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Begum, Most Shirina; Bogard, Matthew J; Butman, David; Chea, Eliyan; Kumar, Sanjeev; Lu, Xixi; Nayna, Omme K; Ran, Lishan; Richey, J E; Tareq, Shafi M; Xuan, Do Thi; Yu, Ruihong; Park, Ji-Hyung (2021): Spatiotemporal variation in pCO₂, CH₄, N₂O, DOM, and ancillary water quality measured in the Ganges, Mekong, and Yellow River during 2016 to 2019 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.926582

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Abstract:
Despite growing research on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from inland waters, few systematic efforts have been made to assess the regional-scale GHG emissions from Asian rivers under increasing anthropogenic stress. We examined factors controlling longitudinal and seasonal variations in the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), and CH₄ and N₂O concentrations in the Ganges, Mekong, and Yellow River (Huang He) by simultaneously measuring gas concentrations and stable C isotopes, and optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from 2016 to 2019. The levels of pCO₂ and CH₄ were distinctively higher in polluted tributaries and affected reaches of the Ganges and Mekong than in the Yellow River. The highest levels of N₂O were found in the Ganges, followed by Yellow River and Mekong. Across these basins, dry-season mean concentrations of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O were 1.6, 2, and 7 times higher than those measured in the monsoon season, respectively. This seasonality was consistent with that of δ¹³C-CO₂, while δ¹³C-CH₄ showed an opposite pattern. The overall results suggest that neglecting localized pollution impacts on GHG emissions from increasingly urbanized river basins can result in inaccurate estimates of global riverine GHG emissions.
Keyword(s):
Greenhouse gases; organic matter; water pollution; δ13C
Related to:
Begum, Most Shirina; Bogard, Matthew J; Butman, David; Chea, Eliyan; Kumar, Sanjeev; Lu, Xixi; Nayna, Omme K; Ran, Lishan; Richey, J E; Tareq, Shafi M; Xuan, Do Thi; Yu, Ruihong; Park, Ji-Hyung (accepted): Localized pollution impacts on greenhouse gas dynamics in three anthropogenically modified Asian river systems. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Further details:
Lauerwald, Ronny; Laruelle, Goulven G; Hartmann, Jens; Ciais, Philippe; Regnier, P A (2015): Spatial patterns in CO2 evasion from the global river network. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 29(5), 534-554, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004941
Raymond, Peter A; Zappa, Christopher J; Butman, David; Bott, Thomas L; Potter, Jody; Mulholland, Patrick; Laursen, Andrew E; McDowell, William H; Newbold, Denis (2012): Scaling the gas transfer velocity and hydraulic geometry in streams and small rivers. Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments, 2(1), 41-53, https://doi.org/10.1215/21573689-1597669
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 21.679672 * Median Longitude: 96.205701 * South-bound Latitude: 9.948056 * West-bound Longitude: 77.253333 * North-bound Latitude: 40.519444 * East-bound Longitude: 116.983889
Date/Time Start: 2016-08-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2019-07-03T00:00:00
Event(s):
Ganges_G1  * Latitude: 30.993889 * Longitude: 78.944167 * Date/Time: 2017-07-24T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Ganges_G2  * Latitude: 30.401389 * Longitude: 78.466667 * Date/Time: 2017-07-23T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Ganges_G2_1  * Latitude: 30.146667 * Longitude: 78.597500 * Date/Time: 2018-02-20T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Sampling by hand (HAND)
Comment:
The air-water gas flux (F) of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O was calculated according to the equation F = k ΔC, where k is the gas transfer velocity and ΔC is the air-water gas concentration gradient (Lauerwald et al., 2015). To estimate k, we used a range of k normalized to a Schmidt number of 600 (k600) estimated for global small and large rivers by Lauerwald et al. (2015): 6.61-8.64 m/day for the tributaries and wastewater drains; 3.49-4.41 m/day for the river mainstems.
The actual gas transfer velocity kactual was estimated from k600 and the measured water temperature (Raymond et al., 2012). The fluxes of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O (mg/m²day) were calculated from the estimated kactual and measured ΔC values.
FCO₂-min, FCH₄-min, and FN2O-min were calculated using the lower range of k values
k = 3.49 for mainstem river (i.e., upper, middle, and lower reaches)
k = 6.61 for tributary and wastewater
FCO₂-max, FCH₄-max, and FN₂O-max were calculated with upper range of k values
k = 4.41 for mainstem river (i.e., upper, middle, and lower reaches)
k = 8.64 for tributary and wastewater
The three fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) components from parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis with 126 samples are defined as C1 (humic like), C2 (microbial humic like), and C3 (protein like).
