Citation:

PANGAEA.917470

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and phytoplankton biomass and species composition of a unique temperate rocky coastal hydrothermal vent system
Published: 2019
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Pelagos; South Pacific; Temperate

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Abstract:

In situ effects of ocean acidification are increasingly studied at submarine CO2 vents. Here we present a preliminary investigation into the water chemistry and biology of cool temperate CO2 vents near Whakaari–White Island, New Zealand. Water samples were collected inside three vent shafts, within vents at a distance of 2 m from the shaft and at control sites. Vent samples contained both seawater pH on the total scale (pHT) and carbonate saturation states that were severely reduced, creating conditions as predicted for beyond the year 2100. Vent samples showed lower salinities, higher temperatures and greater nutrient concentrations. Sulfide levels were elevated and mercury levels were at concentrations considered toxic at all vent and control sites, but stable organic and inorganic ligands were present, as deduced from Cu speciation data, potentially mediating harmful effects on local organisms. The biological investigations focused on phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroalgae. Interestingly, we found lower abundances but higher diversity of phytoplankton and zooplankton at sites in the direct vicinity of Whakaari. Follow-up studies will need a combination of methods and approaches to attribute observations to specific drivers. The Whakaari vents represent a unique ecosystem with considerable biogeochemical complexity, which, like many other vent systems globally, require care in their use as a model of 'future oceans'.

Keyword(s):

CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Pelagos; South Pacific; Temperate

Supplement to:

Zitoun, Rebecca; Connell, Sean D; Cornwall, Christopher Edward; Currie, Kim I; Fabricius, Katharina Elisabeth; Hoffmann, L J; Lamare, Miles D; Murdoch, J; Noonan, Sam; Sander, Sylvia G; Sewell, M A; Shears, N T; van den Berg, Constant M G; Smith, Abigail M (2020): A unique temperate rocky coastal hydrothermal vent system (Whakaari–White Island, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand): constraints for ocean acidification studies. Marine and Freshwater Research, 71(3), 321, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF19167

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -37.519800 * Longitude: 177.180800

Event(s):

Whakaari_White_Island * Latitude: -37.519800 * Longitude: 177.180800 * Method/Device: Field measurement

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-05-6.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Zitoun, Rebecca		study
2	Station label	Station		Zitoun, Rebecca
3	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		picoeukaryotes
4	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		nanoeukaryotes
5	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		coccolithophores
6	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		cryptophytes
7	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		diatoms
8	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		dinoflagellates
9	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		flagellates
10	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		heterotrophic
11	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		phytoplankton (sum of diatoms, dinoflagellates and flagellates)
12	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		picoeukaryotes, min (sum of picoeukaryotes, nanoeukaryotes, coccolithophores and cryptophytes)
13	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Zitoun, Rebecca		picoeukaryotes, max (sum of picoeukaryotes, nanoeukaryotes, coccolithophores and cryptophytes)
14	Number of species	Spec No	#	Zitoun, Rebecca
15	Shannon Diversity Index	H'		Zitoun, Rebecca
16	Equitability	E		Zitoun, Rebecca
17	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Zitoun, Rebecca
18	Salinity	Sal		Zitoun, Rebecca
19	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/l	Zitoun, Rebecca
20	Ammonium, standard deviation	[NH4]+ std dev	±	Zitoun, Rebecca
21	Nitrogen oxide	NOx	µmol/l	Zitoun, Rebecca
22	Nitrogen oxide, standard deviation	Nox std dev	±	Zitoun, Rebecca
23	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Zitoun, Rebecca
24	Phosphate, standard deviation	[PO4]3- std dev	±	Zitoun, Rebecca
25	pH	pH		Zitoun, Rebecca		total scale
26	pH	pH		Zitoun, Rebecca		total scale
27	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
28	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
29	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
30	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
31	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Zitoun, Rebecca
32	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Zitoun, Rebecca
33	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
34	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Zitoun, Rebecca
35	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Zitoun, Rebecca
36	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Zitoun, Rebecca
37	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Zitoun, Rebecca
38	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Zitoun, Rebecca
39	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
41	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
49	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

