Citation:

PANGAEA.912683

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and herbivory of gastropod Lacuna vincta
Published: 2019
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Lacuna vincta; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Other; Respiration; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

While ocean acidification has different effects on herbivores and autotrophs, how acidification may influence herbivory is poorly understood. This study examined how grazing by the gastropod Lacuna vincta (hereafter Lacuna) on the macroalgae Ulva spp. (hereafter Ulva) is influenced by ocean acidification. Herbivory by Lacuna was significantly reduced under elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pCO2; 1500-2000 µatm) relative to ambient pCO2 (400 µatm). This significant decrease in herbivory was unrelated to the physiological status of Ulva but rather was specifically elicited when Lacuna was exposed to elevated pCO2 in the absence of food for 18 to 24 h prior to grazing Ulva. The negative effects of elevated pCO2 on Lacuna were absent at 400 to 800 µatm pCO2 or when fed but persisted for up to 72 h following a 24 h exposure to elevated pCO2 without food. Depressed respiration rates in Lacuna following exposure to high pCO2 without food indicated these conditions produced metabolic suppression potentially associated with acidosis. Collectively, the lasting (72 h) nature of grazing inhibition of Lacuna following brief exposure (18 h) to moderate pCO2 levels (>1500 µatm) when food was not available suggests this process could have broad effects on the dynamics of macroalgae in estuaries where Lacuna is a dominant grazer; these effects will be amplified as climate change progresses.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Lacuna vincta; Mollusca; North Atlantic; Other; Respiration; Single species; Temperate

Supplement to:

Young, Craig S; Lowell, Alyson; Peterson, Bradley J; Gobler, Christopher J (2019): Ocean acidification and food limitation combine to suppress herbivory by the gastropod Lacuna vincta. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 627, 83-94, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13087

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 40.850000 * Longitude: -72.250000

Event(s):

