Morrell, Brooke K; Gobler, Christopher J (2020): Seawater carbonate chemistry and hatch time, hatch success, survival, and length of estuarine fishes [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918928
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Abstract:
Estuaries serve as important nursery habitats for various species of early-life stage fish, but can experience cooccurring acidification and hypoxia that can vary diurnally in intensity. This study examines the effects of acidification (pH 7.2–7.4) and hypoxia (dissolved oxygen (DO) ~ 2–4 mg/L) as individual and combined stressors on four fitness metrics for three species of forage fish endemic to the U.S. East Coast: Menidia menidia, Menidia beryllina, and Cyprinodon variegatus. Additionally, the impacts of various durations of exposure to these two stressors was also assessed to explore the sensitivity threshold for larval fishes under environmentally-representative conditions. C. variegatus was resistant to chronic low pH, while M. menidia and M. beryllina experienced significantly reduced survival and hatch time, respectively. Exposure to hypoxia resulted in reduced hatch success of both Menidia species, as well as diminished survival of M. beryllina larvae. Diurnal exposure to low pH and low DO for 4 or 8 h did not alter survival of M. beryllina, although 8 or 12 h of daily exposure through the 10 days posthatch significantly depressed larval size. In contrast, M. menidia experienced significant declines in survival for all intervals of diel cycling hypoxia and acidification (4–12 h). Exposure to 12-h diurnal hypoxia generally elicited negative effects equal to, or of greater severity, than chronic exposure to low DO at the same levels despite significantly higher mean DO exposure concentrations. This evidences a substantial biological cost to adapting to changing DO levels, and implicates diurnal cycling of DO as a significant threat to fish larvae in estuaries. Larval responses to hypoxia, and to a lesser extent acidification, in this study on both continuous and diurnal timescales indicate that estuarine conditions throughout the spawning and postspawn periods could adversely affect stocks of these fish, with diverse implications for the remainder of the food web.
Keyword(s):
Supplement to:
Morrell, Brooke K; Gobler, Christopher J (2020): Negative Effects of Diurnal Changes in Acidification and Hypoxia on Early-Life Stage Estuarine Fishes. Diversity, 12(1), 25, https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010025
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-06-12.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1676 data points
Data
1 Type (study) | 2 Species | 3 Reg spec no | 4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID) | 5 Exp | 6 Treat | 7 Hatching time [days] | 8 Hatching time std e [±] | 9 Egg hatch success [%] | 10 Egg hatch success std e [±] | 11 Survival [%] | 12 Survival rate std e [±] | 13 l [mm] | 14 l std e [±] | 15 pH (total scale, Potentiometric) | 16 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Potentiometric) | 17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 18 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 19 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 20 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 21 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 22 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 23 DIC [µmol/l] | 24 DIC std dev [±] | 25 [CO3]2- [µmol/l] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 26 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 27 AT [µmol/l] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 28 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 29 Sal | 30 Sal std dev [±] | 31 DO [mg/l] | 32 DO std dev [±] | 33 Temp [°C] | 34 Temp std dev [±] | 35 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 36 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 37 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 38 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 39 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 