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEventPark, Ji-Hyung
Latitude of eventLatitudePark, Ji-Hyung
Longitude of eventLongitudePark, Ji-Hyung
Date/Time of eventDate/TimePark, Ji-Hyung
RiverRiverPark, Ji-Hyung
Sample commentSample commentPark, Ji-Hyungreach
Sample IDSample IDPark, Ji-Hyung
SeasonSeasonPark, Ji-Hyung
DistanceDistancekmPark, Ji-Hyungfrom river mouth
10 Carbon dioxide (water) partial pressurepCO2(aq)µatmPark, Ji-Hyung
11 MethaneCH4µmol/lPark, Ji-Hyung
12 Nitrous oxide, dissolvedN2Onmol/lPark, Ji-Hyung
13 δ13C, carbon dioxide, dissolvedδ13C CO2‰ PDBPark, Ji-Hyung
14 δ13C, methane, dissolvedδ13C CH4‰ PDBPark, Ji-Hyung
15 Carbon dioxide, flux, in mass carbonCO2 fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)min
16 Carbon dioxide, flux, in mass carbonCO2 fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)max
17 Methane, flux, in mass carbonCH4 fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)min
18 Methane, flux, in mass carbonCH4 fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)max
19 Nitrous oxide, flux, in mass nitrogenN2O fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)min
20 Nitrous oxide, flux, in mass nitrogenN2O fluxmg/m2/dayPark, Ji-HyungAir-water gas flux, river, Lauerwald et al. (2015)max
21 Temperature, waterTemp°CPark, Ji-Hyung
22 pHpHPark, Ji-Hyung
23 Oxygen, dissolvedDOmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
24 Conductivity, electrolyticECµS/cmPark, Ji-Hyung
25 Suspended matter, totalTSSmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
26 Nitrogen in ammoniumN-[NH4]+mg/lPark, Ji-HyungIon chromatography
27 Nitrogen in nitrateN-[NO3]-mg/lPark, Ji-HyungIon chromatography
28 Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolvedDINmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
29 Phosphorus in orthophosphateP-[PO4]3-µg/lPark, Ji-HyungIon chromatography
30 Carbon, organic, particulatePOCmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
31 Nitrogen, organic, particulatePONmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
32 Carbon, organic, dissolvedDOCmg/lPark, Ji-Hyung
33 Fluorescence indexFIPark, Ji-HyungFluorescence index, McKnight et al. (2001)
34 Biological indexBIXPark, Ji-Hyungaccording to Huguet et al. (2009)
35 Humification indexHIXPark, Ji-Hyungaccording to Zsolnay et al. (1999)
36 Specific ultraviolet absorbance normalized to DOC, 254 nm, per mass carbonSUVA254l/mg/mPark, Ji-HyungSpecific UV absorbance 254nm, DOC normalised, Weishaar et al. (2003)
37 Fluorescence, dissolved organic matterfDOM%Park, Ji-HyungParallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)component C1 (humic)
38 Fluorescence, dissolved organic matterfDOM%Park, Ji-HyungParallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)component C2 (microbial humic)
39 Fluorescence, dissolved organic matterfDOM%Park, Ji-HyungParallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)component C3 (protein)
Size:
3479 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Latitude

Longitude

Date/Time

River

Sample comment
(reach)

Sample ID

Season

Distance [km]
(from river mouth)
10 
pCO2(aq) [µatm]
11 
CH4 [µmol/l]
12 
N2O [nmol/l]
13 
δ13C CO2 [‰ PDB]
14 
δ13C CH4 [‰ PDB]
15 
CO2 flux [mg/m2/day]
(min, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
16 
CO2 flux [mg/m2/day]
(max, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
17 
CH4 flux [mg/m2/day]
(min, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
18 
CH4 flux [mg/m2/day]
(max, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
19 
N2O flux [mg/m2/day]
(min, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
20 
N2O flux [mg/m2/day]
(max, Air-water gas flux, rive...)
21 
Temp [°C]
22 
pH
23 
DO [mg/l]
24 
EC [µS/cm]
25 
TSS [mg/l]
26 
N-[NH4]+ [mg/l]
(Ion chromatography)
27 
N-[NO3]- [mg/l]
(Ion chromatography)
28 
DIN [mg/l]
29 
P-[PO4]3- [µg/l]
(Ion chromatography)
30 
POC [mg/l]
31 
PON [mg/l]
32 
DOC [mg/l]
33 
FI
(Fluorescence index, McKnight ...)
34 
BIX
(according to Huguet et al. (2...)
35 
HIX
(according to Zsolnay et al. (...)
36 
SUVA254 [l/mg/m]
(Specific UV absorbance 254nm,...)
37 
fDOM [%]
(component C1 (humic), Paralle...)
38 
fDOM [%]
(component C2 (microbial humic...)
39 
fDOM [%]
(component C3 (protein), Paral...)
