Simone, Michelle; Schulz, Kai; Oakes, Joanne; Eyre, Bradley D (2020): Oxygen and carbon fluxes from shallow unvegetated sediments in the Clarence Estuary, NSW, Australia under warming and ocean acidification conditions [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.924460
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Abstract:
Dissolved organic/inorganic carbon and oxygen fluxes from whole sediment core incubations subject to temperature and ocean acidification manipulations. Estuaries make a disproportionately large contribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the global carbon cycle, but it is unknown how this will change under a future climate. As such, the response of DOC fluxes from microbially dominated unvegetated sediments to individual and combined future climate stressors of warming (from Δ-3 °C to Δ+5 °C on ambient mean temperatures) and ocean acidification (OA, ~2 times the current partial pressure of CO2, pCO2) was investigated ex situ. Warming alone increased sediment heterotrophy, resulting in a proportional increase in sediment DOC uptake, with sediments becoming net sinks of DOC (3.5 to 8.8 mmol-C m-2 d-1) at warmer temperatures (Δ+3 °C and Δ+5 °C, respectively). This temperature response changed under OA conditions, with sediments becoming more autotrophic and a greater sink of DOC (1 to 4 times greater than under current-pCO2). This response was attributed to the stimulation of heterotrophic bacteria with the autochthonous production of labile organic matter by microphytobenthos. Extrapolating these results to the global area of unvegetated subtidal estuarine sediments, the future climate of warming (Δ+3 °C) and OA may decrease the estuarine export of DOC by ~80 % (~150 Tg-C yr-1) and have a disproportionately large impact on the global DOC budget.
Supplement to:
Simone, Michelle; Schulz, Kai Georg; Oakes, Joanne; Eyre, Bradley D (2021): Warming and ocean acidification may decrease estuarine dissolved organic carbon export to the ocean. Biogeosciences, 18(5), 1823-1838, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1823-2021
Coverage:
Latitude: -29.403500 * Longitude: 153.324000
Event(s):
Comment:
* DOC: DOC concentrations were measured via continuous-flow wet-oxidation using an Aurora 1030W total organic carbon analyser.
* pH: calibrated to 3-point NIST buffer scale (R^2^ = 0.99).
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Treatment | Treat | Simone, Michelle | Treatment 1 | ||
| 2 | Treatment | Treat | Simone, Michelle | Treatment 2 | ||
| 3 | Time point, descriptive | Time point | Simone, Michelle | |||
| 4 | Replicates | Repl | # | Simone, Michelle | ||
| 5 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Simone, Michelle | Geocode | |
| 6 | DEPTH, water | Depth water | m | Simone, Michelle | Geocode | |
| 7 | Surface area | Surface | m2 | Simone, Michelle | Of core | |
| 8 | Volume | Vol | l | Simone, Michelle | Of water in the core | |
| 9 | Time in minutes | Time | min | Simone, Michelle | Sampling time | |
| 10 | Salinity | Sal | Simone, Michelle | Salinometer (SALINO) | ||
| 11 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Simone, Michelle | Temperature sensor | |
| 12 | Oxygen saturation | O2 sat | mg/l | Simone, Michelle | LDO-probe | |
| 13 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved | DIC | µmol/l | Simone, Michelle | AIRICA analyzer (Miranda) | |
| 14 | Carbon, organic, dissolved | DOC | µmol/l | Simone, Michelle | TOC analyser, Aurora 1030W | |
| 15 | pH | pH | Simone, Michelle | pH probe (pH) |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
1053 data points
Data
| 1 Treat (Treatment 1) | 2 Treat (Treatment 2) | 3 Time point | 4 Repl [#] | 5 Depth sed [m] | 6 Depth water [m] | 7 Surface [m2] (Of core) | 8 Vol [l] (Of water in the core) | 9 Time [min] (Sampling time) | 10 Sal (Salinometer) | 11 Temp [°C] (Temperature sensor) | 12 O2 sat [mg/l] (LDO-probe) | 13 DIC [µmol/l] (AIRICA analyzer (Miranda)) | 14 DOC [µmol/l] (TOC analyser, Aurora 1030W) | 15 pH (pH probe) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | +5 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.190 | 0.260 | 0.007089 | 1.843140 | 90.00000000 | 24.4 | 27.20 | 6.864304010 | 1857.583252 | 267.8830514 | 8.165604591 |
| current | +5 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 96.54545455 | 24.4 | 27.10 | 6.654228809 | 1869.984131 | 295.4958932 | 8.092035294 |
| current | +5 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.245 | 0.205 | 0.007089 | 1.453245 | 103.09090910 | 24.4 | 27.00 | 6.535186849 | 1870.732666 | 284.9944310 | 8.066959381 |
