | -0.024 | 6.073 | Oxbow lake 300 m from the modern San Martin River. Upland vegetation: seasonal southern Amazonian rainforest; immediate vegetation is riverine forest dominated by Vochysia mapirensis and Buchenavia oxycarpa; wider region dominated by closed-canopy terra firme evergreen rainforest, which is degraded by modern anthropogenic disturbance to a distance of 5 km from the lake. Littoral margins of the lake dominated by floating mats of aquatic vegetation, including Marsilea polycarpa and Eichhornia azurea. The ring-ditch archaeological site Granja del Padre lies 100 m from the eastern shore of the lake. | Carson, J.F., Whitney, B.S., Mayle, F.E., Iriarte, J., Prumers, H., Soto, J.D. and Watling, J., 2014. Environmental impact of geometric earthwork construction in pre-Columbian Amazonia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(29), pp.10497-10502. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1321770111 | ||||||||
| ORICORE | Neotoma | 9686 | 14266 | Laguna Oricore | -63.524160 | -13.344760 | South America | 139 | Raw | Lake | 30 | AWI | -0.052 | 5.772 | Large, shallow, flat-bottomed lake in the Beni Basin. Upland vegetation: seasonal southern Amazonian rainforest; the Beni Basin is seasonally inundated savanna mosaic. Terra firma pre-Cambrian shield outcrops at the northeast margin of the lake and lies 3 km north of the lake. The terra firma is covered with evergreen humid rainforest. | Carson, J.F., Whitney, B.S., Mayle, F.E., Iriarte, J., Prumers, H., Soto, J.D. and Watling, J., 2014. Environmental impact of geometric earthwork construction in pre-Columbian Amazonia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(29), pp.10497-10502. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1321770111 | ||||||||
| CONDOR | Neotoma | 10049 | 15061 | Laguna del Condor | -71.288765 | -42.350215 | South America | 818 | Raw | Lake | 71 | AWI | 0.071 | 10.036 | Moraine dammed lake near the terminal Pleistocene moraines. Located within the transition from open Austrocedrus chilensis woodland to steppe. | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Villarosa, G. and Outes, V., 2012. Holocene climate variability and environmental history at the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone: Lago Mosquito (4229'37.89\S, 7124'14.57\W) and Laguna del Condor (4220'47.22\S, 7117'07.62\W). The Holocene, 22(11), pp.1297-1307. | doi:10.1177/0959683611427330 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | |||
| MOSQUITO | Neotoma | 10059 | 15101 | Lago Mosquito | -71.397075 | -42.488745 | South America | 556 | Raw | Lake | 155 | AWI | 0.086 | 9.332 | Located in a glacial valley near the terminal Pleistocene moraines, but dammed by aluvial fans emanating from tributary valleys. Located within the transition from open Austrocedrus chilensis woodland to steppe. | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Bartlein, P.J., Markgraf, V., Marlon, J., Walsh, M. and McCoy, N., 2006. Postglacial vegetation, climate, and fire history along the east side of the Andes (lat 41-42.5 S), Argentina. Quaternary Research, 66(2), pp.187-201. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.04.004 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Villarosa, G. and Outes, V., 2012. Holocene climate variability and environmental history at the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone: Lago Mosquito (4229'37.89\S, 7124'14.57\W) and Laguna del Condor (4220'47.22\S, 7117'07.62\W). The Holocene, 22(11), pp.1297-1307. | doi:10.1177/0959683611427330 | |
| HUALAHUE | Neotoma | 10060 | 15103 | Lago Huala Hue | -71.507110 | -41.510745 | South America | 849 | Raw | Lake | 54 | AWI | 0.075 | 12.701 | Lake dammed by a glacial delta associated with late-Pleistocene meltwater from ice complexes from the north. Surrounding vegetation Nothofagus dombeyi-Austrocedrus forest. | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Villarosa, G. and Outes, V., 2012. Climate and local controls of long-term vegetation dynamics in northern Patagonia (Lat 41 S). Quaternary Research, 78(3), pp.502-512. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2012.07.004 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | |||
| PADRE | Neotoma | 10063 | 15115 | Laguna Padre Laguna | -71.508800 | -41.359585 | South America | 880 | Raw | Lake | 44 | AWI | -0.060 | 4.907 | Lake dammed by a postglacial alluvial fan. Surrounding vegetation Nothofagus dombeyi-Austrocedrus forest. | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Villarosa, G. and Outes, V., 2012. Climate and local controls of long-term vegetation dynamics in northern Patagonia (Lat 41 S). Quaternary Research, 78(3), pp.502-512. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2012.07.004 | |||
| THEOBALD | Neotoma | 10071 | 15130 | Lago Theobald | -71.561275 | -43.436020 | South America | 640 | Raw | Lake | 61 | AWI | -0.051 | 12.280 | Glacial scour lake. Modern vegetation mixture of Nothofagus, Austrocedrus, and steppe taxa. | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | |||||
| TREBOL | Neotoma | 10072 | 15132 | Laguna el Trebol | -71.493525 | -41.070335 | South America | 758 | Raw | Lake | 65 | AWI | 0.178 | 22.588 | Surrounded by closed forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi and lesser amounts of Austrocedrus chilensis | Iglesias, V., 2013. Holocene climate-vegetation-fire linkages along the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43S). Doctoral dissertation. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. | Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2014. Fire responses to postglacial climate change and human impact in northern Patagonia (41-43 S). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(51), pp.E5545-E5554. | doi:10.1073/pnas.1410443111 | Iglesias, V., Whitlock, C., Markgraf, V. and Bianchi, M.M., 2014. Postglacial history of the Patagonian forest/steppe ecotone (41-43 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 94, pp.120-135. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.014 | Whitlock, C., Bianchi, M.M., Bartlein, P.J., Markgraf, V., Marlon, J., Walsh, M. and McCoy, N., 2006. Postglacial vegetation, climate, and fire history along the east side of the Andes (lat 41-42.5 S), Argentina. Quaternary Research, 66(2), pp.187-201. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.04.004 | |||
| Pacucha | Neotoma | 10130 | 15247 | Laguna de Pacucha | -73.318315 | -13.612275 | South America | 3110 | Raw | Lake | 127 | AWI | -0.067 | 24.828 | Lago Pacucha lies in an unglaciated section of the central valley of the Peruvian Andes. Surrounding vegetation: Cultivated fields, Eucalyptus plantations, limited native vegetation. Native vegetation would have been Andean cloud forest. | Hillyer, R., Valencia, B.G., Bush, M.B., Silman, M.R. and Steinitz-Kannan, M., 2009. A 24,700-yr paleolimnological history from the Peruvian Andes. Quaternary Research, 71(1), pp.71-82. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.06.006 | Valencia, B.G., Urrego, D.H., Silman, M.R. and Bush, M.B., 2010. From ice age to modern: a record of landscape change in an Andean cloud forest. Journal of Biogeography, 37(9), pp.1637-1647. | doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02318.x | ||||||
| ELJUNCO | Neotoma | 10131 | 15250 | Laguna El Junco | -89.480040 | -0.895295 | South America | 679 | Raw | Lake | 249 | AWI | -0.042 | 1.459 | El Junco is a crater lake and the only permanent freshwater lake on the islands. Surrounding vegetation: Xeric scrub at elevations 50 m, Bursera forests disappear, while the shrub Croton scouleri increases in importance. Hippomane mancinella, Piscidia carthagenesis, and Pisonia floribunda are common trees found from coastal elevations to 100 m. At elevations >500 m the shrub Miconia robinsoniana and the ferns Cyathea weatherbyana and Pteridium aquilinum remain important components. A number of introduced species dominate the landscape above 150 m, notably Psidium guajava, Rubus niveus, Syzygium jambos, and a variety of nonnative grasses. | Restrepo, A., Colinvaux, P., Bush, M., Correa-Metrio, A., Conroy, J., Gardener, M.R., Jaramillo, P., Steinitz-Kannan, M. and Overpeck, J., 2012. Impacts of climate variability and human colonization on the vegetation of the Galapagos Islands. Ecology, 93(8), pp.1853-1866. | doi:10.1890/11-1545.1 | ||||||||
| HARBERT | Neotoma | 10136 | 15259 | Harberton | -67.296730 | -54.870655 | South America | 20 | Raw | Bog | 143 | AWI | -0.037 | 15.956 | Raised Sphagnum magellanicum bog, which accumulated in a topographic depression next to a creek. Surrounding vegetation: Nothofagus betuloides-Nothofagus pumilio forest. | Markgraf, V. and Kenny, R., 1997. Character of rapid vegetation and climate change during the late glacial in southernmost South America. In: Past and future rapid environmental changes: the spatial and evolutionary responses of terrestrial biota (pp.81-90). Springer, Berlin, Germany. | Markgraf, V., 1991. Younger Dryas in southern South America?. Boreas, 20(1), pp.63-69. | doi:10.1111/j.1502-3885.1991.tb00459.x | Markgraf, V., 1993. Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 102(1-2), pp.53-68. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4 | Markgraf, V., 1993. Younger Dryas in southernmost South America-an update. Quaternary Science Reviews, 12(5), pp.351-355. | doi:10.1016/0277-3791(93)90043-L | Pendall, E., Markgraf, V., White, J.W., Dreier, M. and Kenny, R., 2001. Multiproxy record of late Pleistocene-Holocene climate and vegetation changes from a peat bog in Patagonia. Quaternary Research, 55(2), pp.168-178. | doi:10.1006/qres.2000.2206 | |
| RIORUBEN | Neotoma | 10161 | 15306 | Rio Rubens Bog | -71.876140 | -52.037140 | South America | 220 | Raw | Peat | 146 | AWI | -0.045 | 16.924 | Ombrotrophic peat bog, located east of the Andean cordillera in the Chilean part of southern Patagonia. Site lies in a meltwater channel outside the Late Glacial Macimum Bog is dominated by the dwarf shrub Empetrum rubrum and the moss Polytrichum strictum. Site is situated at the steppe-forest ecotone. The original Nothofagus pumilio forests have been largely replaced by open Nothofagus antarctica and N. pumilio woodlands, Chiliotrichium diffusum shrub, and grasslands. | Huber, U.M. and Markgraf, V., 2003. Holocene fire frequency and climate change at Rio Rubens Bog, southern Patagonia. In: Fire and climatic change in temperate ecosystems of the western Americas ed. by T.T. Veblen, W.L. Baker, G. Montenegro, and T.W. Swetnam (pp. 357-380). Springer, New York, USA. | doi:10.1007/0-387-21710-X_13 | Huber, U.M. and Markgraf, V., 2003. European impact on fire regimes and vegetation dynamics at the steppe-forest ecotone of southern Patagonia. The Holocene, 13(4), pp.567-579. | doi:10.1191/0959683603hl647rp | Huber, U.M., Markgraf, V. and Schabitz, F., 2004. Geographical and temporal trends in Late Quaternary fire histories of Fuego-Patagonia, South America. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23(9-10), pp.1079-1097. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.002 | Markgraf, V. and Huber, U.M., 2010. Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 297(2), pp.351-366. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.013 | ||