Ganges_J1 30.977878.44062017-07-25GangesUpperJ1Monsoon2946423.350.008.94-15.70-50.86143.717181.602-2.235-2.8240.0780.09911.807.938.2074.0071.140.180.182.490.591.431.130.5019.259.0643.7743.6212.62
Ganges_J2 30.500877.79752017-07-25GangesUpperJ2Monsoon2834224.360.047.99-20.81-60.40-299.753-378.771-1.815-2.294-0.059-0.07521.208.068.50123.001940.570.320.328.392.221.111.260.5911.817.2238.2543.2418.50
Ganges_G1 30.993978.94422017-07-24GangesUpperG1Monsoon2637394.980.0010.99-10.17-51.91235.190297.188-1.629-2.0580.1100.1394.007.218.7089.003211.570.150.150.700.080.191.480.822.195.6322.9637.6139.43
Ganges_J3 28.600677.26082017-07-28GangesMiddleJ3Monsoon25565659.5314.3141.50-15.42-45.468418.61310637.847813.4151027.8404.8766.16131.507.951.80418.50254.432.380.492.87159.144.100.912.761.580.723.165.0922.2626.7251.02
Ganges_W1 28.610877.25442017-07-28GangesWastewaterW1Monsoon25561533.223.4565.28-15.19-41.543012.6483937.864398.177520.46118.30423.92534.608.4312.901507.0060.003.190.083.27410.895.741.009.441.540.893.354.5623.8831.1145.01
Ganges_G2 30.401478.46672017-07-23GangesUpperG2Monsoon24920.017.60-5.97-50.99-3.361-4.2470.1620.20528.008.668.8086.007.430.120.121.150.170.951.300.745.435.3626.4433.8639.70
Ganges_G3 30.128678.33002017-07-21GangesUpperG3Monsoon2394301.970.038.48-14.91-55.15-102.999-130.151-1.692-2.1380.0090.01119.308.329.40107.50393.000.050.290.341.180.621.220.6111.346.9936.9144.8118.28
Ganges_G4 30.076178.28722017-07-21GangesUpperG4Monsoon2385180.480.048.79-10.20-55.01-355.296-448.956-1.249-1.5780.0380.04819.708.489.20106.0059.330.060.270.330.521.151.250.636.014.2031.1238.5530.33
Ganges_J4 27.176178.04392017-07-29GangesMiddleJ4Monsoon22495195.236.37245.07-17.29-44.927600.5529604.136362.193457.67134.88944.08631.608.234.11896.3029.297.070.467.53360.023.240.665.021.640.803.576.2822.2430.2747.49
Ganges_G5 26.417580.42812017-07-30GangesMiddleG5Monsoon17551688.611.6823.60-16.81-41.641891.0882389.59989.926113.6322.1592.72830.908.055.70225.80341.290.290.580.871.960.471.811.550.734.756.8525.8936.3237.79
Ganges_W2 26.417880.42692017-07-30GangesWastewaterW2Monsoon175516187.2055.4932.53-17.75-48.7448662.38763607.1145745.6287510.1705.9997.84130.008.032.801180.00133.201987.9239.477.4531.281.650.850.873.249.4916.6873.83
Ganges_G6 25.425381.88812017-07-31GangesMiddleG6Monsoon15061767.550.596.79-18.39-47.722023.6242557.07228.96536.600-0.323-0.40831.008.137.24294.2087.7510.080.9511.032.380.562.311.350.758.787.8930.3545.9023.75
Ganges_G7 25.302283.00942017-08-01GangesMiddleG7Monsoon12931250.240.428.13-20.67-47.391108.9031401.22119.06024.084-0.066-0.08431.008.076.35219.00194.001.031.032.410.541.931.380.749.147.8930.4246.6622.92
Ganges_W3 25.285083.00362017-08-01GangesWastewaterW3Monsoon129327289.88142.63325.72-14.64-47.9183361.950108963.27515050.49019672.65385.063111.18630.607.362.30394.00101.480.080.081069.6227.021.9812.021.640.771.924.0416.6124.9558.44
Ganges_G8 25.614285.20222017-08-03GangesMiddleG8Monsoon9661292.750.615.79-15.96-47.801185.8051498.39528.68536.247-0.538-0.68030.308.116.30198.50416.864.770.545.314.881.461.801.360.7111.048.0833.2247.3119.47
Ganges_G9 24.814287.91722017-08-04GangesLowerG9Monsoon5461584.650.686.64-17.83-51.421675.6172117.32733.12141.852-0.365-0.46230.508.045.70182.00132.040.100.390.492.880.611.681.340.7010.428.5633.3346.7119.96
Ganges_H1 22.550088.32362017-08-05GangesLowerH1Monsoon1313164.901.3916.91-21.02-34.704280.3365408.67670.92189.6161.1271.42431.507.823.70212.10235.570.090.200.292.810.642.551.380.738.167.3430.6744.5924.74
Ganges_W4 22.546188.32562017-08-05GangesWastewaterW4Monsoon1312442.961.5212.40-18.26-38.193078.0153889.41181.338102.7800.5180.65431.407.803.50219.60153.090.190.250.442.580.552.511.380.749.368.4532.0845.7422.18