241 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Station	3 Cells [#/ml] (picoeukaryotes)	4 Cells [#/ml] (nanoeukaryotes)	5 Cells [#/ml] (coccolithophores)	6 Cells [#/ml] (cryptophytes)	7 Cells [#/ml] (diatoms)	8 Cells [#/ml] (dinoflagellates)	9 Cells [#/ml] (flagellates)	10 Cells [#/ml] (heterotrophic)	11 Cells [#/ml] (phytoplankton (sum of diatoms...)	12 Cells [#/ml] (picoeukaryotes, min (sum of p...)	13 Cells [#/ml] (picoeukaryotes, max (sum of p...)	14 Spec No [#]	15 H'	16 E	17 Temp [°C]	18 Sal	19 [NH4]+ [µmol/l]	20 [NH4]+ std dev [±]	21 NOx [µmol/l]	22 Nox std dev [±]	23 [PO4]3- [µmol/l]	24 [PO4]3- std dev [±]	25 pH (total scale)	26 pH (total scale)	27 DIC [µmol/kg]	28 DIC [µmol/kg]	29 AT [µmol/kg]	30 AT [µmol/kg]	31 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	32 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	33 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	34 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	35 Omega Arg	36 Omega Arg	37 Omega Cal	38 Omega Cal	39 CSC flag	40 pH (total scale)	41 CO2 [µmol/kg]	42 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	43 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	44 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	45 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	46 Omega Arg	47 Omega Cal	48 pH (total scale)	49 CO2 [µmol/kg]	50 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	51 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	52 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	53 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	54 Omega Arg	55 Omega Cal
field	C2	823.9	1016.7	235.9	29.8	11.08	7.42	0.30	5.36	18.80	2104.294	2108.571	21	2.31	0.12	17.4	34.7	0.71	0.42	0.03	0.03	15.42	0.16	8.06	8.08	2062.9	2067.6	2312.5	2314.8	372.5	385.8	176.1	180.7	2.72	2.79	4.21	4.32	15	8.04	14.08	402.85	404.27	1880.89	167.94	2.59	4.02	8.04	14.29	408.84	410.28	1886.79	166.52	2.57	3.98
field	V3-2m	1285.3	993.9	478.5	67.5	15.48	8.20	0.96	6.22	24.64	2570.552	3079.755	26	2.65	0.12	17.3	32.5	0.79	0.01	0.36	0.05	17.71	6.60	8.05	8.09	2079.3	2088.7	2322.6	2324.9	364.7	399.3	170.6	179.1	2.64	2.79	4.11	4.34	15	8.05	14.18	399.79	401.20	1900.63	164.48	2.57	3.99	8.04	14.77	416.49	417.96	1913.84	160.09	2.50	3.89
field	V1	776.1	880.4	279.1	76.7	17.23	11.37	3.04	12.80	31.64	1797.546	2226.994	30	2.78	0.09	17.3	34.5	11.66	0.13	0.53	0.04	17.51	4.98	6.76		2586.0	2591.3	2249.4	2280.1	9328.9	10015.9	9.4	10.4	0.15	0.16	0.23	0.25	15	6.70	363.78	10368.74	10405.66	2213.26	8.96	0.14	0.21	6.74	339.84	9686.43	9720.89	2241.62	9.84	0.15	0.24
field	C3 SW	898.8	693.3	414.1	67.5	20.98	6.88	0.82	3.24	28.68	2024.540	2122.699	28	2.76	0.10			0.40	0.08	0.09	0.03	2.26	1.73
field	C1	3825.2	1104.3	263.8	6.1	1.34	42.54	0.56	66.58	44.44	4699.387	5699.387	12	1.30	0.11	18.3	34.7	0.29	0.02	0.30	0.02	10.53	4.44	8.06	8.07	2058.0	2058.8	2309.8	2312.0	372.5	285.8	180.3	181.5	2.79	2.83	4.32	4.37	15	8.04	13.71	402.77	404.17	1871.24	173.04	2.68	4.14	8.05	13.64	400.54	401.93	1871.17	173.99	2.69	4.17