| POLLUX | Neotoma | 10175 | 15331 | Mallin Pollux | -71.837945 | -45.688590 | South America | 640 | Raw | Fen | 91 | AWI | -0.060 | 17.629 | Sedge fen located behind a low ridge a few meters above the southeastern shore of Lago Pollux. A dense shrub belt of Nothofagus antarctica and Escallonia rubra covers the drier areas of the fen. Native Nothofagus pumilio forest has been mostly cleared and converted to pastureland. | Markgraf, V., Whitlock, C. and Haberle, S., 2007. Vegetation and fire history during the last 18,000 cal yr BP in Southern Patagonia: Mallin Pollux, Coyhaique, Province Aisen (4541'30\ S, 7150'30\ W, 640 m elevation). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 254(3-4), pp.492-507. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.07.008 | ||||||||
| CHOCHOS | Neotoma | 10194 | 15366 | Laguna de Chochos | -77.474705 | -7.635095 | South America | 3285 | Raw | Lake | 64 | Neotoma 1 | 0.083 | 16.020 | Moraine dammed lake that lies on the eastern flang of the eastern cordillera of the northern Peruvian Andes. The lake is partially encircled by timberline forest and is situated in an ecotone, with tropical alpine vegetation (known locally as paramo or puna). Within these grasslands are tussock-forming Calamagrostis, Cortaderia, and Festuca, with poorly drained areas dominated by sedges (Carex, Isolepis, Oreobolus, Scirpus, Uncinia). The lake has abundant submerged Isoetes lechleri. | Bush, M.B., Hansen, B.C., Rodbell, D.T., Seltzer, G.O., Young, K.R., Leon, B., Abbott, M.B., Silman, M.R. and Gosling, W.D., 2005. A 17000-year history of Andean climate and vegetation change from Laguna de Chochos, Peru. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 20(7-8), pp.703-714. | doi:10.1002/jqs.983 | ||||||||
| Chorreras | Neotoma | 10442 | 15955 | Laguna Chorreras | -79.160025 | -2.770280 | South America | 3771 | Raw | Lake | 52 | AWI | 0.035 | 18.200 | Lake is dammed by a terminal moraine in a narrow valley branching off the Tomebamba River Valley. The lake is bordered to the north and south by patches of forest dominated by Polylepis, Clethra, Gynoxys. and Miconia To the east lies a wetland area with Azorella, Hypericum, and Cyperaceae. Tussock grass paramo, where unoccupied by forest patches, dominates the regionallandscape. | Hansen, B.C.S., Rodbell, D.T., Seltzer, G.O., Leon, B., Young, K.R. and Abbott, M., 2003. Late-glacial and Holocene vegetational history from two sites in the western Cordillera of southwestern Ecuador. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 194(1-3), pp.79-108. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00272-4 | ||||||||
| PALLCHA | Neotoma | 11592 | 17366 | Laguna Pallcacocha | -79.233315 | -2.770560 | South America | 4060 | Raw | Lake | 34 | AWI | 9.612 | 15.162 | Cirque lake at the head of the Tomebamba River Valley. Vegetation intermittant grass clumps and herbs such as Gentiana, Bartsia, and Huperzia, with patches of Polylepis forest. | Hansen, B.C.S., Rodbell, D.T., Seltzer, G.O., Leon, B., Young, K.R. and Abbott, M., 2003. Late-glacial and Holocene vegetational history from two sites in the western Cordillera of southwestern Ecuador. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 194(1-3), pp.79-108. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00272-4 | ||||||||
| YEHUIN | Neotoma | 11593 | 17368 | Yehuin | -67.750000 | -54.333333 | South America | 100 | Raw | Bog | 27 | AWI | 0.472 | 11.591 | Sphagnum magellanicum bog on distal end moraines in the northeastern foothills of the Andies. Surrounding vegetation: steppe/Nothofagus forest transition with Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica. | Markgraf, V., 1983. Late and postglacial vegetational and paleoclimatic changes in subantarctic, temperate, and arid environments in Argentina. Palynology, 7(1), pp.43-70. | doi:10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252 | ||||||||
| GARIBALD | Neotoma | 11594 | 17371 | Paso Garibaldi | -67.833333 | -54.716667 | South America | 550 | Raw | Bog | 58 | AWI | -0.057 | 13.454 | Sphagnum magellanicum bog located in the Nothofagus pumilio-N. antarctica krummholz zone ~100 m below treeline. | Markgraf, V., 1993. Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 102(1-2), pp.53-68. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4 | Markgraf, V. and Huber, U.M., 2010. Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 297(2), pp.351-366. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.013 | ||||||
| SERRUCHO | Neotoma | 11799 | 17873 | Cordon Serrucho Norte wetland | -71.428800 | -41.751840 | South America | 995 | Raw | Wetland | 100 | AWI | -0.045 | 16.098 | Wetland lies within the North Patagonian fold-and-thrust belt in a narrow longitudinal depression on the southwest facing slope of the mountain range. Surface vegetation Scirpus and Empetrum nigrum with Sphagnum magellanicum hummocks in small areas. Stands of Nothofagus antarctica, Pilgerodendron uviferum, and Fitzroya cupressoides occur around the edges. Post-fire stands of Nothofagus dombeyi and Austrocedrus chilensis occur on slopes above and below the wetland. | Markgraf, V., Iglesias, V. and Whitlock, C., 2013. Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history from Cordon Serrucho Norte, northern Patagonia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 371, pp.109-118. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.023 | ||||||||
| CONSUELO1 | Neotoma | 11877 | 17995 | Lake Consuelo | -68.991250 | -13.950765 | South America | 1360 | Raw | Lake | 108 | AWI | 5.366 | 44.793 | Lake Consuelo is constantly immersed in ground-level clouds on most days and sits at 1360 m asl, 2500 m down slope from the Bolivian Altiplano and Lake Titicaca. The lake is located within a small, closed basin with moderately steep slopes that result in thin soils with duff layers thickening above 1400 m asl. Lake Consuelo is located very close to the Manu super-humid region identified by Killeen et al., (2007) as biodiversity hotspots. | Urrego, D.H., Bush, M.B. and Silman, M.R., 2010. A long history of cloud and forest migration from Lake Consuelo, Peru. Quaternary Research, 73(2), pp.364-373. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.005 | ||||||||
| CONSUELO2 | Neotoma | 11877 | 18051 | Lake Consuelo | -68.991250 | -13.950765 | South America | 1360 | Raw | Lake | 19 | AWI | 0.317 | 5.577 | Lake Consuelo is constantly immersed in ground-level clouds on most days and sits at 1360 m asl, 2500 m down slope from the Bolivian Altiplano and Lake Titicaca. The lake is located within a small, closed basin with moderately steep slopes that result in thin soils with duff layers thickening above 1400 m asl. Lake Consuelo is located very close to the Manu super-humid region identified by Killeen et al., (2007) as biodiversity hotspots. | Urrego Sanchez, D.H., 2006. Long-term vegetation and climate change in western Amazonia. Doctoral dissertation. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA. | Urrego, D.H., Bush, M.B. and Silman, M.R., 2010. A long history of cloud and forest migration from Lake Consuelo, Peru. Quaternary Research, 73(2), pp.364-373. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.10.005 | |||||||
| VAL77 | Neotoma | 11923 | 18100 | Lake Valencia | -67.737365 | 10.183485 | South America | 410 | Raw | Lake | 49 | AWI | 0.045 | 15.913 | Large graben. Physiography: valley between coastal mountains. Surrounding vegetation: savanna, crops and seral vegetation. | Leyden, B.W., 1982. Late-Quaternary and Holocene history of the Lake Valencia Basin, Venezuela. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA. | Bradbury, J.P., Leyden, B., Salgado-Labouriau, M., Lewis, W.M., Schubert, C., Binford, M.W., Frey, D.G., Whitehead, D.R. and Weibezahn, F.H., 1981. Late quaternary environmental history of Lake Valencia, Venezuela. Science, 214(4527), pp.1299-1305. | doi:10.1126/science.214.4527.1299 | Leyden, B.W., 1985. Late Quaternary aridity and Holocene moisture fluctuations in the Lake Valencia basin, Venezuela. Ecology, 66(4), pp.1279-1295. | doi:10.2307/1939181 | |||||
| VLNOASH | Neotoma | 2802 | 18104 | Mallin Vaca Lauquen | -71.048505 | -36.858050 | South America | 1450 | Raw | Meadow | 71 | AWI | -0.029 | 16.259 | Site is a seasonally inundated wet meadow on the east side of the Andes. Modern vegitation is impoverished high-elevation bunchgrass steppe with Festuca pallescens and shrubs in the families Asteraceae (Baccharis ssp., Chiliotrichium rosmarinifolium, Chuquiraga ssp., Mutisia ssp., Perezia ssp.) and Rhamnaceae (Colletia spinosissima), as well as Berberis rosmarinifolia, Ephedra frustillata and Eryngium paniculatum (Apiaceae). Native herbs include Osmorhiza berteroi (Apiaceae), Calceolaria biflora (Scrophulariaceae), Quinchamalium chilense (Santalaceae) and Phacelia sp. (Hydrophyllaceae), among others. Introduced herbs include Rumex acetosella and Plantago lanceolata. The mountain slopes are covered by the northernmost extent of southern beech (Nothofagus) forest, which is occurs to treeline at 1700 m elevation. Nothofagus obliqua dominates lower elevation forests, while N. pumilio and N. antarctica grow at higher elevations, forming a krummholz belt above the treeline in the transition zone to the Andean tundra. N. antarctica also grows on poor soils at all elevations. Few Austrocedrus chilensis trees grow at lower elevations, and burnt and dead trees of Nothofagus obliqua in the watershed offer abundant evidence of fires in recent times. | Markgraf, V., Whitlock, C., Anderson, R.S. and Garcia, A., 2009. Late Quaternary vegetation and fire history in the northernmost Nothofagus forest region: Mallin Vaca Lauquen, Neuquen Province, Argentina. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 24(3), pp.248-258. | doi:10.1002/jqs.1233 | ||||||||
| CAR982L | Neotoma | 11932 | 18123 | Lago Cardiel | -71.225440 | -48.918535 | South America | 276 | Raw | Lake | 46 | AWI | 0.007 | 10.338 | The lake lies in an endorheic basin on the Patagonian Plateau between the Andean Cordillera and the Atlantic coast. Present-day vegetation is Patagonian steppe-scrub, with patches of tall shrubs in the valley bottoms (Schinus patagonicus, Berberis empetrifolia, Lycium chilense and Verbena tridens). Exposed mud flats around the lake margin are covered by dense growth of Amaranthaceae and other weedy taxa, some of European origin. Subantarctic Nothofagus antarctica woodland and Nothofagus pumilio forest grow on the higher-elevation mountains about 50 km to the northwest beyond the lake catchment. | Markgraf, V., Bradbury, J.P., Schwalb, A., Burns, S.J., Stern, C., Ariztegui, D., Gilli, A., Anselmetti, F.S., Stine, S. and Maidana, N., 2003. Holocene palaeoclimates of southern Patagonia: limnological and environmental history of Lago Cardiel, Argentina. The Holocene, 13(4), pp.581-591. | doi:10.1191/0959683603hl648rp | ||||||||