Ganges_G11 24.041489.02812017-08-14GangesLowerG11Monsoon3661038.840.115.87-19.37-50.56682.460862.364-0.152-0.192-0.423-0.53427.707.415.61118.80828.200.530.535.461.131.371.330.6910.533.0832.4946.7420.77
Ganges_T1 24.385089.80222017-08-14GangesTributaryT1Monsoon2761100.720.154.59-17.88-37.35729.607921.9392.7443.468-0.624-0.78830.008.154.6781.00760.200.240.240.981.270.6311.603.0633.9846.4719.55
Ganges_G13 23.472290.25532017-08-12GangesLowerG13Monsoon2141030.930.094.78-17.06-45.10661.275835.594-2.217-2.801-0.462-0.58429.306.117.4645.10416.600.220.223.110.501.001.270.6310.492.3533.0446.1920.77
Ganges_G14 23.234490.64502017-08-04GangesLowerG14Monsoon1681318.850.086.21-21.90-49.791253.2771583.654-1.506-1.903-0.358-0.45327.506.786.2599.0039.800.160.1680.870.960.282.311.340.679.403.1031.5344.7023.77
Ganges_T2 23.649490.62532017-08-11GangesTributaryT2Monsoon1681337.360.066.82-18.74-50.632394.1743129.450-4.238-5.540-0.204-0.26729.006.265.8922.4024.100.160.161.541.320.699.962.7431.1346.3522.52
Ganges_T3 23.548990.57922017-08-04GangesTributaryT3Monsoon1681928.330.086.19-16.74-48.014232.9195532.892-2.683-3.507-0.643-0.84028.006.666.6599.0026.200.170.140.312.241.340.697.072.7827.5839.5232.90
Ganges_T4 23.593690.47442017-08-04GangesTributaryT4Monsoon1683905.260.0619.38-17.58-48.4910324.60813495.403-3.347-4.3742.5443.32625.507.175.5258.0047.250.270.410.6899.462.220.353.181.360.696.702.1626.2934.2139.49
Ganges_W6 23.823190.25832017-08-16GangesWastewaterW6Monsoon1682200.860.769.22-24.30-41.985079.0896638.93146.69761.0380.2230.29226.007.235.55121.6080.400.320.180.502.071.390.669.542.8627.2736.9835.76
Ganges_W7 23.845890.24192017-08-16GangesWastewaterW7Monsoon1682114.880.559.05-22.39-43.644783.5396252.61439.04451.0340.3240.42327.006.946.72121.6082.800.160.180.331.731.350.677.542.8528.3737.9033.73
Ganges_J3_1 28.626977.25332018-02-18GangesMiddleJ3Dry255620580.41172.1323.99-17.37-48.9932150.61440625.8487260.7999174.8211.3921.75921.407.330.062203.0076.3321.550.0521.611579.9716.892.6026.271.670.861.421.1311.4119.5069.10
Ganges_G2_1 30.146778.59752018-02-20GangesUpperG2Dry2452520.890.039.06-15.53-51.46252004.271318435.197-1635.879-2067.113-0.081-0.10315.107.609.97142.0016.350.040.200.220.591.320.766.251.7926.5741.6831.75
Ganges_G3_1 30.132878.33082018-02-21GangesUpperG3Dry2394335.260.0210.07-13.35-52.89-65.005-82.141-2.165-2.736-0.003-0.00415.808.1010.10147.0018.000.210.210.530.120.601.270.737.231.8728.3443.8527.81
Ganges_G7_1 25.303183.00942018-02-16GangesMiddleG7Dry1293825.060.3419.32-15.48-41.20627.059792.35910.93413.8170.9071.14620.808.328.54473.0057.400.040.380.431.680.272.541.450.913.031.9417.2131.8550.94
Ganges_J3_2 28.600677.26082019-06-09GangesMiddleJ3Dry255612995.9568.7010.02-16.55-50.2621212.39926804.2064421.7635587.3861.0191.28734.907.301.801405.0040.501027.558.841.610.952.682.2418.4326.8554.72
Ganges_H1_1 22.552588.30082018-02-14GangesLowerH1Dry131883.653.3811.13-22.38669.782846.344138.441174.9360.0600.07621.208.369.52370.00106.200.220.020.242.740.471.421.470.893.081.9518.7834.0347.19
Ganges_W4_1 22.547888.32472018-02-13GangesWastewaterW4Dry13118623.08234.820.47-13.71-47.7654580.05371342.15719982.45726119.278-2.487-3.25123.507.170.071159.00133.0010.910.0710.981076.7916.582.4016.601.620.991.100.8510.5422.0767.39
Ganges_H2 22.184488.18922018-02-13GangesLowerH2Dry632035.560.0911.16-15.50-49.562467.9763118.5600.1440.182-0.006-0.00821.607.917.001352.00270.000.510.220.730.691.410.884.412.2822.0439.0338.93