40 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 41 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 42 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 43 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 44 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 45 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 46 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 47 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 48 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 49 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 50 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 51 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Control | 10.8 | 0.3 | 99.7 | 3.3 | 40.2 | 10.3 | 6.7 | 0.1 | 7.85 | 0.05 | 407 | 73 | 1.66 | 0.34 | 1.10 | 0.26 | 1177 | 110 | 68 | 15 | 1283 | 124 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 218.56 | 0.28 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 11.83 | 1.98 | 384.48 | 64.09 | 385.74 | 64.30 | 1078.70 | 110.02 | 65.87 | 9.53 | 1156.40 | 117.01 | 1.07 | 0.16 | 1.66 | 0.25 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Diurnal DO | 9.0 | 0.0 | 55.9 | 9.1 | 35.8 | 8.3 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 7.85 | 0.06 | 442 | 41 | 1.68 | 0.18 | 1.10 | 0.15 | 1242 | 68 | 68 | 8 | 1346 | 75 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 166.08 | 2.11 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 12.44 | 2.11 | 404.12 | 68.33 | 405.44 | 68.55 | 1133.80 | 69.46 | 69.24 | 9.42 | 1215.47 | 72.19 | 1.13 | 0.16 | 1.75 | 0.25 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Low DO | 11.5 | 0.9 | 57.2 | 12.4 | 20.8 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 0.4 | 7.84 | 0.06 | 406 | 30 | 1.82 | 0.26 | 1.20 | 0.22 | 1244 | 82 | 74 | 12 | 1358 | 95 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 90.24 | 0.45 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 12.88 | 2.25 | 418.71 | 72.97 | 420.08 | 73.21 | 1148.01 | 86.31 | 68.51 | 9.81 | 1229.40 | 90.66 | 1.11 | 0.17 | 1.73 | 0.26 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Diurnal pH | 8.8 | 0.3 | 95.0 | 2.4 | 17.6 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 7.50 | 0.21 | 1412 | 830 | 0.83 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 1248 | 34 | 34 | 26 | 1264 | 75 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 215.04 | 0.21 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 28.34 | 14.77 | 920.96 | 479.95 | 923.98 | 481.52 | 1154.18 | 79.97 | 31.48 | 14.33 | 1214.00 | 83.37 | 0.51 | 0.23 | 0.79 | 0.36 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Low pH | 9.3 | 0.3 | 97.5 | 2.2 | 32.7 | 14.5 | 7.5 | 0.3 | 7.20 | 0.88 | 2255 | 420 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.03 | 1329 | 33 | 16 | 2 | 1287 | 22 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 216.64 | 0.28 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 59.66 | 125.26 | 1938.80 | 4070.46 | 1945.16 | 4083.83 | 1217.77 | 91.42 | 16.65 | 32.52 | 1294.08 | 183.07 | 0.27 | 0.53 | 0.42 | 0.82 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Diurnal pH/DO | 10.3 | 0.3 | 45.0 | 14.3 | 18.3 | 11.9 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 7.55 | 0.19 | 938 | 670 | 1.17 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 0.44 | 1257 | 97 | 47 | 27 | 1310 | 96 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 165.76 | 2.18 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 25.98 | 12.40 | 844.13 | 403.00 | 846.89 | 404.32 | 1186.97 | 97.41 | 36.33 | 14.97 | 1249.27 | 100.72 | 0.59 | 0.24 | 0.92 | 0.38 |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 1 | Low pH/DO | 11.0 | 0.0 | 48.8 | 11.3 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 7.25 | 0.07 | 1935 | 124 | 0.49 | 0.13 | 0.30 | 0.07 | 1379 | 129 | 20 | 5 | 1354 | 138 | 28.5 | 0.0 | 77.44 | 0.64 | 23.2 | 0.4 | 8 | 55.73 | 11.01 | 1810.91 | 357.68 | 1816.85 | 358.85 | 1276.23 | 131.66 | 19.58 | 3.71 | 1351.53 | 139.92 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 0.49 | 0.10 | ||
