<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_932952</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Isotope and elemental geochemistry of tap waters from several major US metropolitan areas</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Tipple, Brett James; Chau, Thuan H; Chesson, Lesley A; Ehleringer, James Russell; Mancuso, Christy J; Valenzuela, Luciano O</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Isotope and elemental geochemistry of tap waters from several major US metropolitan areas</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2023-03-29</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932952</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>drought</Keyword>
<Keyword>elemental composition</Keyword>
<Keyword>hydrogen</Keyword>
<Keyword>hydrology</Keyword>
<Keyword>Oxygen</Keyword>
<Keyword>Strontium</Keyword>
<Temporal_Coverage>
<Start_Date>2012-06-29</Start_Date>
<Stop_Date>2015-11-27</Stop_Date>
</Temporal_Coverage>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>19.42247</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>42.8492</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>-156.43743</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>-71.01042000000001</Easternmost_Longitude>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>3 datasets</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>application/zip</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Reference>Tipple, Brett James (2014): Isotope analyses of hair as a trace evidence tool to reconstruct human movements: combining strontium isotope with hydrogen/oxygen isotope data. Department of Justice, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Document Number 248977, 51 pp, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248977.pdf</Reference>
<Reference>Tipple, Brett James (2016): Isotope analyses of hair as a trace evidence tool to reconstruct human movements: Establishing the effects of the “Human Ecosystem” on strontium and oxygen isotope ratios. Department of Justice, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Document Number 250339, 92 pp, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250339.pdf</Reference>
<Reference>Tipple, Brett James; Jameel, Yusuf; Chau, Thuan H; Mancuso, Christy J; Bowen, Gabriel J; Dufour, Alexis; Chesson, Lesley A; Ehleringer, James Russell (2017): Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of tap water reveal structure of the San Francisco Bay Area's water system and adjustments during a major drought. Water Research, 119, 212-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.022</Reference>
<Reference>Tipple, Brett James; Valenzuela, Luciano O; Chau, Thuan H; Hu, Lihai; Bataille, Clement P; Chesson, Lesley A; Ehleringer, James Russell (2019): Strontium isotope ratios of human hair from the United States: Patterns and aberrations. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 33(5), 461-472, https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8378</Reference>
<Reference>Tipple, Brett James; Valenzuela, Luciano O; Ehleringer, James Russell (2018): Strontium isotope ratios of human hair record intra-city variations in tap water source. Scientific Reports, 8(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21359-0</Reference>
<Summary>Tap waters were collected from major metropolitan areas of the western United States. Tap waters were sampled between 2012-2015 from seven metropolitan areas: Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana (CA), Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale (AZ), Salt Lake City (UT), San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos (CA), San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont (CA), San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara (CA), and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario (CA). These areas represent some of the most populous in the US and employ a diversity of water management practices.  Here hydrogen (d2H) and oxygen (d18O) isotope values along with strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) and element abundances were measured. d2H and d18O of 2039 tap waters were measured following Tipple et al., 2017 (Water Research, 119, 212-224). 87Sr/86Sr and elemental compositions of 820 and 806 waters were analyzed following Tipple et al., 2018 (Scientific Reports, 8, 2224), respectively.  The purpose of these data was to assess spatial, temporal, and climatic dynamics in isotope and elemental geochemistry of tap waters. We found that the isotope and elemental geochemistry of tap waters corresponded to the water sources (e.g., transported water, local surface water, groundwater, etc.) and management practices (e.g., storage in open reservoirs, mixing, etc.) for discrete areas within the larger metropolitan areas. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932952"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8378</URL>
<Description>Strontium isotope ratios of human hair from the United States: Patterns and aberrations</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.022</URL>
<Description>Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of tap water reveal structure of the San Francisco Bay Area's water system and adjustments during a major drought</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21359-0</URL>
<Description>Strontium isotope ratios of human hair record intra-city variations in tap water source</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248977.pdf</URL>
<Description>Isotope analyses of hair as a trace evidence tool to reconstruct human movements: combining strontium isotope with hydrogen/oxygen isotope data</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/250339.pdf</URL>
<Description>Isotope analyses of hair as a trace evidence tool to reconstruct human movements: Establishing the effects of the “Human Ecosystem” on strontium and oxygen isotope ratios</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2023-03-29</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-04-30</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