Ganges_H3 21.880388.16392018-02-13GangesLowerH3Dry271116.990.038.53-12.57-56.86903.3631141.499-2.374-3.000-0.240-0.30323.408.078.0417330.00145.670.200.200.400.661.320.864.881.8521.7540.0038.25
Ganges_G10 24.461788.62002019-02-05GangesLowerG10Dry445284.870.122.12-17.09-319.768-404.0621.1821.493-0.058-0.07422.708.6311.64332.3085.331.911.443.280.901.2720.4236.6542.93
Ganges_W5 24.539488.61002019-02-05GangesTributaryW5Dry44519384.47164.16101.77-16.6857348.72374961.11413773.28818003.20920.17826.37523.007.262.87925.300.0024.310.2424.541586.161.511.300.790.6010.9820.9968.04
Ganges_G11_1 24.065389.02442018-02-02GangesLowerG11Dry366895.480.558.63-16.72-46.71676.224854.48316.56520.932-0.313-0.39619.438.1110.741256.0061.800.040.041.480.221.421.390.893.101.2018.4935.1246.39
Ganges_G11_2 24.273189.10942019-02-06GangesLowerG11Dry366609.620.522.27-22.92273.722351.32020.78126.5570.0470.06220.958.4110.16339.250.000.040.041.393.850.871.7514.5524.9960.46
Ganges_G12 23.769289.78752018-02-09GangesLowerG12Dry2762599.441.1610.00-15.68-52.553427.2104330.65845.61357.638-0.090-0.11421.557.929.20372.101.481.420.992.031.6714.8128.0957.10
Ganges_T1_1 24.385389.80172018-02-03GangesTributaryT1Dry276664.460.159.03-18.29-45.82305.477386.0041.6132.039-0.280-0.35321.908.4611.411154.0055.600.030.050.090.521.360.803.741.5320.4835.4344.09
Ganges_G13_1 23.723190.39192019-02-19GangesLowerG13Dry214453.911.441.73-18.21-207.572-262.29162.92479.511-0.064-0.08125.008.20218.2098.020.981.352.780.791.5719.1932.7648.05
Ganges_G14_1 23.256790.64192018-02-10GangesLowerG14Dry168881.820.2418.08-16.99-59.07808.6451056.98810.74814.0491.3001.70021.808.249.02234.4026.200.240.241.030.181.171.361.172.981.5214.8429.4455.72
Ganges_T2_1 23.649490.62532018-02-05GangesTributaryT2Dry1685027.690.7712.88-18.21-49.9013869.87718129.46156.21673.4800.4200.54922.307.118.941213.0017.800.050.280.321.601.370.716.232.2225.5140.0934.40
Ganges_W6_1 23.823390.25812018-02-06GangesWastewaterW6Dry16811494.5178.201699.86-20.77-48.5833552.83643857.2627095.2079274.219380.253497.03225.607.650.15109.706.746.741937.3819.161.330.843.751.3811.3412.7175.95
Ganges_W7_1 23.845890.24252018-02-08GangesWastewaterW7Dry16810634.0643.0443.72-19.69-50.0130936.16340436.9824063.0195310.8157.2579.48627.107.480.311086.0098.404.674.67781.9913.901.400.792.961.5611.1813.9874.84
Ganges_W8 23.788190.24192018-02-07GangesWastewaterW8Dry1683684.5230.169.43-21.81-54.239545.43512476.9382533.4073311.443-0.815-1.06623.207.390.071059.00131.405.225.22443.507.731.401.151.342.404.8710.0185.12
Ganges_T4_1 23.571190.50832018-02-10GangesTributaryT4Dry16812199.82120.1517.82-18.85-48.8535548.66946466.0369938.37712990.5561.3681.78822.657.380.21821.4562.6011.095.54801.0717.892.298.001.410.733.532.4013.8916.7269.38
Ganges_T4_2 23.823190.55532019-02-19GangesTributaryT4Dry16814080.13118.16157.41-21.8441247.06553914.46910476.88513694.44634.43345.00825.007.38971.300.0016.060.2516.301374.521.542.810.630.8213.7317.8568.42
Ganges_T5 23.578390.56032018-02-10GangesTributaryT5Dry1686123.1320.5428.82-18.16-48.9617016.78622242.8191707.3372231.6783.4884.56022.907.304.16353.0030.600.360.364.221.380.881.732.279.9915.8874.14
Ganges_T3_1 23.448690.58692018-02-10GangesTributaryT3Dry1687381.960.2372.26-18.85-49.1220685.46127038.1828.73811.42111.90015.55521.706.880.88238.5022.401.321.322.111.370.725.042.5721.0228.6350.36
Ganges_T6 23.346490.61192018-02-10GangesTributaryT6Dry1687783.9923.18105.00-18.71-48.8622117.98628910.6511897.4482480.17418.78224.55022.307.231.39402.8034.200.830.837.630.954.251.400.881.932.4310.4816.7372.79
Mekong_M1 32.936795.12832016-08-08MekongUpperM1Monsoon46281551.810.01-14.55-42.331800.8252275.541-3.466-4.38015.1010.676.18738.00375.400.390.391.230.170.531.490.916.181.8030.4347.0022.57