Shinnecock_Bay * Latitude: 40.850000 * Longitude: -72.250000 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-02-17.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Gobler, Christopher J		study
2	Species	Species		Gobler, Christopher J
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Gobler, Christopher J
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Gobler, Christopher J		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Identification	ID		Gobler, Christopher J		Series
6	Experiment	Exp		Gobler, Christopher J
7	Treatment	Treat		Gobler, Christopher J
8	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		24 h
9	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		24 h
10	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		48 h
11	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		48 h
12	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		72 h
13	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		72 h
14	pH	pH		Gobler, Christopher J		total scale
15	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		total scale
16	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gobler, Christopher J
17	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J
18	Salinity	Sal		Gobler, Christopher J
19	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
27	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
29	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
30	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
31	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J	Calculated using CO2SYS
32	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		0 h
33	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		0 h
34	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		6 h
35	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		6 h
36	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		12 h
37	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		12 h
38	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		18 h
39	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		18 h
40	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		24 h
41	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		24 h
42	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		96 h
43	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		96 h
44	Herbivory rate per grazer	Herbivory/grazer	mm²/#/day	Gobler, Christopher J		120 h
45	Herbivory rate per grazer, standard deviation	Herbivory/grazer std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		120 h
46	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	mg/g/h	Gobler, Christopher J		Initial, per dry mass
47	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation	Resp O2 std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		Initial, per dry mass
48	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	mg/g/h	Gobler, Christopher J		Post-starvation, per mass
49	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation	Resp O2 std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		Post-starvation, per mass
50	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	mg/g/h	Gobler, Christopher J		Post-grazing, per mass
51	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard deviation	Resp O2 std dev	±	Gobler, Christopher J		Post-grazing, per mass
52	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
55	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
57	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
59	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
60	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
61	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
62	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
63	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
64	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
65	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
66	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
67	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
68	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1612 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 ID (Series)	6 Exp	7 Treat	8 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (24 h)	9 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (24 h)	10 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (48 h)	11 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (48 h)	12 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (72 h)	13 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (72 h)	14 pH (total scale)	15 pH std dev [±] (total scale)	16 Temp [°C]	17 Temp std dev [±]	18 Sal	19 Sal std dev [±]	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	22 DIC [µmol/kg]	23 DIC std dev [±]	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	26 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	27 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	28 Omega Cal (Calculated using CO2SYS)	29 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	30 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	31 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	32 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (0 h)	33 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (0 h)	34 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (6 h)	35 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (6 h)	36 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (12 h)	37 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (12 h)	38 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (18 h)	39 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (18 h)	40 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (24 h)	41 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (24 h)	42 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (96 h)	43 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (96 h)	44 Herbivory/grazer [mm²/#/day] (120 h)	45 Herbivory/grazer std dev [±] (120 h)	46 Resp O2 [mg/g/h] (Initial, per dry mass)	47 Resp O2 std dev [±] (Initial, per dry mass)	48 Resp O2 [mg/g/h] (Post-starvation, per mass)	