Citation:

j.protis.2018.10.002

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth rates, physiology, and geneexpression of Heterosigma akashiwo
Published: 2019
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Heterosigma akashiwo; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Ochrophyta; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

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Abstract:

Heterosigma akashiwo is a raphidophyte known for forming ichthyotoxic blooms. In order to predict the potential impacts of rising CO2 on H. akashiwo it is necessary to understand the factors influencing growth rates over a range of CO2 concentrations. Here we examined the physiology and gene expression response of H. akashiwo to concentrations from 200 to 1000 ppm CO2. Growth rate data were combined from this and previous studies and fit with a CO2 limitation-inhibition model that revealed an apparent growth optimum around 600–800 ppm CO2. Physiological changes included a significant increase in C:N ratio at 800 ppm CO2 and a significant decrease in hydrogen peroxide concentration at 1000 ppm. Whole transcriptome sequencing of H. akashiwo revealed sharp distinctions in metabolic pathway gene expression between 600 and 800 ppm CO2. Hierarchical clustering by co-expression identified groups of genes with significant correlations to CO2 and growth rate. Genes with significant differential expression with CO2 included carbon concentrating mechanism genes such as beta-carbonic anhydrases and a bicarbonate transporter, which may underpin shifts in physiology. Genes involved in cell motility were significantly changed by both elevated CO2 and growth rate, suggesting that future ocean conditions could modify swimming behavior in this species.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Heterosigma akashiwo; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Ochrophyta; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-01-28.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Dyhrman, Sonya T		study
2	Species	Species		Dyhrman, Sonya T
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Dyhrman, Sonya T
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Dyhrman, Sonya T		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Sample ID	Sample ID		Dyhrman, Sonya T
6	Treatment	Treat		Dyhrman, Sonya T		CO2
7	Treatment	Treat		Dyhrman, Sonya T		RCP
8	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Dyhrman, Sonya T
9	Cell density	Cells	#/ml	Dyhrman, Sonya T
10	Cell density, standard deviation	Cells std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T
11	Carbon per cell	C/cell	pg/#	Dyhrman, Sonya T
12	Carbon per cell, standard deviation	C/cell std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T
13	Nitrogen per cell	N/cell	pg/#	Dyhrman, Sonya T
14	Nitrogen per cell, standard deviation	N/cell std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T
15	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Dyhrman, Sonya T
16	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/l	Dyhrman, Sonya T
17	Chlorophyll a per cell	Chl a/cell	pg/#	Dyhrman, Sonya T
18	Hydrogen peroxide	H2O2	µmol/l	Dyhrman, Sonya T
19	Hydrogen peroxide per cell	H2O2/cell	fmol/#	Dyhrman, Sonya T
20	Primary production of carbon per chlorophyll a	PP C/Chl a	µg/µg/day	Dyhrman, Sonya T
21	Identification	ID		Dyhrman, Sonya T		Sequencing
22	Experiment	Exp		Dyhrman, Sonya T
23	pH	pH		Dyhrman, Sonya T	Spectrophotometric	total scale, at 25 °C
24	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T	Spectrophotometric	total scale, at 25 °C
25	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Dyhrman, Sonya T	Potentiometric titration
26	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T	Potentiometric titration
27	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Dyhrman, Sonya T	Calculated using CO2calc
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Dyhrman, Sonya T	Calculated using CO2calc
29	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Dyhrman, Sonya T
30	Salinity	Sal		Dyhrman, Sonya T
31	Phosphate	PHSPHT	µmol/kg	Dyhrman, Sonya T
32	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
34	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

