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Stumpp, Meike; Petersen, Inga; Thoben, Femke; Yan, Jia-Jiun; Leippe, Matthias; Hu, Marian Y (2020): Mortality, pigment cell response and ion regulatory capacity in sea urchin larvae in response to Vibrio infection under pharmacological and ocean acidification treatments [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914693

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Abstract:
Larval stages of the abulacraria superphylum including echinoderms and hemichordates have highly alkaline midguts. To date the reason for the evolution of such extreme pH conditions in the gut of these organisms remains unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that analogous to the acidic stomachs of vertebrates, these alkaline conditions may represent a first defensive barrier to protect from environmental pathogens. pH-optimum curves for five different species of marine bacteria demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferation rates by 50-60% between pH 8.5 and 9.5. Using the marine bacterium Vibrio diazotrophicus which elicits a coordinated immune response in the sea urchin larva of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, we studied the physiological responses of the midgut pH regulatory machinery to this pathogen. Gastroscopic microelectrode measurements demonstrate a stimulation of midgut alkalization upon infection with V. diazotrophicus accompanied by an upregulation of acid-base transporter transcripts of the midgut. Pharmacological inhibition of midgut alkalization resulted in an increased mortality rate of larvae during Vibrio infection. Reductions in seawater pH resembling ocean acidification (OA) conditions lead to moderate reductions in midgut alkalization. However, these reductions in midgut pH do not affect the immune response and resilience of sea urchin larvae to a Vibrio infection under OA conditions. Our study addressed the evolutionary benefits of the alkaline midgut of ambulacraria larval stages. The data indicate that alkaline conditions in the gut may serve as a first defensive barrier against environmental pathogens and that this mechanism can compensate for changes in seawater pH.
Keyword(s):
Ocean acidification
Supplement to:
Stumpp, Meike; Petersen, Inga; Thoben, Femke; Yan, Jia-Jiun; Hu, Marian Y (2020): Alkaline guts contribute to immunity during exposure to acidified seawater in the sea urchin larva. Journal of Experimental Biology, 223, jeb222844, https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.222844
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
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10 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 1: Growth rate of marine bacteria in response to medium pH. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914680
  2. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 2a: Gastric pH of sea urchin larva in response to Vibrio diazotropicus infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914681
  3. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 2b: qPCR data of ion regulatory genes in response to Vibrio diazotropicus infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914682
  4. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 3a: Gastric pH in response to the NHE inhibitor EIPA with and without Vibrio infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914684
  5. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 3b: Bacterial growth in response to the NHE inhibitor EIPA with and without Vibrio infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914685
  6. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 3c: Larval mortality in response to the NHE inhibitor EIPA with and without Vibrio infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914687
  7. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 4: Pigment cell behaviour in sea urchin larva in response to combined inhibitor (EIPA) and Vibrio infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914688
  8. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 5: Larval morphology, pigment cell response and larval density in response to ocean acidification treatment. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914689
  9. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Fig. 6: Gastric pH in response to combined treatment of seawater acidification and vibrio infection. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914691
  10. Stumpp, M; Petersen, I; Thoben, F et al. (2020): Experiment treatments for sea urchin larvae in response to Vibrio infection under pharmacological and ocean acidification treatments. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.914692