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Control | 9.0 | 0.4 | 68.8 | 1.3 | 93.9 | 1.9 | 8.6 | 0.4 | 7.67 | 0.15 | 528 | 96 | 1.51 | 0.24 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 1266 | 196 | 61 | 10 | 1357 | 201 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 216.96 | 0.54 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 19.16 | 7.91 | 627.18 | 258.46 | 629.24 | 259.31 | 1186.68 | 186.38 | 51.43 | 17.85 | 1257.26 | 195.09 | 0.82 | 0.29 | 1.26 | 0.44 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Diurnal DO | 14.0 | 0.7 | 72.2 | 2.9 | 82.2 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 0.5 | 7.72 | 0.11 | 876 | 735 | 1.29 | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0.29 | 1303 | 124 | 52 | 18 | 1368 | 90 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 164.16 | 1.89 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 17.00 | 4.98 | 556.38 | 162.41 | 558.21 | 162.95 | 1181.17 | 87.98 | 57.44 | 13.66 | 1255.60 | 89.74 | 0.92 | 0.22 | 1.41 | 0.34 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Low DO | 14.5 | 0.9 | 66.9 | 1.5 | 89.3 | 2.6 | 8.2 | 0.7 | 7.74 | 0.07 | 519 | 113 | 1.65 | 0.20 | 1.10 | 0.13 | 1301 | 146 | 66 | 8 | 1400 | 145 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 87.68 | 0.44 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 16.53 | 3.51 | 541.18 | 114.22 | 542.96 | 114.59 | 1203.04 | 131.16 | 61.26 | 11.21 | 1280.83 | 138.40 | 0.98 | 0.19 | 1.51 | 0.28 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Diurnal pH | 12.3 | 1.8 | 71.9 | 1.1 | 89.1 | 1.5 | 8.6 | 0.5 | 7.37 | 0.23 | 1682 | 968 | 0.79 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.37 | 1343 | 120 | 32 | 23 | 1348 | 143 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 211.20 | 0.61 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 40.11 | 22.88 | 1312.97 | 748.58 | 1317.30 | 751.05 | 1245.07 | 139.27 | 27.04 | 13.88 | 1312.22 | 148.78 | 0.43 | 0.22 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Low pH | 14.0 | 0.0 | 76.3 | 2.0 | 87.5 | 3.3 | 8.4 | 0.5 | 7.08 | 0.12 | 2152 | 1001 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.39 | 1424 | 81 | 27 | 24 | 1405 | 129 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 212.48 | 0.61 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 83.84 | 25.19 | 2744.87 | 822.68 | 2753.92 | 825.40 | 1334.94 | 124.01 | 14.87 | 4.28 | 1433.66 | 136.20 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.37 | 0.11 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Diurnal pH/DO | 13.5 | 0.3 | 70.9 | 2.6 | 93.1 | 1.7 | 8.0 | 0.6 | 7.46 | 0.21 | 1582 | 1336 | 0.93 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.38 | 1354 | 183 | 38 | 23 | 1372 | 150 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 182.72 | 1.90 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 32.76 | 17.34 | 1072.60 | 567.23 | 1076.13 | 569.10 | 1251.35 | 145.45 | 33.44 | 15.60 | 1317.55 | 153.03 | 0.53 | 0.25 | 0.82 | 0.39 |
laboratory | Cyprinodon variegatus (fish) | 159285 | marinespecies.org | 2 | Low pH/DO | 15.0 | 0.6 | 59.4 | 4.4 | 93.1 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 0.5 | 7.17 | 0.07 | 1652 | 658 | 0.79 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 0.28 | 1472 | 65 | 32 | 18 | 1475 | 51 | 31.9 | 2.1 | 73.28 | 0.49 | 22.8 | 1.0 | 8 | 71.10 | 12.28 | 2327.51 | 399.25 | 2335.19 | 400.57 | 1392.62 | 49.29 | 19.09 | 3.18 | 1482.80 | 54.50 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.08 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Control | 12.5 | 0.3 | 82.5 | 2.2 | 78.7 | 3.4 | 7.1 | 0.3 | 7.78 | 0.06 | 313 | 111 | 2.02 | 0.05 | 1.30 | 0.03 | 1140 | 198 | 82 | 2 | 1284 | 183 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 221.12 | 0.14 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 13.66 | 2.96 | 446.72 | 96.75 | 448.19 | 97.07 | 1087.89 | 162.58 | 60.44 | 11.70 | 1161.99 | 172.92 | 0.97 | 0.19 | 1.49 | 0.30 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Diurnal DO | 9.0 | 1.1 | 44.4 | 8.1 | 69.0 | 15.1 | 7.0 | 0.4 | 7.80 | 0.04 | 428 | 140 | 1.94 | 0.36 | 1.30 | 0.24 | 1260 | 111 | 79 | 15 | 1388 | 85 