Citation:

PANGAEA.926087

Name: Fluxes of largest volcanic peaks in the EDC sulfate record
Published: 2021-01-06
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: EPICA; ice; Ice core; sulfate; volcanic

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Abstract:

An existing ice core sulfate dataset was processed to identify the largest volcanic eruption peaks of the last 203 kyr. The dataset used consisted of high resolution sulfate data (previously archived at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/31332), analysed by fast ion chromatography, from the EPICA Dome C ice core. To process the data, a background was removed, and fluxes of sulfate deposited were calculated for every peak above background, using a consistent method that corrects for ice accumulation rate and thinning. A threshold flux of 20 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹ has been used to ensure that only peaks of definite volcanic origin are listed. This dataset lists the depths, ages (AICC2012 age model) and fluxes of each peak with a flux > 20 mg m⁻² yr⁻¹.

Keyword(s):

EPICA; ice; Ice core; sulfate; volcanic

Related to:

Wolff, Eric William; Burke, Andrea; Crick, Laura; Doyle, Emily A; Innes, Helen M; Mahony, Sue H; Rae, James W B; Severi, Mirko; Sparks, R Stephen J (2023): Frequency of large volcanic eruptions over the past 200 000 years. Climate of the Past, 19(1), 23-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-23-2023

Coverage:

Latitude: -75.102000 * Longitude: 123.395000

Minimum DEPTH, ice/snow: 12.15 m * Maximum DEPTH, ice/snow: 2093.43 m

Event(s):

DomeC * Latitude: -75.102000 * Longitude: 123.395000 * Elevation: 3233.0 m * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	DEPTH, ice/snow	Depth ice/snow	m	Wolff, Eric William	Geocode
2	AGE	Age	ka BP	Wolff, Eric William	Geocode
3	Sulfate, flux	[SO4]2- flux	mg/m²/a	Wolff, Eric William

Change history:

2022-09-06T08:24:58 – Update of few ages and Sulfate flux values

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

688 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth ice/snow [m]	2 Age [ka BP]	3 [SO4]2- flux [mg/m²/a]
12.15	0.125	53.40
29.57	0.497	40.05
36.76	0.667	21.03
37.44	0.684	22.43
37.92	0.696	74.52
39.03	0.725	31.02
41.33	0.786	27.64
60.22	1.277	36.49
64.00	1.381	32.03
73.39	1.651	33.19
75.59	1.718	21.71
96.93	2.392	37.54
130.58	3.523	46.38
133.65	3.627	24.24
135.39	3.686	20.93
141.37	3.888	25.75
144.73	4.006	43.04
162.97	4.645	21.16
169.24	4.873	37.35
175.94	5.112	20.28
208.56	6.296	60.07
209.70	6.339	53.14
213.81	6.492	50.86
215.53	6.556	56.56
215.75	6.565	95.96
218.81	6.681	26.65
232.56	7.193	30.18
243.13	7.600	73.89
251.21	7.894	32.74
259.25	8.204	29.20
263.97	8.393	25.86
270.39	8.641	57.52
282.96	9.106	23.94
304.19	9.849	22.87
305.51	9.893	29.07
312.66	10.143	54.42
321.85	10.456	29.70
342.62	11.180	20.10
344.77	11.256	30.59
352.80	11.541	69.88
387.24	13.027	49.76
389.26	13.136	78.47
392.95	13.334	29.04
404.10	13.923	39.83
427.85	15.126	26.93
428.13	15.142	30.16
432.00	15.348	31.84
438.10	15.683	78.65
451.52	16.504	44.21
453.99	16.664	94.56
464.98	17.444	20.44
481.55	18.766	26.07
481.84	18.790	27.95
482.39	18.837	22.70
492.55	19.646	73.62
493.37	19.709	21.24
494.66	19.804	115.47
501.05	20.305	25.79
502.75	20.437	24.71
506.02	20.683	44.21
508.09	20.846	22.55
509.91	20.980	24.29
510.08	20.993	47.66
512.58	21.183	41.69
514.80	21.354	21.93
517.61	21.572	23.59
532.31	22.755	25.98
540.14	23.404	26.42
540.34	23.421	40.09
541.92	23.558	26.97
546.38	23.940	21.41
547.31	24.025	35.96
553.31	24.593	24.29
560.03	25.255	20.93
562.09	25.462	22.61
564.32	25.697	34.91
565.34	25.804	21.90
566.04	25.876	24.12
567.46	26.019	27.33
567.92	26.066	48.37
587.43	28.004	28.33
590.38	28.273	21.06
593.31	28.545	43.84
606.83	29.737	37.32
615.90	30.526	43.92
626.47	31.489	66.01
626.98	31.538	27.36
628.24	31.661	22.24
628.49	31.685	26.62
630.14	31.843	31.56
632.27	32.046	191.48
636.33	32.416	86.16
637.40	32.510	27.84
644.73	33.189	27.32
645.20	33.238	101.54
653.19	33.973	26.56
661.81	34.818	56.43
666.32	35.245	24.45
670.98	35.660	26.11
677.13	36.199	107.31
677.83	36.260	30.80
679.52	36.419	31.90
684.03	36.832	31.58
689.07	37.274	45.98
695.56	37.803	21.94
698.66	38.040	21.81
698.99	38.064	25.90
700.55	38.169	29.96
701.20	38.211	67.89
702.50	38.294	36.93
711.66	38.955	38.22
719.01	39.483	39.82
723.80	39.872	58.66
726.26	40.075	48.94
737.56	41.022	56.67
737.82	41.046	52.43
739.16	41.160	67.67
746.03	41.768	23.16
746.45	41.809	20.92
748.14	41.977	119.12
750.31	42.196	117.76
753.41	42.490	20.23
754.31	42.572	41.20
760.14	43.093	54.66
762.23	43.271	26.25
763.63	43.397	23.21
764.89	43.508	51.10
768.36	43.822	26.11
773.50	44.305	20.31
775.01	44.441	32.21
777.64	44.685	329.92
780.58	44.949	44.77
787.16	45.514	84.92
790.52	45.785	44.03
791.87	45.888	75.54
793.31	45.994	24.24
793.91	46.038	26.11
797.39	46.315	28.10
798.50	46.402	124.62