| MAULE | Neotoma | 13289 | 19817 | Laguna del Maule | -70.501410 | -36.053635 | South America | 2160 | Raw | Lake | 12 | AWI | -0.069 | 0.686 | Lake in a large caldera in the west-central Chilean Andes in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. Site is located in the transition zone between temperate semi-arid, summer warm and dry-cool high-mountain climate zones. Modern vegetation is high Andean Shrubland dominated by subshrubs and cushion species. A dam constructed in 1946-1958 raised water level 40 m, which increased volume from ~600,000 dam3 to 2,000,000 dam3. | Carrevedo, M.L., Frugone, M., Latorre, C., Maldonado, A., Bernardez, P., Prego, R., Cardenas, D. and Valero-Garces, B., 2015. A 700-year record of climate and environmental change from a high Andean lake: Laguna del Maule, central Chile (36S). The Holocene, 25(6), pp.956-972. | doi:10.1177/0959683615574584 | ||||||||
| CARIMAGUA | Neotoma | 13962 | 21533 | Laguna Carimagua | -71.330365 | 4.578520 | South America | 180 | Raw | Lake | 41 | AWI | -0.035 | 7.747 | Laguna Carimagua is an isolated, shallow lake lying in a relatively flat area in the central part of the Llanos Orientales, above the large river system of the Rio Meta in the north. Surrounding vegetation: savanna and gallery forest. The lake is surrounded by stands of Mauritiella and some Mauritia. At the. northern edge, the lake is surrounded by grassland, whereas the other parts of the lake are bordered by small patches of forest. | Behling, H. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1999. Environmental history of the Colombian savannas of the Llanos Orientales since the Last Glacial Maximum from lake records El Pinal and Carimagua. Journal of Paleolimnology, 21(4), pp.461-476. | doi:10.1023/A:1008051720473 | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H. and Van der Borg, K., 2000. Late Holocene history of savanna gallery forest from Carimagua area, Colombia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 111(3-4), pp.295-308. | doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00030-0 | ||||||
| CABOSQUE | Neotoma | 13963 | 21535 | Laguna Carimagua-Bosque | -71.327135 | 4.586500 | South America | 180 | Raw | Lake | 27 | Neotoma_DANS 1 | -0.046 | 1.032 | Laguna Carimagua lies in the Llanos Orientales. The lake is shallow, 1-2 m deep, and lies in a fluvial channel. The study area is characterized by 'bosque tipo morichal', and the main taxa are Mauritia flexuosa, Hedyosmum bonplandianum, Trichantera gigantea, Miconia scorpioides, Caraipa llanorum, Alchornea triplinervia, and species belonging to the genera Protium, Vochysia, and Cecropia. | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H. and Van der Borg, K., 2000. Late Holocene history of savanna gallery forest from Carimagua area, Colombia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 111(3-4), pp.295-308. | doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(00)00030-0 | ||||||||
| CHALALAN | Neotoma | 13964 | 21537 | Lake Chalalan | -67.920570 | -14.427930 | South America | 330 | Raw | Lake | 38 | AWI | -0.034 | 16.238 | The lake, which lies approximately 10 m above the modern level of Rio Tuichi, has an oval basin c. 900 m long by 500 m at its widest part. This steepsided lake reaches depths of 5 m within 5 m of the current shoreline. Secchi depth in Lake Chalalan is reached at c. 2 m, suggesting mesotrophic conditions. Surrounding modern vegetation is lowland evergreen forest dominated by Iriartea deltoidea, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Hura crepitans, Ceiba pentandra, Pentaplaris davidsmithii, and Cecropia spp. Located west of the rural community of Rurrenabaque in the Upper Beni River, in the Bolivian Amazon. Mean annual precipitation at Rurrenabaque is 2550 mm while mean annual temperature is 26C. | Urrego, D.H., Bush, M.B., Silman, M.R., Niccum, B.A., De La Rosa, P., McMichael, C.H., Hagen, S. and Palace, M., 2013. Holocene fires, forest stability and human occupation in south-western Amazonia. Journal of biogeography, 40(3), pp.521-533. | doi:10.1111/jbi.12016 | ||||||||
| ANGEL_neotoma | Neotoma | 13966 | 21541 | Laguna Angel | -70.538920 | 4.449370 | South America | 200 | Raw | Lake | 27 | AWI | -0.042 | 11.649 | Laguna Angel is a circular-shaped and shallow lake in a flat area between two rivers which are at least 5-10 km distant from the lake. | Behling, H. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1998. Late Quaternary palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology from pollen records of the savannas of the Llanos Orientales in Colombia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 139(3-4), pp.251-267. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00139-9 | ||||||||
| EL_PINAL | Neotoma | 13967 | 21543 | Laguna El Pinal | -71.455080 | 4.659645 | South America | 180 | Raw | Lake | 36 | AWI | -0.049 | 20.826 | Laguna El Pinal lies in a relatively flat area in the central part of the Llanos Orientales, above the large river system of the Rio Meta in the north. The lake is shallow, ~1.2 km long and ~300 m, and lies in the upper reaches of a modern stream channel, which may be an old channel of the Meta River. | Behling, H. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1999. Environmental history of the Colombian savannas of the Llanos Orientales since the Last Glacial Maximum from lake records El Pinal and Carimagua. Journal of Paleolimnology, 21(4), pp.461-476. | doi:10.1023/A:1008051720473 | ||||||||
| SARDINAS | Neotoma | 13968 | 21545 | Laguna Sardinas | -69.521195 | 4.970360 | South America | 80 | Raw | Lake | 46 | AWI | 0.027 | 13.465 | Fluvial origin lake in floodplain of the Rio Torno. Surrounding vegetation: savanna and gallery forest. | Behling, H. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1998. Late Quaternary palaeoecology and palaeoclimatology from pollen records of the savannas of the Llanos Orientales in Colombia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 139(3-4), pp.251-267. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00139-9 | ||||||||
| MOZAMBIQ | Neotoma | 13969 | 21549 | Laguna Mozambique | -73.052545 | 3.956185 | South America | 175 | Raw | Lake | 51 | AWI | 0.009 | 3.822 | A herb community dominated by Trachypogon vestitus and Axonopus purpusii occurs on seasonally inundated alluvial areas. On the well-drained higher plains, a grassy vegetation dominated by Paspalum pectinatum and Trachypogon occurs. The most important genera of the grass savanna are Adropogon, Aristida, Axonopus, Eragrostis, Paspalum and Ctenium. Characteristic shrubs are Clitoria, Miconia, Pavonia, Sida, Tibouchina and Waltheria. Characteristic low trees of higher stature are Byrsonima crassifolia, Curatella americana and Palicourea rigida. Dense gallery forest occurs along the river borders, and extends to areas that may have served as drainage channels in the past. | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H., Botero, P. and Van der Borg, K., 2002. Late-Quaternary savanna history of the Colombian Llanos Orientales from Lagunas Chenevo and Mozambique: a transect synthesis. The Holocene, 12(1), pp.35-48. | doi:10.1191/0959683602hl518rp | ||||||||
| CHENEVO | Neotoma | 13970 | 21551 | Laguna Chenevo | -71.440830 | 4.594080 | South America | 150 | Raw | Lake | 37 | AWI | -0.069 | 8.115 | Lake is located in a fluvial channel. A herb community dominated by Trachypogon vestitus and Axonopus purpusii occurs on seasonally inundated alluvial areas. On the well-drained higher plains, a grassy vegetation dominated by Paspalum pectinatum and Trachypogon occurs. The most important genera of the grass savanna are Adropogon, Aristida, Axonopus, Eragrostis, Paspalum and Ctenium. Characteristic shrubs are Clitoria, Miconia, Pavonia, Sida, Tibouchina and Waltheria. Characteristic low trees of higher stature are Byrsonima crassifolia, Curatella americana and Palicourea rigida. Dense gallery forest occurs along the river borders, and extends to areas that may have served as drainage channels in the past. | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H., Botero, P. and Van der Borg, K., 2002. Late-Quaternary savanna history of the Colombian Llanos Orientales from Lagunas Chenevo and Mozambique: a transect synthesis. The Holocene, 12(1), pp.35-48. | doi:10.1191/0959683602hl518rp | ||||||||
| LOMALIND | Neotoma | 13971 | 21553 | Laguna Loma Linda | -73.362030 | 3.302435 | South America | 233 | Raw | Lake | 67 | AWI | 0.120 | 9.806 | Naturally dammed lake. Rolling terrain. The lake is located in the contact zone between the savanna of the Llanos Orientales and the Amazonian rainforest. Large areas have been transformed into pasture land. A few patches of probable secondary forest and stands of Mauritia occur around the lake. | Behling, H. and Hooghiemstra, H., 2000. Holocene Amazon rainforest-savanna dynamics and climatic implications: high-resolution pollen record from Laguna Loma Linda in eastern Colombia. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 15(7), pp.687-695. | doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200010)15:7<687::AID-JQS551>3.0.CO;2-6 | ||||||||
| MARGARIT | Neotoma | 13972 | 21557 | Laguna Las Margaritas | -73.415815 | 3.367760 | South America | 240 | Raw | Lake | 190 | AWI | 0.315 | 11.134 | Shallow fluvial origin lake. Regional vegetation is open savanna in which trees occur mainly in gallery forest dominated by taxa in the families Burseraceae and Moraceae. Present-day vegetation is degraded due to human impact. Hilltops are covered with grass (dominant: Paspalum, Bulbostylis). Under undisturbed conditions, continuous cover of wet evergreen rainforest starts between 30 and 80 km from the site. Stands of Mauritia palm swamp forest occur around the lake in stagnant water. | Wille, M., Hooghiemstra, H., van Geel, B., Behling, H., de Jong, A. and van der Borg, K., 2003. Submillennium-scale migrations of the rainforest-savanna boundary in Colombia: 14C wiggle-matching and pollen analysis of core Las Margaritas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 193(2), pp.201-223. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00226-8 | ||||||||
| SANTROSA | Neotoma | 13976 | 21580 | Lake Santa Rosa | -67.873205 | -14.480930 | South America | 350 | Raw | Lake | 34 | AWI | 0.218 | 15.902 | The long, narrow lake lies on a terrace ~15 m above Rio Tiuchi in a sharply defined depression ~7-10 m deep, suggesting that its catchment area is fairly small relative to the water surface area. Bathymetrically, the lake slopes gently down from 1 to 6 m depth in about 2 km. A small farm located about 300 m from the northern shore, where crops and fruits are cultivated, is the only evident human disturbance in this landscape. The rest of the vegetation around the lake is forest dominated by Iriartea deltoidea, Mauritia flexuosa, Oenocarpus bataua, Hura crepitans, Ceiba pentandra, Pentaplaris davidsmithii, and Cecropia spp. Cyperaceae, Liliaceace, and Sagittaria grow as a narrow marsh around the lake. | Urrego, D.H., Bush, M.B., Silman, M.R., Niccum, B.A., De La Rosa, P., McMichael, C.H., Hagen, S. and Palace, M., 2013. Holocene fires, forest stability and human occupation in south-western Amazonia. Journal of biogeography, 40(3), pp.521-533. | doi:10.1111/jbi.12016 | ||||||||