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 202.88 | 1.35 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 14.06 | 1.75 | 459.67 | 56.98 | 461.18 | 57.17 | 1172.20 | 76.20 | 68.19 | 7.33 | 1254.44 | 80.58 | 1.09 | 0.13 | 1.68 | 0.20 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Low DO | 10.5 | 1.2 | 33.1 | 12.3 | 21.8 | 10.4 | 7.0 | 0.4 | 7.83 | 0.05 | 317 | 130 | 2.08 | 0.09 | 1.40 | 0.06 | 1158 | 212 | 85 | 4 | 1305 | 191 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 67.52 | 0.33 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 12.18 | 2.48 | 398.35 | 80.82 | 399.66 | 81.09 | 1088.48 | 167.38 | 67.85 | 12.53 | 1168.51 | 179.03 | 1.09 | 0.21 | 1.67 | 0.32 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Diurnal pH | 10.3 | 1.0 | 62.5 | 7.1 | 84.3 | 5.0 | 7.2 | 0.3 | 7.62 | 0.16 | 742 | 245 | 1.48 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 1393 | 45 | 60 | 21 | 1474 | 38 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 203.84 | 1.36 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 23.74 | 9.60 | 776.28 | 313.85 | 778.84 | 314.88 | 1307.90 | 57.09 | 50.27 | 16.93 | 1381.91 | 52.79 | 0.80 | 0.27 | 1.24 | 0.42 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Low pH | 7.3 | 0.3 | 77.5 | 4.4 | 98.8 | 0.8 | 7.5 | 0.2 | 7.19 | 0.16 | 2885 | 462 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.04 | 1464 | 38 | 15 | 3 | 1405 | 25 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 216.96 | 0.25 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 64.68 | 24.79 | 2115.39 | 810.34 | 2122.37 | 813.01 | 1324.18 | 30.05 | 18.91 | 6.75 | 1407.77 | 44.28 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.17 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Diurnal pH/DO | 11.3 | 0.8 | 41.6 | 6.1 | 51.9 | 11.2 | 7.2 | 0.5 | 7.66 | 0.09 | 569 | 186 | 1.47 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.25 | 1262 | 112 | 60 | 16 | 1352 | 117 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 204.80 | 1.20 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 19.63 | 4.84 | 641.99 | 158.10 | 644.10 | 158.62 | 1186.00 | 108.78 | 49.98 | 10.45 | 1255.61 | 113.80 | 0.80 | 0.17 | 1.23 | 0.26 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 3 | Low pH/DO | 8.3 | 0.5 | 27.8 | 13.7 | 26.4 | 19.8 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 7.27 | 0.13 | 2376 | 886 | 0.33 | 0.04 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 1255 | 311 | 13 | 2 | 1208 | 284 | 31.7 | 0.3 | 78.08 | 0.56 | 22.8 | 0.5 | 8 | 45.82 | 18.06 | 1498.52 | 590.51 | 1503.46 | 592.46 | 1127.76 | 269.26 | 19.36 | 7.24 | 1192.95 | 285.40 | 0.31 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 0.18 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 4 | Control | 10.0 | 0.0 | 87.8 | 2.2 | 72.3 | 2.6 | 7.0 | 0.1 | 7.89 | 0.07 | 357 | 57 | 2.22 | 0.54 | 1.50 | 0.31 | 1286 | 59 | 94 | 18 | 1437 | 83 | 31.8 | 0.6 | 218.56 | 0.26 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 8 | 11.35 | 2.26 | 375.19 | 74.39 | 376.41 | 74.63 | 1174.68 | 77.88 | 85.54 | 12.96 | 1271.57 | 79.99 | 1.37 | 0.22 | 2.11 | 0.33 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 4 | Diurnal pH/DO | 9.3 | 0.5 | 47.5 | 14.0 | 45.4 | 18.1 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 7.56 | 0.25 | 620 | 238 | 1.61 | 0.84 | 1.10 | 0.54 | 1330 | 132 | 68 | 33 | 1427 | 172 | 31.8 | 0.6 | 142.08 | 2.39 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 8 | 26.41 | 16.82 | 873.38 | 556.14 | 876.24 | 557.96 | 1279.02 | 169.60 | 43.56 | 23.63 | 1349.00 | 175.46 | 0.70 | 0.38 | 1.07 | 0.58 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 4 | Reduced pH/DO | 8.8 | 0.5 | 80.6 | 0.8 | 72.0 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 0.1 | 7.43 | 0.08 | 1271 | 371 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 1480 | 159 | 38 | 4 | 1505 | 143 | 31.8 | 0.6 | 153.92 | 0.22 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 8 | 38.45 | 8.44 | 1271.52 | 278.62 | 1275.69 | 279.53 | 1380.38 | 134.27 | 34.85 | 7.02 | 1453.68 | 141.46 | 0.56 | 0.12 | 0.86 | 0.18 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 