Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

Wollenburg, Jutta Erika; Iversen, Morten Hvitfeldt (2020): Cryogenic gypsum collected during PS106-1/2 in 2017 [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916035

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Abstract:
To date observations on a single location indicate that cryogenic gypsum (Ca[SO4]·2H2O) may constitute an efficient but hitherto overlooked ballasting mineral enhancing the efficiency of the biological carbon pump in the Arctic Ocean. In June-July 2017 we sampled cryogenic gypsum under pack-ice in the Nansen Basin north of Svalbard using a plankton net mounted on a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROVnet). Cryogenic gypsum crystals were present at all sampled stations, which suggested a persisting cryogenic gypsum release from melting sea ice throughout the investigated area. This was supported by a sea-ice backtracking model indicating that gypsum release was not related to a specific region of sea ice formation. The observed cryogenic gypsum crystals exhibited a large variability in morphology and size, with the largest crystals exceeding a length of 1 cm. Preservation, temperature and pressure laboratory studies revealed that gypsum dissolution rates accelerated with increasing temperature and pressure, ranging from 6% d-1 by mass in Polar Surface Water (-0.5 °C) to 81% d-1 by mass in Atlantic Water (2.5 °C at 65 bar). When testing the preservation of gypsum in Formaldehyde-fixed samples we observed immediate dissolution. Dissolution at warmer temperatures and through inappropriate preservation media may thus explain why cryogenic gypsum was not observed in scientific samples previously. Direct measurements of gypsum crystal sinking velocities ranged between 200 and 7000 m d-1, suggesting that gypsum-loaded marine aggregates could rapidly sink from the surface to abyssal depths, supporting the hypothesised potential of gypsum as a ballasting mineral in the Arctic Ocean.
Keyword(s):
cryogenic gypsum; morphology; settling velocity
Supplement to:
Wollenburg, Jutta Erika; Iversen, Morten Hvitfeldt; Katlein, Christian; Krumpen, Thomas; Nicolaus, Marcel; Castellani, Giulia; Peeken, Ilka; Flores, Hauke (2020): New observations of the distribution, morphology and dissolution dynamics of cryogenic gypsum in the Arctic Ocean. The Cryosphere, 14(6), 1795-1808, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1795-2020
Further details:
Arctic water masses simulating dissolution experiments
Size-Specific settling velocities - cryogenic gypsum
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 80.467935 * Median Longitude: 25.041092 * South-bound Latitude: 78.102370 * West-bound Longitude: 10.690680 * North-bound Latitude: 81.731000 * East-bound Longitude: 32.455800
Date/Time Start: 2017-06-15T06:41:00 * Date/Time End: 2017-07-12T15:16:00
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
19 datasets

Download Data

Download ZIP file containing all datasets as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

Datasets listed in this bundled publication

  1. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_32-2, under sea ice, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916034
  2. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_32-2, under sea ice, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916039
  3. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_32-2, 5 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916048
  4. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_32-2, 5 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916067
  5. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, under sea ice, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916037
  6. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, under sea ice, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916041
  7. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, 5 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916070
  8. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, 5 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916068
  9. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, 10 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916064
  10. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_45-1, 10 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916072
  11. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, under sea ice, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916038
  12. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, under sea ice, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916047
  13. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, 5 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916071
  14. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, 5 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916069
  15. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, 10 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916065
  16. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_66-5, 10 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916073
  17. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_80-2, 10 m water depth, size fraction 30-63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916066
  18. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Size measurements of cryogenic gypsum at Ice Station PS106_80-2, 10 m water depth, size fraction >63 µm. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916074
  19. Wollenburg, JE; Iversen, MH (2020): Properties of sea ice stations and characteristics of ROVnet profiles. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.916033