| REFUGIO1 | Neotoma | 13981 | 21603 | Lake Refugio 1 | -71.708055 | -13.091745 | South America | 3401 | Raw | Lake | 31 | AWI | -0.063 | 18.556 | Glacail origin lake, probably moraine dammed. Native vegetation was Andean forest. Today is grazing lands with scattered forest relicts in wet areas and on fire-protected slopes. The modern tree line, or the upper altitudinal boundary of continuous forest, lies approximately 50 m downslope from the lakes. Poaceae, Asteraceae and scattered Blechnum dominate the grassland or puna vegetation. In the transitional vegetation between forest and grasslands, Weinmannia, Clethra, Blechnum, Alchemilla, Myrsine, Cavendishia, and Escallonia are common. Near the lake, Symplocos psiloclada dominants, along with Weinmannia fagaroides, Miconia setulosa, Clethra cuneata, and taxa from the families Ericaceae, Loganiaceae, Myrsinaceae and Celastraceae). Polylepis and Alnus do not occur near the lakes today. | Urrego, D.H., Niccum, B.A., La Drew, C.F., Silman, M.R. and Bush, M.B., 2011. Fire and drought as drivers of early Holocene tree line changes in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(1), pp.28-36. | doi:10.1002/jqs.1422 | ||||||||
| REFUGIO2 | Neotoma | 13982 | 21606 | Lake Refugio 2 | -71.705245 | -13.094780 | South America | 3406 | Raw | Lake | 18 | AWI | -0.063 | 19.804 | Glacail origin lake, probably moraine dammed. Native vegetation was Andean forest. Today is grazing lands with scattered forest relicts in wet areas and on fire-protected slopes. The modern tree line, or the upper altitudinal boundary of continuous forest, lies approximately 50 m downslope from the lakes. Poaceae, Asteraceae and scattered Blechnum dominate the grassland or puna vegetation. In the transitional vegetation between forest and grasslands, Weinmannia, Clethra, Blechnum, Alchemilla, Myrsine, Cavendishia, and Escallonia are common. Near the lake, Symplocos psiloclada dominants, along with Weinmannia fagaroides, Miconia setulosa, Clethra cuneata, and taxa from the families Ericaceae, Loganiaceae, Myrsinaceae and Celastraceae). Polylepis and Alnus do not occur near the lakes today. | Urrego, D.H., Niccum, B.A., La Drew, C.F., Silman, M.R. and Bush, M.B., 2011. Fire and drought as drivers of early Holocene tree line changes in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(1), pp.28-36. | doi:10.1002/jqs.1422 | ||||||||
| LOSBOBOS | Neotoma | 13989 | 21651 | Laguna de los Bobos | -72.766600 | 6.222105 | South America | 3815 | Raw | Lake | 22 | AWI | 0.032 | 5.882 | Laguna de los Bobos is a typical cirque-glacial lake, located on a small plane surrounded by rocks and steep slopes. Lake is near treeline. Dwarf 'forest' with Aragoa, Weinmannia, Rapanea and llex occurs in small valleys, hollows, and other protected sites to about 3800 m altitude. | van der Hammen, T., 1962. Palinologia de la region de \Laguna de los Bobos\: Historia de su clima, vegetacion y agricultura durante los ultimos 5.000 anos. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 11(44), pp.359-361 (in Spanish). | |||||||||
| PIUSBI | Neotoma | 13993 | 21665 | Laguna Piusbi [Laguna El Trueno] | -77.929800 | 1.883925 | South America | 100 | Raw | Lake | 57 | AWI | -0.055 | 7.309 | The lake is located in the Pacific lowlands of southwestern Colombia. Only small local rivers flow into the lake. A catastrophic earthquake event and/or mudflows might have played a role in forming the closed basin. | Urrego Giraldo, L.E. and Berrio M, J.C., 2011. Los estudios paleoecologicos en el Choco Biogeografico durante el Holoceno medio y reciente. In: Colombia Diversidad Biotica IV, El Choco biogeografico/Costa Pacifica ed. by J.O. Rangel (pp.23-28). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Conservacion Internacional, Bogota, DC, Colombia. | Behling, H., Hooghiemstra, H. and Negret, A.J., 1998. Holocene history of the Choco rain forest from Laguna Piusbi, Southern Pacific lowlands of Colombia. Quaternary Research, 50(3), pp.300-308. | doi:10.1006/qres.1998.1998 | |||||||
| TETA2 | Neotoma | 13997 | 21675 | La Teta-2 | -76.533300 | 3.083300 | South America | 1020 | Raw | Wetland | 39 | AWI | -0.066 | 9.865 | The La Teta wetland is located in the Cauca Valley near the foothills of the Western Cordillera. The mire probably formed within an inflled lake cut off from the main drainage system. Today, the Cauca Valley is presently almost completely deforested and crops of sugar cane dominate. The original vegetation was neotropical dry forest. | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Marchant, R. and Rangel, O., 2002. Late-glacial and Holocene history of the dry forest area in the south Colombian Cauca Valley. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 17(7), pp.667-682. | doi:10.1002/jqs.701 | ||||||||
| TIMBIO | Neotoma | 14000 | 21700 | Rio Timbio | -76.709410 | 2.365750 | South America | 1750 | Raw | Peat | 71 | AWI | 0.514 | 31.440 | The Rio Timbio coring site is located in the southern part of a saddleshaped area which forms a kind of high plain ('altiplanicie de Popayan'). The site is located in a swamp of ~60 m diameter in a small depression, as the coring site has been filled with organic-rich sediments. A small shallow creek crosses the depression from east to west. The catchment area extends only a few hundred meters from the coring site. The natural vegetation of the study area is almost completely replaced by commercial forestry, coffee plantations, and farmland. small patches of possibly secondary forest fringe the rivers. Natural vegetation was humid to very humid low montane forest. | Wille, M., 2001. Vegetation history and climate records of Colombian lowland areas: rain forest, savanna and intermontane ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Wille, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H., van der Borg, K. and Negret, A.J., 2001. Environmental change in the Colombian subandean forest belt from 8 pollen records: the last 50 kyr. Vegetation history and archaeobotany, 10(2), pp.61-77. | doi:10.1007/PL00006921 | Wille, M., Negret, J.A. and Hooghiemstra, H., 2000. Paleoenvironmental history of the Popayan area since 27 000 yr BP at Timbio, southern Colombia. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 109(1), pp.45-63. | doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00047-0 | |||||
| PVARGAS1 | Neotoma | 14001 | 21702 | Pantano de Vargas 1 | -73.067240 | 5.777890 | South America | 2488 | Raw | Peat | 119 | AWI | 2.564 | 9.969 | The surface of the sediments represent the floor of an ancient lake which received water from the Chicamocha River. The palaeo-lake and swamps were drained some 50 yr ago for agricultural development. The gulley of the former Chicamocha River, now a quiet water current, lies several meters below the surface of the lake sediments suggesting that the main stream line in the palaeolake had stabilized for a very long time while the remaining surface of the palaeolake accumulated sediments continuously. The area today is mostly agricultural. Natural vegetation was at the transition from subandean to andean forest. | Gomez, A., Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Becerra, M. and Marchant, R., 2007. A Holocene pollen record of vegetation change and human impact from Pantano de Vargas, an intra-Andean basin of Duitama, Colombia. Review of palaeobotany and palynology, 145(1-2), pp.143-157. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.10.002 | ||||||||
| LACOCHA3 | Neotoma | 14003 | 21706 | Laguna De La Cocha | -77.151575 | 1.079226 | South America | 2780 | Raw | Lake | 115 | AWI | -0.062 | 3.086 | La Cocha lies in a tectonic 'pull-apart' basin formed along the Algeciras fault system. The lake lies in the Andean forest zone with frequent elements of Weinmannia, Alnus, Myrica, Styloceras, Podocarpus, Clusia, Myrsine, Juglans, Ilex, and Hedyosmum. Today most forest has bee replaced by pasture, meadows, and agricultural fields. Forest remnants are dominated by Ocotea guianensis and Weinmannia pubescens. The shrubs Miconia harlineii and Miconia sp. along with the ferns Ascotrichyum arborium, Polypodium, Anthurium and Cavendishia. | Epping, I., 2009. Environmental change in the Colombian upper forest belt. Master's thesis. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | |||||||||
| FUQUENE2 | Neotoma | 14004 | 21708 | Laguna de Fuquene | -73.746565 | 5.460610 | South America | 2540 | Raw | Lake | 102 | AWI | 0.105 | 46.586 | Laguna Fuquene lies the Ubate-Chiquinquira Valley, a large tectonic basin. At time of Spanish conquest, the lake level was 10-15 m higher than today. Lake area has declined from ~100 sq km in 1934 to ~30 sq km today and has dropped by 1 m. The lake is located in the dry low montane forest zone. Natural vegetation is much altered by human activities. Secondary vegetation includes Dodonaea viscosa, Baccharis, Barnadesia spinosa, Schinus molle, Solanum, Phyllanthus salviaefolius, Croton, Montanoa, Durantha mutisii, Oreopanax, Tara spinosa, Prunus capuli, and Escallonia. A few Quercus occur. Natural vegetation may have been dominated by Quercus or Weinmannia, with Phyllanthus, Croton, and Oreopanax. | Bogota-a, R.G., Groot, M.H.M., Hooghiemstra, H., Lourens, L.J., Van der Linden, M. and Berrio, J.C., 2011. Rapid climate change from north Andean Lake Fuquene pollen records driven by obliquity: implications for a basin-wide biostratigraphic zonation for the last 284 ka. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(23-24), pp.3321-3337. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.08.003 | Groot, M.H.M., Lourens, L.J., Hooghiemstra, H., Vriend, M., Berrio, J.C., Tuenter, E., Plicht, J., Geel, B.V., Ziegler, M., Weber, S.L. and Betancourt, A., 2011. Ultra-high resolution pollen record from the northern Andes reveals rapid shifts in montane climates within the last two glacial cycles. Climate of the Past, 7(1), pp.299-316. | doi:10.5194/cp-7-299-2011 | van Geel, B. and Van der Hammen, T., 1973. Upper Quaternary vegetational and climatic sequence of the Fuquene area (Eastern Cordillera, Colombia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 14(1), pp.9-92. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(73)90064-3 | van't Veer, R., Islebe, G.A. and Hooghiemstra, H., 2000. Climatic change during the Younger Dryas chron in northern South America: a test of the evidence. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19(17-18), pp.1821-1835. | doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00093-7 | ||