| current | +5 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.190 | 0.260 | 0.007089 | 1.843140 | 450.00000000 | 24.4 | 27.30 | 5.895239566 | 1884.205933 | 259.6315403 | 8.014698029 |
| current | +5 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 455.72727270 | 24.4 | 27.20 | 5.605159520 | 1907.641357 | 265.7729789 | 7.957452774 |
| current | +5 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.245 | 0.205 | 0.007089 | 1.453245 | 461.45454550 | 24.4 | 27.30 | 5.227795923 | 1914.344238 | 265.0319374 | 7.933717251 |
| current | +5 °C | light end | 1 | 0.190 | 0.260 | 0.007089 | 1.843140 | 1114.09090900 | 24.4 | 27.40 | 5.714009241 | 1905.192139 | 257.2571612 | 8.006369591 |
| current | +5 °C | light end | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 1119.54545500 | 24.4 | 27.40 | 4.547487286 | 1978.843750 | 272.7516321 | 7.869642735 |
| current | +5 °C | light end | 3 | 0.245 | 0.205 | 0.007089 | 1.453245 | 1125.00000000 | 24.4 | 27.40 | 4.361453715 | 1990.054443 | 285.7825812 | 7.950808048 |
| current | +3 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 109.63636370 | 24.4 | 25.00 | 6.790798297 | 1873.263550 | 273.2332481 | 8.062106133 |
| current | +3 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 116.18181820 | 24.4 | 25.00 | 6.806976725 | 1876.131714 | 204.0733457 | 8.082573891 |
| current | +3 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.250 | 0.200 | 0.007089 | 1.417800 | 122.72727280 | 24.4 | 24.90 | 6.734331189 | 1874.104736 | 214.6506043 | 8.081650734 |
| current | +3 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 467.18181820 | 24.4 | 25.90 | 5.787514607 | 1911.027832 | 252.3925929 | 7.964944839 |
| current | +3 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 472.90909090 | 24.4 | 25.90 | 5.877009502 | 1908.281494 | 187.8396231 | 7.988356590 |
| current | +3 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.250 | 0.200 | 0.007089 | 1.417800 | 478.63636370 | 24.4 | 25.90 | 5.676008422 | 1907.098267 | 213.0655031 | 8.032136917 |
| current | +3 °C | light end | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 1097.72727300 | 24.4 | 26.00 | 4.783311606 | 1972.949585 | 270.1494683 | 7.877822876 |
| current | +3 °C | light end | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 1103.18181800 | 24.4 | 25.90 | 5.906967737 | 1940.173706 | 198.0022528 | 7.990539551 |
| current | +3 °C | light end | 3 | 0.250 | 0.200 | 0.007089 | 1.417800 | 1108.63636400 | 24.4 | 25.90 | 5.354149987 | 1951.441406 | 212.7851534 | 7.894564152 |
| current | control | dark start | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 129.27272730 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.951040876 | 1890.206665 | 207.4412996 | 8.073876381 |
| current | control | dark start | 2 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 135.81818190 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.908047000 | 1887.369873 | 211.6438281 | 8.047269821 |
| current | control | dark start | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 142.36363640 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.929070619 | 1891.223389 | 174.7616242 | 8.095257759 |
| current | control | dark end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 484.36363640 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.085825516 | 1925.226318 | 190.5498745 | 8.006909370 |
| current | control | dark end | 2 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 490.09090910 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.064193434 | 1914.730713 | 196.9609961 | 8.068951607 |
| current | control | dark end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 495.81818180 | 24.4 | 23.10 | 6.129089678 | 1921.264648 | 162.3567784 | 8.099164009 |
| current | control | light end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1081.36363600 | 24.4 | 23.30 | 6.833323416 | 1910.012573 | 218.7560517 | 8.003979683 |
| current | control | light end | 2 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1086.81818200 | 24.4 | 23.30 | 6.667885059 | 1908.848755 | 219.9404225 | 8.008893013 |
| current | control | light end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1092.27272700 | 24.4 | 23.40 | 6.969023682 | 1908.183960 | 201.2480362 | 8.067592621 |
| current | -3 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 148.90909100 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 7.219763447 | 1888.759766 | 183.2227196 | 8.082421303 |