49 Resp O2 std dev [±] (Post-starvation, per mass)	50 Resp O2 [mg/g/h] (Post-grazing, per mass)	51 Resp O2 std dev [±] (Post-grazing, per mass)	52 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	53 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	54 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	55 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	56 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	57 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	58 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	59 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	60 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	61 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	62 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	63 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	64 AT std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	65 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	66 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	67 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	68 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	1	Ambient CO2	23.61	4.08					8.16	0.07	23.1	1.8	30.3	0.3	448	30	1883	33	1717	18	2096	56	3.82	0.40	2.48	0.26																					9	8.75	1.63	286.36	51.76	287.30	51.93	1658.44	43.67	215.81	34.37	2185.07	60.57	3.48	0.59	5.37	0.90
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	1	Elevated CO2	0.25	4.52					7.40	0.07	23.1	1.9	30.3	0.3	2378	143	2081	29	1970	31	2058	44	0.88	0.14	0.57	0.09																					9	60.01	9.97	1963.68	318.02	1970.12	319.06	1976.30	27.71	44.69	8.07	2086.03	35.72	0.72	0.14	1.11	0.21
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	2	Ambient CO2	10.87	0.85					8.13	0.03	21.9	0.2	29.7	0.6	395	105	1822	43	1654	62	2040	65	3.87	0.96	2.50	0.62																					9	9.49	0.78	299.63	24.44	300.62	24.52	1626.47	40.41	186.05	13.98	2083.69	50.77	2.99	0.26	4.64	0.41
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	2	Elevated CO2	1.43	1.79					7.52	0.03	21.9	0.2	29.7	0.6	1952	151	2021	73	1919	68	2020	71	1.01	0.06	0.65	0.04																					9	45.65	3.67	1441.96	115.69	1446.76	116.07	1921.40	69.43	53.95	4.66	2054.16	73.85	0.87	0.08	1.35	0.13
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	3	Ambient CO2	16.64	3.00					7.98	0.01	22.5	0.7	30.5	0.1	432	12	1808	22	1651	25	2011	17	3.58	0.08	2.33	0.06																					9	13.35	0.48	430.41	14.17	431.83	14.22	1654.80	21.03	139.85	6.57	2002.08	24.95	2.25	0.15	3.47	0.23
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	3	Elevated CO2	8.95	1.98					7.98	0.01	22.5	0.7	30.5	0.1	432	12	1808	22	1651	25	2011	17	3.58	0.08	2.33	0.06																					9	13.35	0.48	430.41	14.17	431.83	14.22	1654.80	21.03	139.85	6.57	2002.08	24.95	2.25	0.15	3.47	0.23
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	4	Ambient CO2	14.26	0.84					7.94	0.01	22.2	0.9	29.4	0.4	507	4	1845	21	1706	19	2011	23	3.07	0.04	1.98	0.02																					9	15.34	0.59	487.77	15.93	489.39	15.98	1703.42	20.30	126.24	6.57	2014.98	23.89	2.03	0.15	3.16	0.22
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	4	Elevated CO2	-1.25	4.79					7.37	0.06	22.0	0.8	29.3	0.1	2054	16	1965	51	1864	50	1953	54	0.90	0.05	0.58	0.03																					9	62.75	8.83	1983.19	277.56	1989.79	278.48	1865.42	48.56	36.84	5.50	1956.71	52.92	0.59	0.09	0.92	0.14
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	5	Ambient CO2	4.92	2.53	2.65	0.57	3.51	1.22	8.01	0.01	20.3	0.4	29.2	0.2	444	19	1951	14	1790	17	2149	8	3.66	0.08	2.35	0.05																					9	14.32	0.46	431.94	13.53	433.41	13.58	1792.07	14.07	144.60	6.06	2145.08	16.71	2.31	0.14	3.61	0.22
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	1	5	Elevated CO2	3.82	2.00	2.71	1.02	3.14	1.20	7.44	0.03	20.2	0.5	29.2	0.2	1774	154	2158	83	2052	78	2170	76	1.21	0.01	0.78	0.01																					9	61.08	4.95	1836.83	148.00	1843.08	148.51	2052.51	78.97	44.41	3.93	2160.75	82.85	0.71	0.07	1.11	0.11
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	6	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	8.31	5.03					8.00	0.05	22.6	0.7	31.3	1.6	478	34	1941	112	1781	104	2142	120	3.59	0.14	2.33	0.10																					9	13.48	1.89	437.55	60.48	438.99	60.68	1767.37	103.47	160.16	21.23	2160.54	123.90	2.57	0.36	3.95	0.55
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	6	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	6.03	1.65					8.00	0.05	22.6	0.7	31.3	1.6	478	34	1941	112	1781	104	2142	120	3.59	0.14	2.33	0.10																					9	13.48	1.89	437.55	60.48	438.99	60.68	1767.37	103.47	160.16	21.23	2160.54	123.90	2.57	0.36	3.95	0.55
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	6	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	1.91	0.62					7.41	0.06	22.7	0.9	31.0	1.3	2173	462	2110	97	2001	88	2103	78	1.01	0.17	0.65	0.11																					9	59.52	8.78	1934.15	282.56	1940.53	283.49	2003.98	92.16	46.50	7.31	2118.21	98.10	0.75	0.12	1.15	0.19
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	6	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	2.16	6.22					7.41	0.06	22.7	0.9	31.0	1.3	2173	462	2110	97	2001	88	2103	78	1.01	0.17	0.65	0.11																					9	59.52	8.78	1934.15	282.56	1940.53	283.49	2003.98	92.16	46.50	7.31	2118.21	98.10	0.75	0.12	1.15	0.19
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	7	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	1.67	0.92					8.00	0.02	22.7	0.5	29.2	0.1	423	20	1822	40	1663	26	2025	60	3.66	0.37	2.36	0.24																					9	12.96	0.75	417.15	23.76	418.53	23.84	1665.42	37.32	143.62	8.64	2019.31	44.29	2.32	0.18	3.60	0.27
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	7	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	2.37	0.68					8.00	0.02	22.7	0.5	29.2	0.1	423	20	1822	40	1663	26	2025	60	3.66	0.37	2.36	0.24																					9	12.96	0.75	417.15	23.76	418.53	23.84	1665.42	37.32	143.62	8.64	2019.31	44.29	2.32	0.18	3.60	0.27
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	7	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	-0.37	1.46					7.44	0.04	22.8	0.7	30.0	0.1	1547	26	1959	3	1861	3	1989	1	1.29	0.04	0.83	0.03																					9	52.04	4.91	1686.54	157.76	1692.09	158.27	1861.66	3.40	45.30	4.61	1973.99	11.67	0.73	0.08	1.13	0.13