| BOQUILLAS | Neotoma | 14011 | 21726 | Boquillas | -74.562500 | 9.123611 | South America | 20 | Raw | Lake | 49 | AWI | 1.440 | 11.451 | The Boquillas core was collected in the town of Boquillas, in the centre of the Momposina basin. Site is located in the centre of the Momposina basin, or 'Depresion Momposina,' a tectonic basin covered with floodplain lakes, locally called 'cienagas.' | Berrio, J.C., Boom, A., Botero, P.J., Herrera, L.F., Hooghiemstra, H., Romero, F. and Sarmiento, G., 2001. Multi-disciplinary evidence of the Holocene history of a cultivated floodplain area in the wetlands of northern Colombia. Vegetation history and archaeobotany, 10(3), pp.161-174. | doi:10.1007/PL00006928 | ||||||||
| HERRERA | Neotoma | 14020 | 21744 | Laguna de la Herrera | -74.275840 | 4.698055 | South America | 2550 | Raw | Peat | 46 | AWI | 0.066 | 5.842 | The Laguna de La Herrera is a lake situated on the western border of the Sabana de Bogota. It is a shallow, marshy remnant of Pleistocene Lake Humboldt. This part of the Sabana has a relatively dry climate and it bears therefore a xerophytic vegetation generally not higher than ca 20 cm, domminated by Poaceae, Ophioglossum nudicaule, Selaginella sellowi, Evolvulus, Plantago, Cardionema, Artemisia sodiroi, and Malacocarpus. Woody semi-shrubs, up to ca 80 cm, are Solanum lycioides, Salvia bogotensis, Eupatorium leyvensis, Stevia lucida, Lantana cf. L. boyacana, and probably Dodonaea. Opuntia cactus my grow several metres high. Bordering the is a zone of marsh vegetation, including Juncus, Rumex, Polygonum, Jussiaea, and Hydrocotyle. The western slopes of the bordering mountains have a much higher rainfall, are almost continuously clouded, and support Quercus dominated cloud-forest. | van der Hammen, T. and Gonzalez, E., 1965. A pollen diagram from \Laguna de la Herrera\(Sabana de Bogota). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 32(1), pp.183-191. | |||||||||
| VISITADOR | Neotoma | 14028 | 21762 | Cienaga del Visitador | -72.790820 | 6.178960 | South America | 3300 | Raw | Mire | 46 | AWI | 0.153 | 16.703 | Cienaga del Visitador is a large mountain mire. in the Paramo del Desaguadero. It is situated at an altitude of 3300 m in an old and wide glacial valley-system in the Eastern Cordillera. | van der Hammen, T. and Gonzalez, E., 1965. A late-glacial and holocene pollen diagram from Cienaga del Visitador (Dept. Boyaca, Colombia). Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 32(1), pp.193-201. | |||||||||
| CIEGAIII | Neotoma | 14029 | 21766 | Laguna Ciega | -72.390575 | 6.478435 | South America | 3510 | Raw | Peat | 64 | AWI | 0.493 | 31.354 | Laguna Ciega is a completely infilled lake lying on Drift 3 of the Rio Nevado stade. The site is located in the central-western part of the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, which is the highest part of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Geologically the area consists of a series of folded and faulted sandstones, shales and occasional lenses of limestone, the folds having a north-south strike. The higher crests and ridges are formed by sandstones dipping westward; the main bodies of ice are present on these dip-slopes. The lake lies near the boundary of Andean forest and subparamo. Local vegetation is marshy and open, with stands of Espeletia nearby. | van der Hammen, T., Barelds, J., De Jong, H. and De Veer, A.A., 1980. Glacial sequence and environmental history in the Sierra Nevada del Cocuy (Colombia). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 32, pp.247-340. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(80)90043-7 | ||||||||
| MONICA1 | Neotoma | 14041 | 21794 | Pantano de Monica 1 | -72.051720 | -0.700300 | South America | 116 | Raw | Swamp | 17 | AWI | 5.089 | 13.064 | Large swamp located on the lower terrace of the Rio Caqueta. Regional vegetation is dense, tall tropical rainforest, except for savanna on samller areas of sandstone plateaus. Local vegetation is a dense stand of tall trees, primarily Clusia. Mauritia also occurs in the swamp, which also has open water and moss polsters. | Behling, H., Berrio, J.C. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1999. Late Quaternary pollen records from the middle Caqueta river basin in central Colombian Amazon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 145(1-3), pp.193-213. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00105-9 | ||||||||
| MONICA2 | Neotoma | 14042 | 21796 | Pantano de Monica 2 | -72.059620 | -0.706000 | South America | 112 | Raw | Swamp | 21 | AWI | -0.058 | 4.414 | Small swamp located on the lower terrace of the Rio Caqueta. Regional vegetation is dense, tall tropical rainforest, except for savanna on samller areas of sandstone plateaus. The swamp is covered by tall tress (~10 m), mainly Fabales. | Behling, H., Berrio, J.C. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1999. Late Quaternary pollen records from the middle Caqueta river basin in central Colombian Amazon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 145(1-3), pp.193-213. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00105-9 | ||||||||
| MONICA3 | Neotoma | 14043 | 21798 | Pantano de Monica 3 | -72.055670 | -0.703730 | South America | 160 | Raw | River | 19 | AWI | -0.062 | 3.430 | Small hollow basin in a forested area located on the lower terrace of the Rio Caqueta. Regional vegetation is dense, tall tropical rainforest, except for savanna on samller areas of sandstone plateaus. Euterpe is frequent at the site. | Behling, H., Berrio, J.C. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1999. Late Quaternary pollen records from the middle Caqueta river basin in central Colombian Amazon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 145(1-3), pp.193-213. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00105-9 | ||||||||
| ANDABOBS | Neotoma | 14050 | 21812 | Andabobos | -74.251370 | 4.099220 | South America | 3750 | Raw | Peat | 74 | AWI | 1.280 | 17.793 | This section was taken from a level Plantago rigida cushion bog covering a former glacial lake on the western side of the Sumapaz watershed. Vegetation is grass-paramo, with Espeletia-Calamagrostis effusa bunch-grass paramo. Bog surface has Diplostephietum revoluti with Swallenochloa, Sphagnum, and Riccardia. | Melief, A.B.M. and Cleef, A.M., 2008. Results of the pollen analysis of peat and lake deposits in the Sumapaz area. In: La Cordillera Oriental Colombiana Transecto Sumapaz. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 7 ed. by T. van der Hammen, J.O. Rangel, and A.M. Cleef (pp.395-452). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | Melief, A.B.M., 1985. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central) and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. Doctoral dissertation. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Cleef, A.M., 1981. The vegetation of the Paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | |||||||
| ALSACIA | Neotoma | 14052 | 21816 | Laguna Negra de Alsacia | -74.091790 | 3.966935 | South America | 3100 | Raw | Lake | 79 | AWI | 3.106 | 28.125 | Site is collected on the eastern side of the Cordillera Oriental Core is from a lake-marginal Scirpus californicus fen. More towards the edge of the lake a Carex jamesonii zone is present. Surrounding Andean forest contains Chusquea, Escallonia, and Melastomataceae. | Melief, A.B.M. and Cleef, A.M., 2008. Results of the pollen analysis of peat and lake deposits in the Sumapaz area. In: La Cordillera Oriental Colombiana Transecto Sumapaz. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 7 ed. by T. van der Hammen, J.O. Rangel, and A.M. Cleef (pp.395-452). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | Melief, A.B.M., 1985. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central) and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. Doctoral dissertation. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | ||||||||
| GOBER | Neotoma | 14053 | 21818 | Laguna Gobernador | -74.299745 | 3.953250 | South America | 3815 | Raw | Lake | 86 | AWI | 0.060 | 11.669 | Laguna Gobernador is located on the western slope of the Cordillera Oriental. Grass paramo surronds the lake, with Espeletia, Calamagrostis effusa, and Swallenochloa. A small dwarf forest of Diplostephium revolutum grows near the sampling site. The littoral zone of the lake has Isoetes cleefii, Calypogeia andicola, and Cryptochila grandiflora. Present at the coring site were Drepanocladus, Ditrichum submersum, and Mougeotia. | Melief, A.B.M. and Cleef, A.M., 2008. Results of the pollen analysis of peat and lake deposits in the Sumapaz area. In: La Cordillera Oriental Colombiana Transecto Sumapaz. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 7 ed. by T. van der Hammen, J.O. Rangel, and A.M. Cleef (pp.395-452). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | Melief, A.B.M., 1985. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central) and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. Doctoral dissertation. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Cleef, A.M., 1981. The vegetation of the Paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | |||||||
| CAIMITO | Neotoma | 14057 | 21828 | Laguna El Caimito | -77.687500 | 2.446450 | South America | 50 | Raw | Lake | 119 | AWI | -0.023 | 3.805 | Laguna El Caimito has steep slopes, (prevents growth of a shore vegetation) which are breached by the outlet creek. The main inlets to the lake come from the east and northeast.The vegetation around the lake consists of tropical evergreen rain forest. | Urrego Giraldo, L.E. and Berrio M, J.C., 2011. Los estudios paleoecologicos en el Choco Biogeografico durante el Holoceno medio y reciente. In: Colombia Diversidad Biotica IV, El Choco biogeografico/Costa Pacifica ed. by J.O. Rangel (pp.23-28). Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Conservacion Internacional, Bogota, DC, Colombia. | Wille, M., 2001. Vegetation history and climate records of Colombian lowland areas: rain forest, savanna and intermontane ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Velez, M.I., Wille, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Metcalfe, S., Vandenberghe, J. and Van der Borg, K., 2001. Late Holocene environmental history of southern Choco region, Pacific Colombia; sediment, diatom and pollen analysis of core El Caimito. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 173(3-4), pp.197-214. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00322-4 | ||||||
| VL-V | Neotoma | 14059 | 21836 | Valle de Lagunillas V | -72.337485 | 6.375867 | South America | 3931 | Raw | Lake | 71 | AWI | 0.028 | 15.973 | Valle de Lagunillas contains a series of end moraines with a chain of existing and former lakes. The valley lies west of the main central ridge of the Sierra Nevada de Cocuy. The site a former lake within the area of Drift II as defined by Gonzalez et al. (1965). Surrounding vegetation is paramo, with meadows of Poaceae and with Espeletia as the most characteristic plant. | Gonzalez, E., van der Hammen, T. and Foster Flint, R., 1965. Late quaternary glacial and vegetational sequence in Valle de Lagunillas, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 32(1), pp.157-182. | |||||||||