802.71	46.711	29.48
805.22	46.917	32.53
805.63	46.951	28.07
808.70	47.213	28.73
818.41	48.134	29.69
822.07	48.543	26.18
825.98	48.971	56.29
827.97	49.177	21.34
828.54	49.237	45.25
841.61	50.593	30.24
848.32	51.252	49.26
856.23	52.036	27.46
856.76	52.087	68.09
857.92	52.194	24.15
859.48	52.342	156.08
859.70	52.363	81.78
866.50	52.966	22.41
871.43	53.394	84.97
874.22	53.635	99.51
877.45	53.899	49.29
880.52	54.139	61.47
891.36	55.079	33.76
893.63	55.293	39.65
900.91	55.973	38.11
901.19	55.998	22.95
913.03	57.165	31.60
913.23	57.183	26.68
914.16	57.274	51.34
914.42	57.299	105.30
916.75	57.519	21.80
918.96	57.724	26.54
919.17	57.743	67.21
920.95	57.899	31.39
925.74	58.305	24.22
927.11	58.431	64.94
929.20	58.614	51.26
939.56	59.493	33.54
941.29	59.633	34.42
944.54	59.895	48.17
946.10	60.026	47.95
952.60	60.571	29.39
954.12	60.703	20.62
956.35	60.895	23.88
956.92	60.941	32.32
961.22	61.324	25.51
962.00	61.395	58.40
963.98	61.573	21.55
964.44	61.613	39.58
967.24	61.858	21.85
970.63	62.163	27.09
974.44	62.510	22.01
975.67	62.626	65.99
976.53	62.706	22.56
976.94	62.744	26.84
980.08	63.046	27.10
982.88	63.330	20.79
985.40	63.587	36.82
986.31	63.684	22.10
990.38	64.126	26.87
992.96	64.422	33.92
993.13	64.442	22.40
993.37	64.468	33.73
994.24	64.566	38.00
1000.09	65.153	30.46
1000.68	65.217	47.18
1004.90	65.701	27.72
1006.66	65.905	32.87
1009.98	66.291	21.45
1013.72	66.743	35.58
1014.67	66.858	20.35
1019.43	67.447	198.48
1020.98	67.635	30.17
1022.73	67.837	22.75
1026.80	68.311	67.82
1027.86	68.436	40.16
1031.51	68.863	21.11
1038.55	69.657	32.79
1040.49	69.855	61.81
1040.67	69.874	52.97
1041.90	70.006	41.65
1042.34	70.055	32.58
1043.24	70.158	24.41
1044.34	70.286	34.35
1045.42	70.413	22.87
1046.07	70.487	52.17
1052.65	71.180	30.90
1055.93	71.503	25.46
1057.51	71.652	21.97
1057.97	71.695	31.55
1063.95	72.214	43.54
1064.65	72.280	90.29
1070.20	72.799	29.51
1070.39	72.817	40.50
1071.19	72.891	69.69
1078.68	73.634	21.50
1078.94	73.663	54.18
1079.72	73.746	46.48
1081.27	73.913	132.72
1082.31	74.020	29.20
1084.39	74.230	52.49
1087.92	74.570	25.08
1091.59	74.924	44.85
1097.96	75.489	40.90
1098.60	75.544	39.32
1105.22	76.096	37.58
1109.96	76.535	26.66
1114.76	77.015	21.67
1116.89	77.248	35.94
1119.05	77.465	22.15
1120.89	77.656	24.35
1125.00	78.066	22.85
1130.28	78.569	20.01
1134.94	79.007	30.16
1140.54	79.509	305.01
1142.22	79.658	25.06
1147.10	80.056	29.32
1150.61	80.346	21.54
1151.38	80.408	22.51
1152.74	80.512	32.39
1155.79	80.752	22.00
1156.90	80.835	44.48
1163.21	81.330	89.04
1163.84	81.380	39.89
1167.49	81.663	27.96
1169.13	81.790	21.74
1173.03	82.108	56.14
1174.53	82.224	20.61
1176.08	82.348	85.98
1178.95	82.569	63.23
1192.18	83.562	24.16
1197.33	83.943	28.43
1205.68	84.557	23.65
1206.55	84.622	112.33
1210.06	84.893	37.79
1210.72	84.945	34.98
1214.61	85.259	28.36
1220.04	85.698	20.87
1224.29	86.050	23.83
1224.87	86.099	21.48
1227.65	86.337	21.33
1228.65	86.424	28.32
1230.01	86.542	24.50
1232.81	86.788	37.23