4 | Low pH/DO | 9.3 | 0.3 | 42.5 | 7.9 | 44.6 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 0.2 | 7.16 | 0.07 | 2368 | 407 | 0.40 | 0.03 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 1399 | 130 | 17 | 1 | 1358 | 117 | 31.8 | 0.6 | 79.04 | 0.33 | 23.2 | 0.6 | 8 | 66.50 | 12.60 | 2198.85 | 415.92 | 2206.06 | 417.28 | 1281.95 | 111.78 | 17.38 | 3.17 | 1365.83 | 119.88 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 0.08 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 5 | Control | 9.3 | 0.3 | 84.2 | 8.8 | 70.8 | 9.6 | 8.0 | 0.1 | 7.94 | 0.03 | 466 | 3 | 3.16 | 0.09 | 2.04 | 0.07 | 1789 | 38 | 127 | 6 | 1968 | 48 | 29.6 | 1.6 | 225.28 | 0.58 | 22.5 | 0.4 | 8 | 14.51 | 1.25 | 465.56 | 39.98 | 467.10 | 40.12 | 1624.60 | 45.36 | 122.37 | 8.72 | 1761.48 | 46.12 | 1.97 | 0.17 | 3.06 | 0.26 |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 5 | 4 h Diurnal pH/DO | 9.0 | 0.0 | 76.7 | 3.0 | 57.2 | 6.4 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 1483 | 1215 | 2.00 | 1.23 | 1.29 | 0.79 | 1893 | 111 | 81 | 50 | 1969 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 5 | 8 h Diurnal pH/DO | 9.7 | 0.3 | 77.9 | 2.9 | 50.9 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 1709 | 1279 | 1.83 | 1.24 | 1.18 | 0.80 | 1915 | 113 | 73 | 50 | 1973 | 54 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 5 | 12 h Diurnal pH/DO | 8.7 | 0.3 | 54.6 | 1.8 | 34.2 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 1718 | 1260 | 1.77 | 1.18 | 1.14 | 0.76 | 1917 | 109 | 71 | 47 | 1972 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | Control | 8.8 | 0.3 | 78.4 | 7.9 | 71.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 0.1 | 7.90 | 0.03 | 506 | 48 | 2.76 | 0.37 | 1.78 | 0.24 | 1728 | 33 | 110 | 15 | 1880 | 55 | 28.0 | 0.9 | 226.24 | 0.75 | 22.8 | 1.6 | 8 | 15.69 | 1.50 | 503.07 | 43.50 | 504.72 | 43.64 | 1582.64 | 52.20 | 105.44 | 9.40 | 1703.76 | 53.14 | 1.71 | 0.18 | 2.67 | 0.27 | |
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 4 h Diurnal pH/DO | 9.0 | 0.4 | 69.4 | 11.8 | 66.8 | 4.4 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 1543 | 1253 | 1.74 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 0.70 | 1806 | 105 | 69 | 43 | 1864 | 52 | 28.0 | 0.9 | 22.8 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 8 h Diurnal pH/DO | 9.0 | 0.4 | 70.3 | 11.5 | 50.6 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 0.1 | 1741 | 1306 | 1.65 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 0.75 | 1831 | 115 | 66 | 46 | 1877 | 52 | 28.0 | 0.9 | 22.8 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia beryllina (fish) | 159227 | marinespecies.org | 12 h Diurnal pH/DO | 9.0 | 0.4 | 58.8 | 6.6 | 31.0 | 10.5 | 6.0 | 0.1 | 1733 | 1274 | 1.61 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 0.71 | 1833 | 113 | 64 | 44 | 1876 | 57 | 28.0 | 0.9 | 22.8 | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | Control | 7.5 | 0.3 | 90.6 | 5.1 | 29.0 | 8.5 | 5.2 | 0.1 | 7.93 | 0.02 | 526 | 39 | 2.62 | 0.21 | 1.69 | 0.13 | 1720 | 15 | 104 | 8 | 1864 | 26 | 29.6 | 0.8 | 224.00 | 0.10 | 22.4 | 0.2 | 8 | 14.13 | 0.82 | 452.02 | 26.29 | 453.51 | 26.38 | 1542.42 | 25.86 | 113.12 | 5.84 | 1669.66 | 25.50 | 1.82 | 0.13 | 2.83 | 0.20 | |
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 4 h Diurnal pH/DO | 7.8 | 0.3 | 80.9 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 5.9 | 0.2 | 1787 | 1356 | 1.61 | 1.11 | 1.03 | 0.71 | 1824 | 107 | 64 | 44 | 1867 | 24 | 29.6 | 0.8 | 22.4 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 8 h Diurnal pH/DO | 8.0 | 0.0 | 74.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 0.1 | 1763 | 1320 | 1.59 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.70 | 1818 | 102 | 64 | 44 | 1861 | 27 | 29.6 | 0.8 | 22.4 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
laboratory | Menidia menidia (fish) | 159228 | marinespecies.org | 12 h Diurnal pH/DO | 8.0 | 0.0 | 88.1 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 1780 | 1324 | 1.57 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.69 | 1823 | 102 | 63 | 43 | 1864 | 27 | 29.6 | 0.8 | 22.4 | 0.2 |