| current | -3 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 155.45454550 | 24.4 | 20.90 | 7.162543985 | 1887.125977 | 182.0758637 | 8.053083420 |
| current | -3 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 162.00000010 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 7.160384481 | 1893.514282 | 184.1871039 | 8.097412109 |
| current | -3 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 501.54545460 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 6.580034276 | 1904.802612 | 191.4161463 | 8.065564156 |
| current | -3 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 507.27272730 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 6.335505976 | 1900.453369 | 189.1238252 | 8.100296974 |
| current | -3 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 513.00000000 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 6.461475100 | 1917.144653 | 194.1488514 | 8.113614082 |
| current | -3 °C | light end | 1 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 1065.00000000 | 24.4 | 20.90 | 7.049001234 | 1896.926025 | 177.1570279 | 8.037453651 |
| current | -3 °C | light end | 2 | 0.230 | 0.220 | 0.007089 | 1.559580 | 1070.45454500 | 24.4 | 21.30 | 7.239288270 | 1897.309204 | 183.6407915 | 8.077043533 |
| current | -3 °C | light end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1075.90909100 | 24.4 | 21.00 | 7.120960518 | 1904.229248 | 194.2709798 | 8.063392639 |
| future | +5 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 70.00000000 | 17.7 | 28.10 | 7.499120227 | 1311.190063 | 619.4128237 | 7.661613464 |
| future | +5 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 78.57142857 | 17.7 | 28.00 | 7.568687295 | 1318.957275 | 621.7405352 | 7.628518581 |
| future | +5 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 87.14285714 | 17.7 | 27.80 | 7.488425599 | 1321.052979 | 661.4083597 | 7.649445057 |
| future | +5 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 435.00000000 | 17.7 | 27.90 | 6.619309264 | 1340.527710 | 591.7992290 | 7.574745178 |
| future | +5 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 441.50000000 | 17.7 | 27.85 | 6.794756629 | 1357.827148 | 594.5059515 | 7.538141251 |
| future | +5 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 448.00000000 | 17.7 | 27.80 | 6.696340274 | 1354.251099 | 650.0012064 | 7.528022289 |
| future | +5 °C | light end | 1 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 1137.14285700 | 17.7 | 27.90 | 6.200000000 | 1340.694214 | 576.8742560 | 7.457914829 |
| future | +5 °C | light end | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 1143.57142900 | 17.7 | 28.00 | 6.434388322 | 1474.042114 | 583.0533230 | 7.435873985 |
| future | +5 °C | light end | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 1150.00000000 | 17.7 | 27.90 | 6.174899527 | 1406.981812 | 636.9741119 | 7.409020901 |
| future | +3 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 95.71428571 | 17.7 | 26.00 | 7.536962579 | 1330.437012 | 587.9619997 | 7.587645054 |
| future | +3 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 104.28571430 | 17.7 | 25.80 | 7.545182638 | 1331.704468 | 607.7504526 | 7.772807598 |
| future | +3 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 112.85714290 | 17.7 | 25.70 | 7.593189007 | 1325.340942 | 583.7136257 | 7.557672977 |
| future | +3 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 454.50000000 | 17.7 | 25.70 | 6.780114119 | 1359.953247 | 558.7030234 | 7.658746243 |
| future | +3 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 461.00000000 | 17.7 | 25.60 | 6.843490288 | 1363.150635 | 583.2002643 | 7.494468212 |
| future | +3 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 467.50000000 | 17.7 | 25.70 | 6.907890122 | 1349.151489 | 548.8591575 | 7.679172039 |
| future | +3 °C | light end | 1 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 1117.85714300 | 17.7 | 26.00 | 6.948584606 | 1370.660034 | 561.6893087 | 7.597366810 |
| future | +3 °C | light end | 2 | 0.210 | 0.240 | 0.007089 | 1.701360 | 1124.28571400 | 17.7 | 26.00 | 7.330637368 | 1370.047852 | 561.9614020 | 7.673418522 |
| future | +3 °C | light end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1130.71428600 | 17.7 | 26.00 | 6.972462904 | 1341.977417 | 580.6170843 | 7.687204838 |
| future | control | dark start | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 121.42857140 | 17.7 | 23.30 | 7.680361834 | 1346.673706 | 583.9126827 | 7.567206383 |
