Citation:

PANGAEA.925655

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and gastropod shell composition
Published: 2020-12-11
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Nucella ostrina; Other studied parameter or process; Single species; Tegula funebralis; Temperate

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Abstract:

Organisms, such as molluscs, that produce their hard parts from calcium carbonate are expected to show increased difficulties growing and maintaining their skeletons under ocean acidification (OA). Any loss of shell integrity increases vulnerability, as shells provide protection against predation, desiccation, and disease. Not all species show the same responses to OA, which may be due to the composition and microstructural arrangement of their shells. We explore the role of shell composition and microstructure in resisting dissolution caused by decreases in seawater pH using a combination of microCT scans, XRD analysis, and SEM imaging. Two gastropods with different shell compositions and microstructure, Tegula funebralis and Nucella ostrina, were exposed to simulated ocean acidification conditions for six months. Both species showed signs of dissolution on the exterior of their shells, but changes in density were significantly more pronounced in T. funebralis. XRD analysis indicated that the exterior layer of both shell types was made of calcite. T. funebralis may be more prone to dissolution because their outer fibrous calcite layer has more crystal edges and faces exposed, potentially increasing the surface area on which dissolution can occur. These results support a previous study where T. funebralis showed significant decreases in both shell growth and strength, but N. ostrina only showed slight reductions in shell strength, and unaffected growth. We suggest that microstructural arrangement of shell layers in molluscs, more so than their composition alone, is critical for determining the vulnerability of mollusc shells to OA.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Nucella ostrina; Other studied parameter or process; Single species; Tegula funebralis; Temperate

Supplement to:

Barclay, Kristina M; Gingras, Murray K; Packer, Stephen T; Leighton, Lindsey R (2020): The role of gastropod shell composition and microstructure in resisting dissolution caused by ocean acidification. Marine Environmental Research, 162, 105105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105105

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2020): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.14. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 38.318500 * Longitude: -123.074200

Date/Time Start: 2011-03-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-03-31T00:00:00

Event(s):

Bodega_Marine_Reserve * Latitude: 38.318500 * Longitude: -123.074200 * Date/Time Start: 2011-03-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-03-31T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2020) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-12-11.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Barclay, Kristina M		study
2	Species	Species		Barclay, Kristina M
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Barclay, Kristina M
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Barclay, Kristina M		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Experiment duration	Exp duration	months	Barclay, Kristina M
6	Treatment	Treat		Barclay, Kristina M
7	Identification	ID		Barclay, Kristina M		individual
8	Comment	Comment		Barclay, Kristina M		slice
9	Replicate	Repl		Barclay, Kristina M		slice
10	Greyscale value	Grey		Barclay, Kristina M		shell density
11	Peak height	Peak height		Barclay, Kristina M		calcite, d104
12	Peak height	Peak height		Barclay, Kristina M		aragonite, d221
13	Peak height	Peak height		Barclay, Kristina M		aragonite, d111
14	Peak height	Peak height		Barclay, Kristina M		aragonite, d021
15	Calcite	Cal	%	Barclay, Kristina M
16	Aragonite	Arg	%	Barclay, Kristina M
17	Calcite/Aragonite ratio	Cal/Arg		Barclay, Kristina M
18	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
19	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
20	pH	pH		Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1, total scale
21	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1, total scale
22	Salinity	Sal		Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
23	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
25	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 1
26	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
27	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
28	pH	pH		Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2, total scale
29	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2, total scale
30	Salinity	Sal		Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
31	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
32	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
33	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Barclay, Kristina M		sump 2
34	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
36	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
37	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
38	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
39	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
41	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
42	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
43	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
44	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
46	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
47	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
48	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
49	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 1
50	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 1
51	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
52	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
53	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
54	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
55	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
56	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
57	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
58	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
59	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
60	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
61	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
62	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
63	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
64	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2
65	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	sump 2
66	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	sump 2

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

12336 data points

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