1238.71	87.315	120.26
1240.31	87.462	21.51
1243.60	87.765	33.22
1246.79	88.087	28.39
1260.88	89.441	33.25
1262.85	89.622	26.78
1264.80	89.811	54.59
1264.96	89.827	44.09
1266.34	89.950	23.40
1267.42	90.045	87.97
1271.19	90.392	187.50
1278.59	91.069	47.95
1279.13	91.122	40.58
1285.88	91.768	51.41
1287.94	91.965	49.02
1288.17	91.986	46.62
1289.01	92.064	31.07
1291.61	92.312	36.31
1292.59	92.401	22.58
1294.46	92.571	21.48
1295.08	92.628	23.05
1303.14	93.332	59.64
1303.63	93.376	21.96
1304.97	93.494	21.26
1305.41	93.533	38.61
1307.66	93.723	21.39
1310.97	94.015	32.83
1311.45	94.055	35.53
1312.35	94.134	68.27
1314.12	94.288	39.63
1316.27	94.476	80.66
1318.10	94.641	28.28
1326.19	95.359	34.03
1328.74	95.604	38.01
1332.47	95.967	90.43
1334.08	96.120	21.67
1334.72	96.180	20.90
1335.62	96.268	46.57
1339.71	96.665	40.48
1342.71	96.962	67.22
1343.04	96.994	78.65
1344.22	97.107	23.93
1345.77	97.261	20.35
1351.21	97.782	24.86
1353.24	97.977	87.82
1358.90	98.498	30.95
1360.62	98.655	24.12
1368.09	99.318	28.24
1369.76	99.471	60.31
1371.09	99.588	22.03
1371.94	99.660	22.03
1372.92	99.740	20.76
1373.89	99.820	47.52
1375.45	99.951	44.83
1377.02	100.081	39.63
1378.44	100.195	23.79
1388.36	100.982	24.17
1388.88	101.025	22.10
1393.75	101.392	22.53
1394.15	101.424	37.39
1397.75	101.710	25.74
1404.28	102.251	45.09
1411.21	102.873	27.83
1411.94	102.948	154.63
1413.82	103.140	26.67
1417.81	103.530	36.92
1426.86	104.383	35.68
1429.12	104.600	96.34
1430.34	104.716	54.61
1432.47	104.917	81.22
1434.12	105.077	29.94
1435.65	105.218	23.51
1439.87	105.606	32.86
1440.30	105.643	22.78
1443.44	105.923	37.17
1447.73	106.338	71.91
1451.00	106.673	72.19
1452.36	106.817	36.37
1454.68	107.076	25.96
1455.96	107.227	74.53
1456.55	107.298	54.43
1458.10	107.485	84.58
1463.79	108.186	25.24
1466.29	108.483	42.38
1470.48	108.979	59.66
1472.74	109.244	27.17
1473.98	109.389	23.85
1474.53	109.454	20.28
1480.96	110.234	90.99
1482.81	110.466	41.83
1483.13	110.505	33.85
1484.67	110.700	30.46
1486.83	110.978	33.77
1489.18	111.284	97.68
1489.86	111.374	22.96
1490.77	111.490	27.47
1491.16	111.538	32.08
1494.57	111.965	44.99
1494.88	112.004	26.28
1498.52	112.455	23.78
1499.48	112.577	21.39
1502.64	112.961	61.31
1506.29	113.370	44.55
1509.24	113.700	26.99
1510.08	113.793	311.19
1510.78	113.872	116.89
1511.50	113.952	69.27
1512.73	114.075	22.01
1514.48	114.258	30.38
1520.34	114.853	27.52
1525.74	115.393	43.33
1526.88	115.508	31.04
1532.47	116.031	20.10
1532.77	116.058	30.31
1533.08	116.087	33.89
1533.60	116.133	26.25
1538.61	116.576	86.77
1542.39	116.903	50.66
1545.96	117.208	26.49
1546.54	117.256	40.14
1554.63	117.933	30.03
1555.45	118.003	24.99
1560.43	118.409	23.53
1562.98	118.621	32.74
1565.05	118.795	21.18
1572.65	119.411	48.96
1577.98	119.835	20.40
1580.29	120.024	27.68
1581.12	120.091	43.11
1584.82	120.380	21.19
1587.14	120.562	46.40
1589.97	120.787	23.82
1598.87	121.487	87.50
1607.23	122.136	22.11
1610.11	122.355	27.34
1624.31	123.435	35.30
1625.50	123.526	20.65