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	7	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	-0.49	0.12					7.44	0.04	22.8	0.7	30.0	0.1	1547	26	1959	3	1861	3	1989	1	1.29	0.04	0.83	0.03																					9	52.04	4.91	1686.54	157.76	1692.09	158.27	1861.66	3.40	45.30	4.61	1973.99	11.67	0.73	0.08	1.13	0.13
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	8	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	1.93	0.32	3.80	1.24	5.51	1.47	8.02	0.02	22.3	0.1	28.9	0.2	399	23	1852	57	1688	53	2063	61	3.81	0.17	2.46	0.11																					9	12.71	0.77	403.97	24.63	405.30	24.71	1690.10	52.55	149.20	9.21	2056.10	62.17	2.41	0.19	3.74	0.29
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	8	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	4.34	2.02	2.93	1.91	4.16	2.26	8.02	0.02	22.3	0.1	28.9	0.2	399	23	1852	57	1688	53	2063	61	3.81	0.17	2.46	0.11																					9	12.71	0.77	403.97	24.63	405.30	24.71	1690.10	52.55	149.20	9.21	2056.10	62.17	2.41	0.19	3.74	0.29
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	8	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	-0.14	1.16	0.55	1.41	0.78	0.80	7.39	0.03	22.2	0.1	29.1	0.3	1903	122	2090	78	1986	75	2095	80	1.11	0.09	0.72	0.06																					9	63.65	5.08	2020.46	161.23	2027.17	161.77	1985.21	74.12	41.14	3.56	2085.84	77.65	0.66	0.07	1.03	0.10
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	8	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	0.38	0.66	-0.79	1.17	0.85	1.91	7.39	0.03	22.2	0.1	29.1	0.3	1903	122	2090	78	1986	75	2095	80	1.11	0.09	0.72	0.06																					9	63.65	5.08	2020.46	161.23	2027.17	161.77	1985.21	74.12	41.14	3.56	2085.84	77.65	0.66	0.07	1.03	0.10
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	9	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	7.75	4.64					8.02	0.05	23.2	0.5	29.3	0.5	308	76	1662	88	1495	107	1892	50	3.95	0.53	2.55	0.35																					9	11.11	1.52	362.49	49.34	363.67	49.50	1511.49	81.32	139.40	17.37	1860.77	97.75	2.26	0.30	3.50	0.46
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	9	Ambient CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	-1.81	6.24					8.02	0.05	23.2	0.5	29.3	0.5	308	76	1662	88	1495	107	1892	50	3.95	0.53	2.55	0.35																					9	11.11	1.52	362.49	49.34	363.67	49.50	1511.49	81.32	139.40	17.37	1860.77	97.75	2.26	0.30	3.50	0.46
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	9	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Ambient CO? (grazing)	6.86	4.26					7.33	0.05	23.2	0.3	29.3	0.2	1997	121	1927	27	1828	25	1918	19	0.90	0.05	0.58	0.04																					9	65.75	7.60	2145.79	247.72	2152.83	248.54	1826.85	25.87	34.40	4.24	1912.33	29.78	0.56	0.07	0.86	0.11
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	2	9	Elevated CO? (starvation)/Elevated CO? (grazing)	-1.63	7.06					7.33	0.05	23.2	0.3	29.3	0.2	1997	121	1927	27	1828	25	1918	19	0.90	0.05	0.58	0.04																					9	65.75	7.60	2145.79	247.72	2152.83	248.54	1826.85	25.87	34.40	4.24	1912.33	29.78	0.56	0.07	0.86	0.11
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	10	Exposure to Elevated CO?							7.44	0.02	22.3	0.1	29.5	0.7	1482	84	1861	22	1769	21	1884	31	1.14	0.10	0.74	0.06	4.51	0.93	5.05	1.76	4.99	1.27	1.72	1.07	0.91	0.72											9	50.23	2.56	1602.01	81.10	1607.32	81.37	1769.05	20.98	41.72	2.56	1873.42	22.64	0.67	0.05	1.04	0.08
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	11	Ambient CO2	5.53	2.26	6.97	2.42	5.17	2.19	8.03	0.02	22.1	0.6	29.3	0.4	389	17	1850	15	1682	18	2066	8	3.89	0.09	2.51	0.06																					9	12.37	0.68	392.15	20.96	393.46	21.03	1684.97	15.97	152.66	8.89	2060.08	20.24	2.46	0.18	3.82	0.28
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	11	Low CO2	3.93	1.48	7.11	1.08	6.25	0.98	7.73	0.02	22.3	0.6	29.3	0.4	847	53	1944	24	1832	26	2045	16	2.15	0.10	1.39	0.06																					9	26.75	1.44	852.45	44.54	855.27	44.68	1833.38	22.99	83.87	5.17	2039.67	25.96	1.35	0.11	2.10	0.16
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	11	Medium CO2	1.01	1.33	2.18	0.67	1.00	1.89	7.53	0.03	22.4	0.8	29.3	0.4	1506	88	2223	44	2113	42	2265	43	1.57	0.01	1.01	0.01																					9	48.77	3.72	1558.10	116.10	1563.26	116.48	2113.01	41.90	61.22	5.19	2260.74	45.39	0.99	0.10	1.53	0.15
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	11	High CO2	-1.63	1.00	1.60	0.56	-3.71	2.52	7.30	0.02	22.6	0.8	29.3	0.4	2056	112	2076	46	1970	43	2072	42	1.03	0.02	0.66	0.02																					9	76.73	4.26	2464.42	131.68	2472.57	132.11	1965.49	43.62	33.78	2.35	2048.39	45.53	0.55	0.05	0.85	0.07
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	12	Ambient CO2 (starvation)/ Ambient CO2 (grazing)	6.66	2.34	2.78	1.80	5.44	1.16	8.03	0.01	22.2	0.2	29.0	1.5	384	5	1848	21	1680	18	2066	23	3.92	0.04	2.53	0.03											4.54	1.16	8.84	0.49							9	12.38	0.47	392.79	13.66	394.09	13.70	1683.69	20.63	151.92	8.22	2056.58	25.90	2.45	0.17	3.81	0.25
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	12	Elevated CO2 (starvation)/Ambient CO2 (grazing)	0.27	1.16	-2.56	1.56	2.31	1.06	7.35	0.03	22.4	0.1	29.1	1.3	1975	74	2004	14	1903	13	2001	11	0.99	0.02	0.64	0.01											4.33	1.69	8.48	2.13							9	66.57	4.79	2124.38	150.78	2131.42	151.28	1901.23	13.53	36.20	3.09	1990.52	16.46	0.58	0.06	0.91	0.09
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	13	Group A (Starved in Ambient CO2)							8.06	0.02	22.3	0.1	30.0	0.8	338	38	1741	1	1570	16	1972	26	3.99	0.39	2.58	0.26															1.97	0.37	0.94	0.08	1.91	0.27	9	10.66	0.57	340.90	18.21	342.03	18.27	1573.64	8.36	156.70	8.76	1963.62	12.76	2.52	0.18	3.90	0.28
laboratory	Lacuna vincta (mollusk)	140170	marinespecies.org	3	13	Group B (Starved in Elevated CO2)							7.43	0.03	22.3	0.1	30.3	0.4	1611	62	1840	12	1748	11	1854	8	1.04	0.03	0.67	0.02															1.90	0.24	1.00	0.19	0.95	0.48	9	50.36	3.59	1613.26	114.93	1618.61	115.32	1748.51	11.53	41.13	3.22	1852.01	14.36	0.66	0.06	1.02	0.09