| future | control | dark start | 2 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 130.00000000 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.665480573 | 1347.153931 | 592.1373086 | 7.694746494 |
| future | control | dark start | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 138.57142860 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.764592350 | 1336.390625 | 587.5412868 | 7.631223202 |
| future | control | dark end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 474.00000000 | 17.7 | 23.00 | 6.975010393 | 1374.673096 | 569.5010572 | 7.505486965 |
| future | control | dark end | 2 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 480.50000000 | 17.7 | 23.00 | 6.950247042 | 1368.012207 | 575.6313146 | 7.467436314 |
| future | control | dark end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 487.00000000 | 17.7 | 23.00 | 7.107010975 | 1366.627319 | 561.6847436 | 7.617061138 |
| future | control | light end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1060.00000000 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.531347572 | 1385.938354 | 569.9034474 | 7.827937126 |
| future | control | light end | 2 | 0.205 | 0.245 | 0.007089 | 1.736805 | 1066.42857100 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.671274248 | 1347.577271 | 595.4540528 | 7.638377666 |
| future | control | light end | 3 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1072.85714300 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.909972696 | 1324.549683 | 581.9122782 | 7.700490952 |
| future | -3 °C | dark start | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 172.85714280 | 17.7 | 20.70 | 7.960024139 | 1291.800293 | 508.6062028 | 7.617489338 |
| future | -3 °C | dark start | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 181.42857140 | 17.7 | 20.80 | 7.863177991 | 1294.321777 | 595.0272121 | 7.583286285 |
| future | -3 °C | dark start | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 190.00000000 | 17.7 | 20.75 | 7.988572445 | 1288.531494 | 597.7869140 | 7.602587223 |
| future | -3 °C | dark end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 513.00000000 | 17.7 | 20.70 | 7.416867439 | 1315.768555 | 483.4164729 | 7.699611664 |
| future | -3 °C | dark end | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 519.50000000 | 17.7 | 20.70 | 7.395406312 | 1313.734741 | 565.4779075 | 7.687591076 |
| future | -3 °C | dark end | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 526.00000000 | 17.7 | 20.80 | 7.513145983 | 1305.629028 | 564.8657167 | 7.697288036 |
| future | -3 °C | light end | 1 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.007089 | 1.630470 | 1098.57142900 | 17.7 | 20.70 | 7.962476078 | 1310.247925 | 515.2433107 | 7.807954311 |
| future | -3 °C | light end | 2 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 1105.00000000 | 17.7 | 20.80 | 8.018826074 | 1322.684326 | 602.0269013 | 7.827375889 |
| future | -3 °C | light end | 3 | 0.200 | 0.250 | 0.007089 | 1.772250 | 1111.42857100 | 17.7 | 21.80 | 8.129730313 | 1297.770752 | 558.4252380 | 7.801117897 |
| CONTROL | control | dark start | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 147.14285710 | 17.7 | 23.30 | 7.688355734 | 1266.027832 | 601.0350369 | 7.933343887 |
| CONTROL | control | dark start | 2 | 0.235 | 0.215 | 0.007089 | 1.524135 | 155.71428570 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.673332934 | 1264.259521 | 572.3071379 | 7.936319351 |
| CONTROL | control | dark start | 3 | 0.195 | 0.255 | 0.007089 | 1.807695 | 164.28571430 | 17.7 | 23.20 | 7.697726531 | 1266.204468 | 564.7735315 | 8.014269829 |
| CONTROL | control | dark end | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 493.50000000 | 17.7 | 23.10 | 7.030757159 | 1298.172974 | 587.1642590 | 7.874658108 |
| CONTROL | control | dark end | 2 | 0.235 | 0.215 | 0.007089 | 1.524135 | 500.00000000 | 17.7 | 23.10 | 6.997787606 | 1286.047607 | 557.5666261 | 7.933597565 |
| CONTROL | control | dark end | 3 | 0.195 | 0.255 | 0.007089 | 1.807695 | 506.50000000 | 17.7 | 23.00 | 7.147146318 | 1292.223755 | 552.3523413 | 7.916498661 |
| CONTROL | control | light end | 1 | 0.225 | 0.225 | 0.007089 | 1.595025 | 1079.28571400 | 17.7 | 23.30 | 7.620376500 | 1288.663330 | 596.6745212 | 7.971675873 |
| CONTROL | control | light end | 2 | 0.235 | 0.215 | 0.007089 | 1.524135 | 1085.71428600 | 17.7 | 23.30 | 7.513510379 | 1285.732544 | 577.8382542 | 7.987453938 |
| CONTROL | control | light end | 3 | 0.195 | 0.255 | 0.007089 | 1.807695 | 1092.14285700 | 17.7 | 23.40 | 7.799536557 | 1280.806885 | 568.9357368 | 8.094151497 |