1631.14	123.927	63.35
1637.08	124.390	20.65
1639.67	124.588	25.32
1641.02	124.697	22.05
1654.12	125.734	35.94
1663.59	126.473	33.16
1676.00	127.370	38.25
1678.91	127.565	29.88
1683.95	127.907	183.38
1685.43	128.005	33.63
1689.15	128.241	30.06
1690.86	128.352	63.18
1696.67	128.743	29.87
1704.28	129.257	24.14
1704.67	129.283	22.39
1705.51	129.340	26.18
1708.49	129.546	28.59
1711.08	129.728	41.57
1712.71	129.843	24.93
1716.87	130.141	21.20
1718.22	130.240	33.88
1725.62	130.827	22.18
1726.88	130.932	85.59
1730.67	131.251	28.27
1731.78	131.344	113.58
1734.62	131.609	34.96
1740.34	132.172	43.87
1745.92	132.757	288.39
1748.07	132.998	47.07
1753.53	133.622	79.77
1756.74	134.006	34.82
1760.53	134.490	36.72
1762.16	134.709	67.09
1767.40	135.501	46.23
1768.98	135.745	90.05
1771.18	136.119	33.04
1771.48	136.174	61.30
1771.70	136.213	39.32
1772.91	136.426	27.59
1774.05	136.625	22.83
1774.35	136.679	28.07
1776.34	137.034	45.31
1777.37	137.218	25.70
1779.57	137.624	21.04
1781.60	138.011	72.77
1782.63	138.212	21.88
1782.85	138.255	63.02
1783.91	138.470	34.69
1784.33	138.560	20.72
1786.53	139.035	58.80
1789.21	139.606	109.35
1789.58	139.688	28.45
1791.25	140.054	103.58
1792.90	140.410	24.61
1793.17	140.469	30.63
1796.29	141.173	26.64
1798.39	141.653	30.62
1799.24	141.837	76.46
1801.54	142.336	36.14
1802.95	142.663	37.41
1803.84	142.860	22.44
1804.51	143.001	25.13
1805.57	143.231	254.72
1806.71	143.488	69.96
1807.79	143.719	39.70
1808.55	143.881	37.46
1809.37	144.062	31.71
1810.33	144.278	107.66
1811.48	144.531	29.17
1812.84	144.815	26.47
1813.15	144.879	33.16
1813.34	144.918	37.78
1813.68	144.989	56.87
1814.74	145.212	25.53
1816.61	145.606	26.73
1816.86	145.657	25.63
1818.11	145.912	23.20
1818.37	145.967	40.71
1818.96	146.093	22.22
1819.31	146.170	39.09
1821.65	146.663	123.05
1822.87	146.916	31.62
1825.13	147.344	28.40
1827.52	147.818	30.60
1828.03	147.922	34.86
1830.18	148.379	25.42
1831.46	148.634	33.71
1831.62	148.665	32.90
1832.95	148.922	84.57
1834.53	149.229	52.41
1835.73	149.471	24.40
1836.66	149.661	20.20
1838.32	149.999	26.37
1839.40	150.218	30.79
1841.59	150.630	29.93
1846.44	151.532	23.94
1846.94	151.629	27.34
1848.29	151.889	29.90
1850.29	152.274	55.16
1851.11	152.433	46.99
1851.36	152.482	20.48
1852.22	152.650	41.78
1855.48	153.294	60.34
1856.02	153.399	28.25
1856.54	153.499	110.58
1858.57	153.890	27.81
1860.23	154.223	31.59
1861.47	154.481	32.86
1867.95	155.889	55.50
1868.26	155.960	38.34
1868.50	156.015	20.03
1869.99	156.352	80.76
1870.48	156.463	20.75
1871.52	156.691	22.81
1872.35	156.870	22.54
1874.52	157.394	21.53
1875.39	157.602	108.14
1878.04	158.214	97.80
1881.24	158.943	100.83
1881.45	158.991	22.36
1882.19	159.160	23.60
1882.77	159.284	28.62
1883.11	159.352	37.32
1884.38	159.596	23.63
1884.95	159.710	36.20
1885.70	159.863	20.16
1888.97	160.477	21.58
1891.69	160.985	216.17
1892.66	161.178	121.00
1893.32	161.308	30.98
1894.22	161.488	44.28
1895.24	161.702	28.62
1896.22	161.910	28.82
1896.54	161.977	33.96
1898.24	162.339	29.49