Mekong_M2 22.0333100.78332018-08-04MekongMiddleM2Monsoon27622947.720.0713.81-14.383992.4725044.929-0.372-0.4700.8501.07423.807.505.20314.0054.800.000.750.751.090.121.381.310.738.842.5130.1147.0522.85
Mekong_M3 21.9978100.84442018-08-04MekongMiddleM3Monsoon27542610.030.1511.28-16.773378.9214269.6403.4714.3860.5490.69423.807.505.40299.00171.600.000.730.732.830.421.871.550.716.352.3329.5040.9429.57
Mekong_M9 10.1525105.65312017-08-18MekongLowerM9Monsoon972857.820.1711.02-22.30-35.803775.8374771.1874.2475.3660.3580.45326.707.1589.2011.900.230.231.360.171.881.280.6313.603.7135.1047.2517.65
Mekong_M10 10.1300105.68752017-08-18MekongLowerM10Monsoon862296.090.189.31-21.85-33.912819.9763563.3515.1126.460-0.054-0.06827.107.0487.9012.400.250.251.861.280.6314.743.2135.4347.4317.14
Mekong_M11 10.0197105.80532017-08-18MekongLowerM11Monsoon742633.320.119.04-22.60-24.053404.5414302.0141.5691.983-0.029-0.03627.306.7091.5023.000.260.261.360.141.881.280.6313.273.1034.6347.1518.22
Mekong_T5 9.9867105.71362017-08-18MekongTributaryT5Monsoon747752.850.8651.50-21.33-38.3222262.64429099.73572.05594.1849.78612.79226.706.41150.1043.700.160.300.4689.682.961.320.6112.343.9134.4944.8620.65
Mekong_T6 10.0083105.75752017-08-18MekongTributaryT6Monsoon743959.840.2316.33-21.72-33.4310521.96713753.37314.07418.3961.5732.05726.906.7299.6027.200.090.380.462.131.290.6313.223.8735.6246.6217.76
Mekong_T7 10.0319105.79002017-08-18MekongTributaryT7Monsoon743077.100.2911.03-21.67-33.977808.49510206.56619.97426.1080.4190.54826.806.6991.7019.800.270.271.340.141.911.270.6312.883.3534.8746.9918.14
Mekong_W5 9.9936105.74002017-08-18MekongWastewaterW5Monsoon747085.990.4941.19-23.28-32.5320203.81126408.61337.43948.9367.4059.68026.806.42137.8040.500.160.490.6512.073.191.300.649.823.7632.1043.0724.83
Mekong_W6 10.0053105.74692017-08-18MekongWastewaterW6Monsoon744616.930.2019.51-23.46-23.6512603.15016473.70910.16613.2892.3233.03626.906.48109.0023.400.110.380.492.241.280.6311.624.4334.7146.0219.27
Mekong_W7 10.0428105.78472017-08-18MekongWastewaterW7Monsoon742779.800.279.76-24.13-36.656780.6118863.00718.48424.161-0.169-0.22127.106.6291.9014.600.230.231.991.290.6213.723.0935.2347.2717.51
Mekong_M5 11.7278104.97192017-09-01MekongLowerM5Monsoon3342015.780.032.94-24.34-36.092357.2162978.602-5.459-6.898-1.193-1.50729.157.458.05130.00119.800.350.351.900.291.701.290.6415.513.2335.6248.1716.21
Mekong_M6 11.5828104.94442017-08-31MekongLowerM6Monsoon3161987.140.014.78-21.98-36.032311.3852920.690-6.355-8.030-0.945-1.19429.307.487.24123.0077.000.320.321.701.290.6314.953.2035.5847.6716.74
Mekong_M7 11.5297104.93332017-08-31MekongLowerM7Monsoon3091845.910.104.13-21.92-58.882088.8992639.554-1.607-2.031-1.019-1.28829.367.547.75119.0068.400.330.331.771.270.6215.403.2235.2448.4416.32
Mekong_M8 11.5506104.96862017-08-31MekongLowerM8Monsoon3131910.510.034.13-21.86-42.892187.5162764.168-5.240-6.621-1.033-1.30529.477.507.46122.0087.700.290.291.560.151.821.280.6313.482.9334.6147.4917.90
Mekong_T2 11.6747104.85722017-09-01MekongTributaryT2Monsoon3134139.980.414.00-20.66-32.0611059.11114455.48029.74038.874-2.062-2.69530.377.226.28133.0039.000.200.202.261.310.687.582.8829.6643.6226.72
Mekong_T3 11.5906104.92142017-08-31MekongTributaryT3Monsoon3131859.960.203.51-24.47-49.783967.1755185.5366.4958.489-2.149-2.81029.527.527.11128.0046.200.290.291.771.290.6512.783.0533.5446.6019.86
Mekong_T4 11.5672104.93502017-08-31MekongTributaryT4Monsoon3131862.650.203.55-21.84-55.213988.0765212.8556.4958.490-2.109-2.75729.237.477.07127.0057.500.290.291.090.111.731.280.6412.773.0834.0646.9119.03