| VL-VIII | Neotoma | 14060 | 21838 | Valle de Lagunillas VIII | -72.346289 | 6.387116 | South America | 3923 | Raw | Lake | 16 | AWI | 0.581 | 10.629 | Valle de Lagunillas contains a series of end moraines with a chain of existing and former lakes. The valley lies west of the main central ridge of the Sierra Nevada de Cocuy. The site is a small basin lying between two end moraines of Drift II as defined by Gonzalez et al. (1965). Surrounding vegetation is paramo, with meadows of Poaceae and with Espeletia as the most characteristic plant. | Gonzalez, E., van der Hammen, T. and Foster Flint, R., 1965. Late quaternary glacial and vegetational sequence in Valle de Lagunillas, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy, Colombia. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen, 32(1), pp.157-182. | |||||||||
| PATIA1 | Neotoma | 14072 | 21895 | El Patia-1 | -77.115050 | 2.011250 | South America | 580 | Raw | Swamp | 84 | AWI | -0.045 | 9.375 | Site is a swamp located in the eastern foothills of the Western Cordillera of Colombia. It lies on the floodplain of the Patia River. Today the area is almost completely deforested. Patches of secondary forest are mixed with pasture and coffee plantations. Natural vegetation was tropical dry forest. | Velez Caicedo, M.I., 2003. A contribution of diatom analysis to Lateglacial and Holocene environmental reconstructions of Colombian lowland and montane ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Velez, M.I., Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Metcalfe, S. and Marchant, R., 2005. Palaeoenvironmental changes during the last ca. 8590 calibrated yr (7800 radiocarbon yr) in the dry forest ecosystem of the Patia Valley, Southern Colombian Andes: a multiproxy approach. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 216(3-4), pp.279-302. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.006 | |||||||
| PATIA2 | Neotoma | 14075 | 21903 | El Patia-2 | -77.115050 | 2.011250 | South America | 580 | Raw | Swamp | 53 | AWI | -0.058 | 8.603 | Site is a swamp located in the eastern foothills of the Western Cordillera of Colombia. It lies on the floodplain of the Patia River. Today the area is almost completely deforested. Patches of secondary forest are mixed with pasture and coffee plantations. Natural vegetation was tropical dry forest. | Velez Caicedo, M.I., 2003. A contribution of diatom analysis to Lateglacial and Holocene environmental reconstructions of Colombian lowland and montane ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Velez, M.I., Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Metcalfe, S. and Marchant, R., 2005. Palaeoenvironmental changes during the last ca. 8590 calibrated yr (7800 radiocarbon yr) in the dry forest ecosystem of the Patia Valley, Southern Colombian Andes: a multiproxy approach. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 216(3-4), pp.279-302. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.11.006 | |||||||
| PIAGUA | Neotoma | 14077 | 21913 | Piagua | -76.780550 | 2.432680 | South America | 1700 | Raw | Swamp | 121 | Neotoma_DANS 1 | -0.047 | 20.370 | It is a small swampy area, about 100 x 100 m in size, in a depression which is crossed by a small shallow creek draining in a westerly direction. The catchment area of the depression is almost 1 km in diameter. The location lies in the subandean forest belt. The natural vegetation is almost completely replaced by commercial forestry, coffee plantations and farmland. | Wille, M., 2001. Vegetation history and climate records of Colombian lowland areas: rain forest, savanna and intermontane ecosystems. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | Wille, M., Hooghiemstra, H., Behling, H., van der Borg, K. and Negret, A.J., 2001. Environmental change in the Colombian subandean forest belt from 8 pollen records: the last 50 kyr. Vegetation history and archaeobotany, 10(2), pp.61-77. | doi:10.1007/PL00006921 | |||||||
| QUIL-1 | Neotoma | 14078 | 21915 | Quilichao-1 | -76.522250 | 3.101160 | South America | 970 | Raw | River | 112 | AWI | -0.048 | 14.275 | The Quilichao basin lies on a terrace close to the Cauca River. The Cauca valley is presently almost completely deforested and crops of sugar cane dominate. Natural egetation is tropical dry forest. | Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Marchant, R. and Rangel, O., 2002. Late-glacial and Holocene history of the dry forest area in the south Colombian Cauca Valley. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 17(7), pp.667-682. | doi:10.1002/jqs.701 | ||||||||
| PRIMAV1 | Neotoma | 14079 | 21917 | Laguna La Primavera | -74.157925 | 3.981795 | South America | 3547 | Raw | Lake | 130 | Neotoma_DANS 1 | 0.019 | 8.175 | Laguna la Primavera is located in Paramo de Sumapaz, on the western side of the Eastern Cordillera. The lake is at present surrounded by zonal vegetation of the lower open bunch-grass paramo type, with Espeletia grandiflora and Oreobolus. In more humid places surrounding the marshy littoral zone, stands of a Sphagnum-bamboo community are present. | Melief, A.B.M. and Cleef, A.M., 2008. Results of the pollen analysis of peat and lake deposits in the Sumapaz area. In: La Cordillera Oriental Colombiana Transecto Sumapaz. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 7 ed. by T. van der Hammen, J.O. Rangel, and A.M. Cleef (pp.395-452). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | Melief, A.B.M., 1985. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central) and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. Doctoral dissertation. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | van Der Hammen, T. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1995. The el Abra stadial, a Younger Dryas equivalent in Colombia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14(9), pp.841-851. | doi:10.1016/0277-3791(95)00066-6 | Cleef, A.M., 1981. The vegetation of the Paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Doctoral dissertation. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | |||||
| PRIMAV2 | Neotoma | 14079 | 21919 | Laguna La Primavera | -74.157925 | 3.981795 | South America | 3547 | Raw | Lake | 91 | AWI | 10.313 | 13.636 | Laguna la Primavera is located in Paramo de Sumapaz, on the western side of the Eastern Cordillera. The lake is at present surrounded by zonal vegetation of the lower open bunch-grass paramo type, with Espeletia grandiflora and Oreobolus. In more humid places surrounding the marshy littoral zone, stands of a Sphagnum-bamboo community are present. | Melief, A.B.M. and Cleef, A.M., 2008. Results of the pollen analysis of peat and lake deposits in the Sumapaz area. In: La Cordillera Oriental Colombiana Transecto Sumapaz. Studies on Tropical Andean Ecosystems 7 ed. by T. van der Hammen, J.O. Rangel, and A.M. Cleef (pp.395-452). J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | Melief, A.B.M., 1985. Late Quaternary paleoecology of the Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados (Cordillera Central) and Sumapaz (Cordillera Oriental) areas, Colombia. Doctoral dissertation. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. | van Der Hammen, T. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1995. The el Abra stadial, a Younger Dryas equivalent in Colombia. Quaternary Science Reviews, 14(9), pp.841-851. | doi:10.1016/0277-3791(95)00066-6 | ||||||
| POTRER2 | Neotoma | 14080 | 21921 | Potrerillo-2 | -77.054140 | 2.100180 | South America | 750 | Raw | Swamp | 47 | AWI | 0.029 | 9.933 | The Patia Valley is a dry enclave that forms part of a transversal inter-Andean valley. Potrerillo-2 is located in the eastern foothills of the Western Cordillera. The core was collected from a swamp which is located in a depression in the flood plain of the Patia River. The rocks outcropping in the surrounding hills are mainly of volcanic origin, but limestone and shale are also present. Nowadays the Patia Valley is almost cleared from forests due to intensive human activities. However, small remnants of dry forest vegetation still occur. | Gonzalez-Carranza, Z., Berrio, J.C., Hooghiemstra, H., Duivenvoorden, J.F. and Behling, H., 2008. Changes of seasonally dry forest in the Colombian Patia Valley during the early and middle Holocene and the development of a dry climatic record for the northernmost Andes. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 152(1-2), pp.1-10. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.03.005 | ||||||||
| PLVERDE1 | Neotoma | 14086 | 21938 | Paramo de Laguna Verde | -74.002780 | 5.216585 | South America | 3647 | Raw | Lake | 45 | AWI | 0.019 | 6.132 | Paramo de Laguna Verde is situated at the northern periphery of the high plain of Bogota in the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. The site is a complex of lakes and wetlands, including Laguna Verde proper, located in the lower grass paramo, dominated by tussocks of Calamagrostis and Espeletiinae. The dwarf shrubs Aragoa and Arcytophyllum nitidum are scattered. | Kuhry, P., 1988. Palaeobotanical-palaeoecological studies of tropical high Andean peatbog sections (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Dissertationes Botanicae 116. J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | |||||||||
| PAB-III | Neotoma | 14101 | 22049 | Paramo de Agua Blanca | -74.156860 | 4.994450 | South America | 3250 | Raw | Fen | 24 | AWI | 0.015 | 9.038 | The site is a Sphagnum-Espeletia fen formed in a small weathering depression formed in sandstones of the Guadalupe Formation. The site lies at the upper timberline of the andean forest belt. The land is presently being used for cattle and cultivation of potatoes. Locally on the slopes are patches of partly secondary forest, dominated by Weinmannia, Melastomataceae, Asteraceae, and Ericaceae. Other woody taxa include Myrica, Gaiadendron, Vallea, and Oreopanax. | Kuhry, P., 1988. Palaeobotanical-palaeoecological studies of tropical high Andean peatbog sections (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Dissertationes Botanicae 116. J. Cramer, Berlin, Germany. | |||||||||
| LLGRANDE | Neotoma | 14154 | 22101 | Llano Grande Mire | -76.092580 | 6.474510 | South America | 3460 | Raw | Mire | 144 | AWI | -0.045 | 17.006 | Site is located in the Llano Grande basin which is part of the Paramo de Frontino, the largest tropical montane grassland in the Western Cordillera of Colombia. The site is located at the upper forest line. | Velasquez-R, C.A. and Hooghiemstra, H., 2013. Pollen-based 17-kyr forest dynamics and climate change from the Western Cordillera of Colombia; no-analogue associations and temporarily lost biomes. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 194, pp.38-49. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2013.03.001 | ||||||||