1898.86	162.476	26.85
1899.32	162.579	27.13
1901.07	162.967	29.23
1901.66	163.089	75.95
1903.80	163.506	93.89
1904.29	163.599	26.25
1904.72	163.682	24.80
1904.99	163.733	24.96
1905.70	163.868	22.78
1906.74	164.067	35.25
1907.18	164.151	39.39
1907.55	164.223	20.57
1908.36	164.382	27.74
1909.00	164.509	21.33
1909.40	164.588	26.89
1909.86	164.680	21.34
1910.28	164.765	40.13
1910.97	164.911	24.06
1911.48	165.022	22.48
1911.92	165.120	52.20
1913.22	165.407	20.79
1913.77	165.532	42.87
1914.24	165.646	43.23
1914.92	165.817	64.53
1915.83	166.048	57.24
1917.01	166.333	30.60
1918.62	166.727	62.11
1920.33	167.140	48.65
1921.42	167.404	59.94
1922.10	167.571	29.55
1923.77	167.985	22.21
1924.51	168.160	41.35
1924.94	168.261	23.34
1925.65	168.431	34.80
1926.20	168.568	67.92
1926.63	168.676	21.63
1927.38	168.860	36.14
1930.02	169.452	30.41
1931.82	169.863	122.63
1934.51	170.423	38.45
1935.32	170.594	21.85
1938.22	171.221	23.64
1938.41	171.262	21.63
1939.47	171.491	39.27
1940.82	171.791	56.83
1943.00	172.288	170.13
1944.48	172.643	104.40
1945.30	172.845	20.30
1945.91	172.992	45.69
1947.32	173.336	26.38
1949.42	173.869	33.71
1950.63	174.153	20.67
1950.80	174.190	23.28
1952.02	174.441	23.76
1958.35	175.827	22.02
1958.60	175.886	57.41
1959.57	176.111	21.00
1961.09	176.479	28.76
1961.25	176.519	27.47
1963.00	176.942	44.96
1964.87	177.380	20.11
1966.72	177.791	76.16
1967.63	177.995	33.98
1969.68	178.449	77.66
1970.53	178.647	64.98
1972.09	179.027	28.79
1972.59	179.145	27.12
1974.13	179.497	23.73
1974.72	179.628	23.71
1976.75	180.042	33.57
1978.14	180.300	31.45
1979.92	180.645	45.69
1980.91	180.820	29.71
1981.34	180.894	106.18
1984.31	181.430	39.22
1986.93	181.933	54.31
1987.95	182.146	22.97
1989.22	182.425	29.63
1991.84	182.974	45.08
1992.58	183.128	20.22
1993.72	183.374	21.31
1995.17	183.693	71.72
1995.85	183.839	24.74
1996.14	183.900	25.27
1996.80	184.041	151.78
1997.78	184.250	22.38
1999.43	184.610	26.01
2002.83	185.363	20.80
2003.43	185.493	33.22
2004.43	185.713	20.48
2005.35	185.917	20.75
2006.32	186.134	108.52
2007.98	186.512	20.17
2010.06	186.983	28.49
2011.18	187.242	21.85
2013.70	187.798	58.90
2014.33	187.936	40.06
2014.93	188.068	31.04
2015.41	188.174	23.87
2016.74	188.466	21.51
2017.21	188.567	68.54
2020.20	189.167	27.75
2020.97	189.320	28.28
2027.05	190.373	72.31
2027.60	190.471	36.63
2031.05	191.130	30.90
2041.49	193.297	34.73
2042.79	193.572	24.87
2043.51	193.721	30.15
2044.80	193.971	26.86
2052.30	195.477	28.27
2054.65	195.998	25.39
2055.18	196.117	25.87
2055.38	196.162	21.26
2057.63	196.651	26.61
2059.59	197.066	50.51
2060.25	197.198	248.85
2060.57	197.261	35.57
2067.65	198.620	28.75
2068.25	198.736	20.44
2068.43	198.770	24.51
2069.34	198.940	22.38
2071.45	199.316	33.34
2073.36	199.644	23.44
2077.30	200.298	34.45
2078.27	200.455	52.96
2080.10	200.743	28.06
2080.92	200.873	39.46
2083.48	201.283	28.20
2086.61	201.785	54.54
2086.80	201.815	60.48
2089.84	202.298	29.67
2091.79	202.616	24.36
2093.43	202.880	87.05