Mekong_W1 11.6597104.86112017-09-01MekongWastewaterW1Monsoon3131101.275.91-15.19-39.511570.8792053.313622.554813.74731.228.202.67365.0042.400.570.601.17528.618.861.450.836.062.1728.4032.5539.05
Mekong_W2 11.6381104.88282017-09-01MekongWastewaterW2Monsoon31327348.88455.756.94-13.34-44.8983597.693109271.41748730.21963695.778-1.299-1.69731.007.010.86551.0078.006.926.92989.724.711.0010.471.470.773.011.5320.8831.8447.28
Mekong_M2_1 22.0342100.78282019-07-02MekongMiddleM2Dry27622495.410.0310.54-16.613282.4954147.794-1.986-2.5090.7850.99221.406.435.30380.0051.600.000.390.391.061.330.965.602.0122.3543.1134.54
Mekong_M3_1 21.9972100.84442019-07-02MekongMiddleM3Dry27542458.630.2715.34-20.233273.2694136.1368.29210.4781.4511.83322.407.705.90372.00113.400.000.500.501.121.350.806.942.0326.5944.5628.84
Mekong_M4 20.2542100.17812019-07-03MekongMiddleM4Dry24031384.150.112.18-17.101448.6411830.5181.7172.170-0.095-0.12025.908.007.60322.0083.680.000.440.441.341.310.739.422.0829.2147.9822.81
Mekong_T1 20.2272100.12922019-07-03MekongTributaryT1Dry24031346.680.154.39-23.982594.4883391.2827.82610.2290.9401.22831.307.606.70222.0074.780.000.290.292.521.280.6516.093.1633.9148.9417.15
Mekong_M5_1 11.7272104.97312017-01-14MekongLowerM5Dry334432.510.30-24.02-58.14-309.405-390.9688.32310.51728.908.39185.5018.000.110.260.380.610.041.051.350.934.992.5227.0044.6028.40
Mekong_M6_1 11.5850104.94362017-01-13MekongLowerM6Dry316606.330.25-22.79-59.66-17.697-22.3624.0125.07025.007.848.05182.3016.600.100.280.391.261.350.875.001.9926.8645.9127.23
Mekong_M7_1 11.5322104.93222017-01-14MekongLowerM7Dry3093505.732.18-21.16-51.084648.4025873.769107.697136.08729.207.19104.9027.600.120.130.240.840.113.611.360.847.852.9630.8548.7420.41
Mekong_M8_1 11.5472104.96972017-01-13MekongLowerM8Dry3132015.970.53-20.54-48.462139.2602703.19016.76621.18625.007.206.31125.3020.900.190.190.770.072.871.360.857.382.5829.6948.8321.49
Mekong_T2_1 11.6681104.86112017-01-15MekongTributaryT2Dry3133767.890.95-22.31-42.999644.67312606.65284.527110.48629.407.0283.0825.000.090.080.184.351.340.837.963.0431.4149.2419.35
Mekong_T3_1 11.5892104.92142017-01-13MekongTributaryT3Dry3133739.55-21.60-54.419719.62512704.62325.006.934.7986.0035.800.070.080.164.161.360.848.642.9331.5549.2719.18
Mekong_T4_1 11.5675104.93332017-01-13MekongTributaryT4Dry3133928.430.88-21.48-40.2810282.53613440.41061.14279.91925.006.824.6186.2035.600.090.090.180.960.113.471.330.827.893.0531.0649.2519.69
Mekong_W1_1 11.6597104.86082017-01-15MekongWastewaterW1Dry3131766.314.60-22.03-44.513516.5994596.584448.461586.18929.307.53176.0071.600.620.090.71328.397.211.600.854.832.3631.6832.9335.39
Mekong_W2_1 11.6397104.88392017-01-15MekongWastewaterW2Dry31334150.57395.91-16.37-44.11103817.457135700.88240053.79752354.73629.207.002.27721.90174.8021.5621.561268.005.810.8910.051.651.091.431.5818.6731.0750.26
Mekong_W3 11.5786104.92442017-01-16MekongWastewaterW3Dry31320984.11178.58-20.00-48.3462789.19582072.41218006.92823537.04329.407.432.04809.3082.4035.5435.542818.1836.743.1350.171.811.050.770.6612.8228.2158.97
Mekong_W4 11.5775104.92562017-01-15MekongWastewaterW4Dry31317606.4815.03-24.42-51.3452721.17368912.3961541.0052014.26429.907.211.31588.9038.409.270.489.75987.115.581.710.962.181.7523.9631.1944.86
Mekong_M9_1 10.1511105.65362017-04-15MekongLowerM9Dry973285.910.0717.89-17.13-44.884481.5115662.883-0.326-0.4121.1861.49928.107.53140.3083.000.320.320.560.051.841.330.636.593.0029.2845.5725.15
Mekong_M10_1 10.1292105.68502017-04-15MekongLowerM10Dry863420.870.0413.88-15.99-41.044738.1435987.166-2.113-2.6690.6800.86028.107.46148.6064.600.330.331.541.310.637.743.4129.6647.2723.07