| SANJORGE | Neotoma | 18835 | 32262 | San Jorge | -73.195000 | -4.063333 | South America | 99 | Raw | Peat | 31 | AWI | -0.039 | 2.209 | The study site is named after the adjacent village, and is a domed peatland bordering the Amazon River. It lies within a large subsiding tectonic basin characterised by a mosaic landscape with river systems and floodplains belonging to the Ucayali, Maranon, and Amazon rivers and their tributaries, surrounded by higher, un-flooded, older terraces with different vegetation and underlying geology. Annual ainfall is > 3000 mm yr- 1, and remains above 100 mm per month even in the dry season (Marengo, 1998). Mean annual temperature is c. 25 C, with high relative humidity of 80-90% throughout the year (Marengo, 1998). The San Jorge peatland has a shallow domed structure (as confirmed by a topographic survey undertaken by Lahteenoja et al., 2009b), pole forest vegetation, and thick peat. | Kelly, T.J., Lawson, I.T., Roucoux, K.H., Baker, T.R., Jones, T.D. and Sanderson, N.K., 2017. The vegetation history of an Amazonian domed peatland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 468, pp.129-141. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.039 | ||||||||
| ECSF_CON | Neotoma | 23759 | 41121 | Estacion Cientifica San Francisco Cerro de Consuelo | -79.059583 | -4.002444 | South America | 3155 | Raw | Peat | 25 | AWI | 0.639 | 1.281 | The study site is located on the eastern slope of the eastern Cordillera (Cordillera Real) between the cities of Loja (2,200 m) and Zamora (1,000 m), north of the Podocarpus National Park in the E-W exposed upper Rio. San Francisco valley. The ECSF research area, covering about 1,100 ha, is a part of the study. site located west of the small village of Sabanilla on a mountain ridge system about 5 km long with a north-south orientation, between 1,800 and 3,200 m in elevation. Site is located in (sub-)paramos. | Niemann, H., 2008. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire dynamics in the Podocarpus National Park region, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Doctoral dissertation. Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. | Niemann, H. and Behling, H., 2010. Late Holocene environmental change and human impact inferred from three soil monoliths and the Laguna Zurita multi-proxi record in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 19(1), pp.1-15. | doi:10.1007/s00334-009-0226-6 | |||||||
| FONT | Neotoma | 24591 | 43295 | Mallin Fontanito | -71.564436 | -44.908576 | South America | 940 | Raw | Fen | 73 | AWI | -0.040 | 18.501 | M. Fontanito is a fen wetland located along the south margin of L. Fontana. M. Fontanito is in recently-logged mixed Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica forest, approximately 25 km west of steppe vegetation. The wetland may have originated as an embayment of the larger proglacial lake or formed in an isolated ice-block depression along the lateral moraine system. Upper treeline lies above 1300 m elevation to the west and includes N. pumilio, Berberis illicifolia. East of M. Fontanito, the forest is replaced by shrubland that includes N. antarctica, Schinus, Berberis serratodentata, and Baccharis patagonica. Grass-shrub steppe to the east is dominated by tussock grasses (e.g., Stipa, Poa) intermingled with cushion shrubs (e.g., Mulinum spinosum, Adesmia boronioides, Senecio filaginoides, Nassauvia darwinii), and herbs (e.g., Asteraceae subfamily Asteroideae, Arenaria, Geum magellanicum). Forest cover at the site was extensively reduced by 19th- and 20th- century land clearance, fire, and livestock grazing. Disturbed areas support N. antarctica, Escallonia alpina, Gunnera chilensis, Acaena splendens, and A. magellanica, as well as introduced weeds (e.g., Taraxacum officinalis, Holcus lanatus, Rumex acetosella). | Nanavati, W.P., Whitlock, C., Iglesias, V. and de Porras, M.E., 2019. Postglacial vegetation, fire, and climate history along the eastern Andes, Argentina and Chile (lat. 41-55 S). Quaternary Science Reviews, 207, pp.145-160. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.01.014 | ||||||||
| CARANA | Neotoma | 26166 | 45629 | Lake Carana | -55.041785 | -2.834645 | South America | 5 | Raw | Lake | 54 | AWI | -0.067 | 4.817 | Flat bottomed lake located on the fluvial terrace on the eastern bank of the Rio Tapajos at the base of the Belterra Plateau. The lake occupies a small closed basin separated from the main river channel except during extreme flood events by a depositional sand berm. Vegetation is dense terra firme humid evergreen rainforest. | Maezumi, S.Y., Alves, D., Robinson, M., de Souza, J.G., Levis, C., Barnett, R.L., de Oliveira, E.A., Urrego, D., Schaan, D. and Iriarte, J., 2018. The legacy of 4,500 years of polyculture agroforestry in the eastern Amazon. Nature plants, 4(8), pp.540-547. | doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0205-y | Maezumi, S.Y., Robinson, M., de Souza, J., Urrego, D.H., Schaan, D., Alves, D. and Iriarte, J., 2018. New insights from pre-Columbian land use and fire management in Amazonian dark earth forests. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 6, p.111. | doi:10.3389/fevo.2018.00111 | ||||||
| LACHONTA1 | Neotoma | 26595 | 46535 | La Chonta Bog | -83.942915 | 9.686270 | South America | 2310 | Raw | Bog | 88 | AWI | 1.505 | 22.143 | Bog situated at the boundary between the lower and upper montaine rain forest in the Cordillera de Talamanca, surrounded by Quercus seemannii-Q. copeyensis forest, also with Alnus acuminata and Drymys granadensis. Bog vegetation includes Hypericum, Puya dasylirioides, Blechnum buchtieni, Escallonia myrtillioides and Poaceae. | Islebe, G.A. and Hooghiemstra, H., 1997. Vegetation and climate history of montane Costa Rica since the last glacial. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(6), pp.589-604. | doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(96)00051-0 | Islebe, G.A., Hooghiemstra, H. and Van der Borg, K., 1995. A cooling event during the Younger Dryas Chron in Costa Rica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 117(1-2), pp.73-80. | doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00124-5 | Islebe, G.A., Hooghiemstra, H. and van't Veer, R., 1996. Holocene vegetation and water level history in two bogs of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Vegetatio, 124(2), pp.155-171. | doi:10.1007/BF00045491 | ||||
| AVICENNIA | Neotoma | 26675 | 46724 | Bosque de Avicennia | -46.702210 | -0.927770 | South America | 2 | Raw | Peat | 46 | AWI | -0.064 | 2.226 | The site is located on the relatively high central southern part of the Braganca peninsula. Tidal creeks and channels are at least 500 m distant from core site, and the area seems to be little disturbed by tidal inundations. Only Avicennia trees form the mangrove forest. A high number of dead trees are found in this area. | Behling, H., Cohen, M.C. and Lara, R.J., 2001. Studies on Holocene mangrove ecosystem dynamics of the Braganca Peninsula in north-eastern Para, Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 167(3-4), pp.225-242. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00239-X | ||||||||
| FURCHATO | Neotoma | 26898 | 46995 | Furo do Chato | -46.650000 | -0.873611 | South America | 2 | Raw | Peat | 28 | AWI | -0.049 | 1.309 | Rhizophora trees dominate in the mangrove, but Avicennia trees occur close to the site. The core site is near tidal channels and is more influenced by inundation than the two other sites in the study (Bosque de Avicennia and Campo Salgado). | Behling, H., Cohen, M.C. and Lara, R.J., 2001. Studies on Holocene mangrove ecosystem dynamics of the Braganca Peninsula in north-eastern Para, Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 167(3-4), pp.225-242. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00239-X | ||||||||
| RABAVACA | Neotoma | 26899 | 46998 | Laguna Rabadilla de Vaca | -79.112139 | -4.255472 | South America | 3312 | Raw | Peat | 51 | AWI | -0.051 | 11.341 | Site is located in paramo. | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2010. Reconstruction and visualization of upper forest line and vegetation changes in the Andean depression region of southeastern Ecuador since the last glacial maximum-A multi-site synthesis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 163(1-2), pp.139-152. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.10.005 | Niemann, H., Haberzettl, T. and Behling, H., 2009. Holocene climate variability and vegetation dynamics inferred from the (11700 cal. yr BP) Laguna Rabadilla de Vaca sediment record, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. The Holocene, 19(2), pp.307-316. | doi:10.1177/0959683608100575 | ||||||
| TEPEQUEM | Neotoma | 26901 | 47004 | Serra do Tepequem | -61.704331 | 3.792011 | South America | 635 | Raw | Spring | 31 | AWI | 4.914 | 7.521 | Serra do Tepequem sediment record was retrieved from an exposed wall in a spring area. The main vegetation growing in the coring area are Mauritia flexuosa stands, ferns and grasslands. On the plateau the vegetation is mainly composed of grasses with some shrubs, from open grass savannas on the plains to arboreal savannas in the valleys. | Rodriguez-Zorro, P.A., da Costa, M.L. and Behling, H., 2017. Mid-Holocene vegetation dynamics with an early expansion of Mauritia flexuosa palm trees inferred from the Serra do Tepequem in the savannas of Roraima State in Amazonia, northwestern Brazil. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 26(5), pp.455-468. | doi:10.1007/s00334-017-0605-3 | ||||||||
| COCHACAR | Neotoma | 26903 | 47011 | Laguna Cocha Caranga | -79.159583 | -4.045861 | South America | 2710 | Raw | Forest | 34 | AWI | -0.057 | 13.642 | Site is located in upper montane forest. | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2010. Reconstruction and visualization of upper forest line and vegetation changes in the Andean depression region of southeastern Ecuador since the last glacial maximum-A multi-site synthesis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 163(1-2), pp.139-152. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.10.005 | Niemann, H. and Behling, H., 2009. Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental change inferred from the Cocha Caranga sediment and soil records in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 276(1-4), pp.1-14. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.02.018 | ||||||
| SALGADO | Neotoma | 26984 | 47494 | Campo Salgado | -46.683056 | -0.912778 | South America | 3 | Raw | Marsh | 18 | AWI | -0.055 | 5.790 | Cyperaceae-dominated open salt marsh in the central part of the peninsula. | Behling, H., Cohen, M.C. and Lara, R.J., 2001. Studies on Holocene mangrove ecosystem dynamics of the Braganca Peninsula in north-eastern Para, Brazil. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 167(3-4), pp.225-242. | doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00239-X | ||||||||
| ZURITA | Neotoma | 26985 | 47497 | Laguna Zurita | -79.117611 | -3.974667 | South America | 2590 | Raw | Forest | 24 | AWI | -0.068 | 1.279 | Site located in upper mountain forest. The study site is located on the eastern slope of the eastern Cordillera (Cordillera Real) between the cities of Loja (2200 m) and Zamora (1000 m), north of the Podocarpus National Park in the E-W exposed upper Rio San Francisco valley. | Niemann, H., 2008. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire dynamics in the Podocarpus National Park region, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Doctoral dissertation. Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. | Niemann, H. and Behling, H., 2010. Late Holocene environmental change and human impact inferred from three soil monoliths and the Laguna Zurita multi-proxi record in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 19(1), pp.1-15. | doi:10.1007/s00334-009-0226-6 | |||||||
| ELTIRO | Neotoma | 26987 | 47502 | EL Tiro-Pass | -79.145194 | -3.989778 | South America | 2810 | Raw | Bog | 64 | AWI | -0.004 | 20.057 | Site is in the eastern Cordillera, North of the Podocarpus National Park. Surrounding vegetation is subparamo. Site is adjacent to the main road from Loja to Zamorra. The El Tiro Pass is about 10 km from Loja. The average precipitation rate near the El Tiro-Pass (2880 m). | Niemann, H., 2008. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire dynamics in the Podocarpus National Park region, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Doctoral dissertation. Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany. | Niemann, H. and Behling, H., 2008. Late Quaternary vegetation, climate and fire dynamics inferred from the El Tiro record in the southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Journal of Quaternary Science: Published for the Quaternary Research Association, 23(3), pp.203-212. | doi:10.1002/jqs.1134 | |||||||
| VINILLOS | Neotoma | 26988 | 47504 | Vinillos | -77.846889 | -0.600778 | South America | 2090 | Raw | Valley | 26 | AWI | 42.044 | 44.549 | The exposure is located on the eastern side of the Cosanga Valley, and was uncovered during construction of the Troncal Amazonica (E45); the highway adjacent to the Rio Cosanga. The Vinillos section is situated within tropical montane cloud forest vegetation.The modern vegetation at Vinillos is composed primarily of Andean forest elements such as Arecaceae, Betulaceae (Alnus), Chloranthaceae (Hedyosmum), Cunoniaceae (Weinmannia), Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae and Urticaceae (Cecropia) with abundant epiphytic mosses, lichens, ferns, Bromeliaceae, Araceae and Orchidaceae. | Loughlin, N.J.D., 2018. Changing human impact on the montane forests of the eastern Andean flank, Ecuador. Doctoral dissertation. The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. | Loughlin, N.J., Gosling, W.D., Coe, A.L., Gulliver, P., Mothes, P. and Montoya, E., 2018. Landscape-scale drivers of glacial ecosystem change in the montane forests of the eastern Andean flank, Ecuador. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 489, pp.198-208. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.011 | |||||||
| MANDIORE | Neotoma | 27005 | 47561 | Laguna Mandiore | -57.562667 | -18.091833 | South America | 92 | Raw | Lake | 26 | AWI | -0.048 | 10.850 | Laguna Mandiore is a large, shallow, flat bottomed lake (~152 km2, 92 m a.s.l., depth ~4-6m) located along a fault between the Bolivian Chiquitano semi-deciduous dry forest to the west and the Brazilian Pantanal wetlands to the east. On the eastern shore of Laguna Mandioree dry forest grades into cerrado upland savannah as elevation increases, and soils become thinner, up a series of large hills (Amolar hills, ~900 m a.s.l.) which separate the majority of the lake margin from the Pantanal wetlands. The geology of the surrounding area is a complex of coalesced alluvial fans from incoming rivers across the Pantanal, as well as outcrops of crystalline rock, limestone and iron and manganese oxides which form the Amolar hills (~900 m.a.s.l.) (Hamilton, 2002). | Plumpton, H.J., Mayle, F.E. and Whitney, B.S., 2020. Long-term impacts of mid-Holocene drier climatic conditions on Bolivian tropical dry forests. Quaternary Research, 93(1), pp.204-224. | doi:10.1017/qua.2019.55 | ||||||||
| ROGAGUADO | Neotoma | 27006 | 47564 | Lago Rogaguado | -65.986139 | -12.997389 | South America | 125 | Raw | Lake | 46 | AWI | -0.021 | 8.029 | Located in the Llanos de Moxos. Lake likely formed within a river valley flooded as a result of neotectonic events. No major permanent inflows or outflows, but receives floodwater during the rainy season from swamp areas located southwest of the lake. | Brugger, S.O., Gobet, E., van Leeuwen, J.F., Ledru, M.P., Colombaroli, D., van der Knaap, W.O., Lombardo, U., Escobar-Torrez, K., Finsinger, W., Rodrigues, L. and Giesche, A., 2016. Long-term man-environment interactions in the Bolivian Amazon: 8000 years of vegetation dynamics. Quaternary Science Reviews, 132, pp.114-128. | doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.001 | ||||||||
| FLAMENGO | Neotoma | 27008 | 47567 | Nativo do Flamengo | -39.939528 | -19.163500 | South America | 25 | Raw | Peat | 11 | AWI | -0.067 | 6.945 | Surrounding vegetation: mussununga forest. | Junior, A.A.B., Pessenda, L.C.R., Mayle, F.E., Lorente, F.L., Volkmer-Ribeiro, C., Schiavo, J.A., Pereira, M.G., Bendassolli, J.A., Macario, K.C.D. and Siqueira, G.S., 2019. Paleovegetation and paleoclimate dynamics during the last 7000 years in the Atlantic forest of Southeastern Brazil based on palynology of a waterlogged sandy soil. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 264, pp.1-10. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.02.002 | ||||||||
| ACARABIX | Neotoma | 27010 | 47571 | Lake Acarabixi | -64.498889 | -0.345833 | South America | 33 | Raw | Lake | 25 | AWI | 0.650 | 11.075 | The Lake Acarabixi is a floodplain lake in the middle-upper part of Rio Negro. The vegetation growing near the lake is igapo forest.The canopy height averages about 15-20m with few emergent trees up to 30m. Lake has a direct connection to the Rio Negro during extreme high water stands. | Rodriguez-Zorro, P.A., Turcq, B., Cordeiro, R.C., Moreira, L.S., Costa, R.L., McMichael, C.H. and Behling, H., 2018. Forest stability during the early and late Holocene in the igapo floodplains of the Rio Negro, northwestern Brazil. Quaternary Research, 89(1), p.75. | doi:10.1017/qua.2017.99 | ||||||||
| HUILA | Neotoma | 27071 | 47666 | Lake Huila | -78.017917 | -0.423417 | South America | 2608 | Raw | Lake | 26 | AWI | -0.062 | 0.533 | Lake Huila is approximately 35 m in diameter. Based on local knowledge the lake has not been known to dry up completely during living memory. The lake is enclosed within a small drainage basin of ca. 7000 m, with no obvious source or output. | Loughlin, N.J.D., 2018. Changing Human Impact On The Montane Forests Of The Eastern Andean Flank, Ecuador. Doctoral dissertation. The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. | Loughlin, N.J.D., Gosling, W.D., Mothes, P. and Montoya, E., 2018. Ecological consequences of post-Columbian indigenous depopulation in the Andean-Amazonian corridor. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(8), pp.1233-1236. | doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0602-7 | |||||||
| MARANG | Neotoma | 27178 | 48222 | Maranguape | -38.720170 | -3.896190 | South America | 900 | Raw | Forest | 65 | AWI | 0.984 | 5.067 | Forest hollow in ombrophilous dense forest near top of mountain. | Montade, V., Ledru, M.P., Burte, J., Martins, E.S.P.R., Verola, C.F., Costa, I.R.D. and Magalhaes e Silva, F.H., 2014. Stability of a Neotropical microrefugium during climatic instability. Journal of biogeography, 41(6), pp.1215-1226. | doi:10.1111/jbi.12283 | ||||||||
| CERTOLCT | Neotoma | 27211 | 48614 | Cerro Toledo | -79.111528 | -4.374611 | South America | 3150 | Raw | Peat | 52 | AWI | -0.023 | 20.279 | Core site characterised by small depressions occupied by peat bogs.The site is situated inside the Podocarpus National Park. The analysed core is situated close to the exposed crest near the Cerro Toledo pass, which is today a paved road. | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2009. Late Quaternary vegetation, fire and climate history reconstructed from two cores at Cerro Toledo, Podocarpus National Park, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Quaternary Research, 72(3), pp.388-399. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.07.001 | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2010. Reconstruction and visualization of upper forest line and vegetation changes in the Andean depression region of southeastern Ecuador since the last glacial maximum-A multi-site synthesis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 163(1-2), pp.139-152. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.10.005 | ||||||
| CASANOVA | Neotoma | 27214 | 48621 | Mallin Casanova | -72.975225 | -47.643560 | South America | 126 | Raw | Peat | 45 | AWI | -0.053 | 10.034 | Nothofagus betuloides-Pilgerodendron forest with open shrub/grassland and Sphagnum peatland. | Iglesias, V., Haberle, S.G., Holz, A. and Whitlock, C., 2018. Holocene dynamics of temperate rainforests in west-central patagonia. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 5, p.177. | doi:10.3389/fevo.2017.00177 | ||||||||
| PAVA | Neotoma | 27215 | 48624 | Laguna La Pava | -71.523300 | -44.279700 | South America | 731 | Raw | Forest | 53 | AWI | 0.043 | 13.947 | Extensive bare rock outcrops with an open forest mosaic vegetation. | Iglesias, V., Markgraf, V. and Whitlock, C., 2016. 17,000 years of vegetation, fire and climate change in the eastern foothills of the Andes (lat. 44S). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 457, pp.195-208. | doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.06.008 | ||||||||
| CERTOCTB | Neotoma | 27220 | 48633 | Cerro Toledo | -79.111528 | -4.374611 | South America | 3110 | Raw | Peat | 38 | AWI | 0.026 | 9.836 | Core site characterised by small depressions occupied by peat bogs. The site is situated inside the Podocarpus National Park. The analysed core is situated close to the exposed crest near the Cerro Toledo pass, which is today a paved road. | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2009. Late Quaternary vegetation, fire and climate history reconstructed from two cores at Cerro Toledo, Podocarpus National Park, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Quaternary Research, 72(3), pp.388-399. | doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.07.001 | Brunschon, C. and Behling, H., 2010. Reconstruction and visualization of upper forest line and vegetation changes in the Andean depression region of southeastern Ecuador since the last glacial maximum-A multi-site synthesis. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 163(1-2), pp.139-152. | doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.10.005 | ||||||
| RABAVACAM | Neotoma | 27223 | 48645 | Rabadilla de Vaca mire | -79.120917 | -4.256583 | South America | 3200 | Raw | Peat | 40 | AWI | -0.052 | 1.987 | Peat bog on a slope at the transition from upper montane rainforest to subparamo vegetation. | Rodriguez, F. and Behling, H., 2011. Late Holocene vegetation, fire, climate and upper forest line dynamics in the Podocarpus National Park, southeastern Ecuador. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 20(1), pp.1-14. | doi:10.1007/s00334-010-0252-4 |