Mekong_M11_1 10.0197105.80832017-04-15MekongLowerM11Dry743729.140.1416.83-17.48-44.415226.9306604.8023.5564.4941.0841.37028.207.52153.2058.200.520.520.650.051.491.330.637.553.8930.0446.7223.24
Mekong_T5_1 9.9481105.72222017-04-15MekongTributaryT5Dry746228.910.9734.16-17.33-45.0417634.59923050.36989.692117.2376.3788.33728.907.52166.2028.700.070.620.6983.162.361.340.619.183.8733.4645.6220.91
Mekong_T6_1 10.0058105.76222017-04-15MekongTributaryT6Dry745454.400.4430.60-15.86-39.4615216.78719890.02136.50047.7095.5567.26328.507.38157.1043.600.420.421.771.340.636.603.6130.8344.4424.73
Mekong_T7_1 10.0275105.78782017-04-15MekongTributaryT7Dry744086.350.2419.75-16.94-38.4010971.78814341.33916.17421.1412.6243.43028.507.41157.4056.600.570.570.620.061.641.320.638.073.7330.7746.9122.32
Mekong_W5_1 9.9583105.72562017-04-15MekongWastewaterW5Dry746247.580.9235.52-17.43-44.0817635.14423051.08181.671106.7536.6068.63528.007.36164.2027.600.660.662.371.350.629.043.5732.9145.5321.57
Mekong_W6_1 10.0033105.74442017-04-15MekongWastewaterW6Dry745313.590.2528.02-15.84-36.9614788.73319330.50717.79223.2554.8396.32528.807.37158.8042.600.690.691.851.370.638.033.8431.4545.9022.65
Mekong_W7_1 10.0378105.78972017-04-15MekongWastewaterW7Dry748195.6927.38197.85-14.89-44.6323681.34130954.1282730.6923569.31647.76362.43128.807.47162.2059.400.770.461.2388.702.041.490.625.323.2931.1340.1628.71
Yellow_Y1 34.885698.17002017-08-10YellowUpperY1Monsoon5201694.442.00-16.16-43.71372.140470.24078.47199.15721.207.755.60668.0062.000.730.063.731.330.982.011.0221.8835.3742.75
Yellow_Y2 36.0403101.39782017-08-13YellowUpperY2Monsoon37501258.130.08-20.42-45.261386.4361751.915-2.156-2.72410.809.588.90327.00112.600.840.840.770.101.371.360.905.942.1827.2249.3123.46
Yellow_Y3 40.5194110.26392017-08-03YellowMiddleY3Monsoon21724860.790.1519.00-19.54-40.217360.2999300.5494.2565.3780.5580.70535.107.731.75910.000.00
Yellow_Y4 40.2633111.06112017-08-14YellowMiddleY4Monsoon20412707.520.2835.81-14.97-50.593650.2364612.4769.01911.3962.2132.79624.008.1412.96926.0058.000.104.955.054.890.4410.371.481.141.911.3910.6936.8552.47
Yellow_T1 40.2631111.07282017-09-29YellowTributaryT1Monsoon20412647.040.2335.87-20.10-48.656895.5989013.3089.47112.3802.9793.89415.108.378.53987.0062.530.114.544.6515.781.8311.351.531.161.731.3710.3736.9752.66
Yellow_Y5 35.6597110.59642018-08-01YellowMiddleY5Monsoon13131314.390.063.73-21.54966.7001221.533-1.273-1.609-0.329-0.41528.608.138.30754.001941.601.911.917.691.612.261.390.779.742.2929.2446.1224.64
Yellow_Y6 34.8319111.33812018-08-02YellowMiddleY6Monsoon10562241.680.267.40-20.322793.3613529.7209.40611.8860.1240.15729.307.906.30935.501909.202.782.789.912.632.301.420.788.242.4128.6744.6926.64
Yellow_T2 37.3747110.36422018-07-01YellowTributaryT2Monsson15211024.0027.008.468.468.467.02
Yellow_T2_1 37.3747110.36422018-03-01YellowTributaryT2Dry1521928.0013.208.368.368.367.10
Yellow_Y4_1 40.2633111.07392018-05-21YellowMiddleY4Dry20411253.060.197.60-15.75-55.551381.8941746.1754.0725.1460.3010.38118.508.107.45871.601656.390.511.552.067.861.512.261.370.805.662.1124.2542.3033.45
Yellow_T1_1 40.2581111.14812018-05-21YellowTributaryT1Dry20414428.753.75143.77-17.75-32.0812210.47815960.444268.784351.33024.36731.85018.707.944.281514.0063.141.061.702.76868.414.100.727.991.540.973.801.9620.5238.9440.54
Yellow_Y7 34.9053113.67782018-05-18YellowLowerY7Dry7811513.280.1315.83-17.33-48.851766.4152232.0601.4901.8830.7951.00516.008.148.781092.00161.154.164.160.930.202.291.410.962.872.1016.0034.9949.01
Yellow_Y8 36.7239116.98392018-05-20YellowLowerY8Dry2701442.860.067.86-15.81-52.361549.5481958.025-0.996-1.2580.3670.46322.608.188.081048.001480.174.104.102.301.411.002.872.0416.5834.5748.85