611 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Sample ID	6 Treat (CO2)	7 Treat (RCP)	8 µ [1/day]	9 Cells [#/ml]	10 Cells std dev [±]	11 C/cell [pg/#]	12 C/cell std dev [±]	13 N/cell [pg/#]	14 N/cell std dev [±]	15 C/N	16 Chl a [µg/l]	17 Chl a/cell [pg/#]	18 H2O2 [µmol/l]	19 H2O2/cell [fmol/#]	20 PP C/Chl a [µg/µg/day]	21 ID (Sequencing)	22 Exp	23 pH (total scale, at 25 °C, Spectr...)	24 pH std dev [±] (total scale, at 25 °C, Spectr...)	25 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	26 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	27 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2calc)	28 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2calc)	29 Temp [°C]	30 Sal	31 PHSPHT [µmol/kg]	32 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	34 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak2_200A	200	Premodern	0.624	4230.000	150.997	192.343	37.430	0.047	0.009	4.802	2.555	0.60	0.11	25.40	198.719	SS0095	2	8.14	0.04	2096	39	207	24	18	32.53	36.2	8	8.25	7.14	205.58	206	1522.74	211.96	1741.85	3.31	5.15
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_200B	200	Premodern	0.643	5220.000	332.866	234.521	45.638	0.054	0.011	5.023	3.032	0.58	0.16	30.60	259.655	SS0096	1	8.00	0.06	2037	25	304	49	18	32.53	36.2	8	8.11	10.36	298.15	299	1593.27	160.00	1763.64	2.50	3.89
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_200C	200	Premodern	0.572	3440.000	811.911	292.525	56.925	0.069	0.013	4.960	3.582	1.04	0.12	34.80	160.563	SS0097	1	8.03	0.03	2077	30	285	23	18	32.53	36.2	8	8.14	9.72	279.64	281	1602.86	172.66	1785.24	2.70	4.20
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak2_400A	400	modern	0.675	4106.667	188.237	207.209	40.323	0.046	0.009	5.225	2.175	0.53	0.14	33.60	264.314	SS0098	2	7.85	0.06	2089	72	475	76	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.95	16.09	462.86	464	1741.41	123.13	1880.63	1.93	2.99
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_400B	400	modern	0.498	4033.333	264.071	253.246	49.282	0.059	0.012	4.986	2.118	0.53	0.09	22.20	240.130	SS0099	1	7.97	0.03	2089	53	331	24	18	32.53	36.2	8	8.08	11.57	333.01	334	1659.38	155.39	1826.34	2.43	3.78
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak2_400B	400	modern	0.725	3886.667	289.367	195.521	38.048	0.046	0.009	4.977	1.920	0.49	0.12	32.00	287.001	SS0100	2	7.86	0.07	2079	101	463	82	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.96	15.58	448.23	450	1726.41	124.96	1866.95	1.95	3.04
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak2_600A	600	RCP4.5	0.582	2746.667	577.350	151.891	29.558	0.042	0.008	4.213	1.073	0.39	0.07	25.70	226.542	SS0101	2	7.79	0.02	2083	64	539	29	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.89	18.85	542.27	544	1771.70	108.78	1899.32	1.70	2.64
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak2_600B	600	RCP4.5	0.839	5220.000	720.000	163.174	31.754	0.036	0.007	5.227	1.167	0.22	0.09	17.50	612.515	SS0102	2	7.82	0.03	2063	57	493	39	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.92	17.22	495.34	497	1736.70	114.43	1868.34	1.79	2.78
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_600B	600	RCP4.5	0.665	5753.333	1103.147	137.286	26.716	0.033	0.006	4.845	1.825	0.32	0.06	11.20	287.839	SS0103	1	7.70	0.05	2029	27	682	80	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.80	23.29	670.03	672	1769.65	87.83	1880.77	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_800A	800	RCP6	0.647	2966.667	416.333	234.511	45.636	0.042	0.008	6.507			0.08	28.50		SS0107	1	7.63	0.04	2079	49	822	78	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.73	28.70	825.78	829	1846.88	77.62	1953.20	1.21	1.89
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_800B	800	RCP6	0.837	7153.333	2402.110	219.018	42.621	0.047	0.009	5.458	3.724	0.52	0.15	21.40	352.080	SS0108	1	7.63	0.02	2076	63	824	39	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.73	28.66	824.55	827	1844.11	77.51	1950.27	1.21	1.88
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_800C	800	RCP6	0.840	7560.000	578.619	225.288	43.841	0.044	0.009	5.921	2.596	0.34	0.17	21.90	551.211	SS0109	1	7.70	0.05	2089	47	694	83	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.80	24.00	690.64	693	1824.21	90.55	1938.77	1.42	2.20
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_1000A	1000	RCP8.5	0.508	2766.667	404.145	151.163	29.416	0.034	0.007	5.260	1.260	0.46	0.03	12.00	168.590	SS0104	1	7.54	0.01	2082	33	1051	42	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.63	36.33	1045.20	1049	1884.95	63.88	1985.16	1.00	1.55
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_1000B	1000	RCP8.5	0.634	6940.000		117.874	22.938	0.028	0.005	4.947	2.301	0.33	0.05	6.70	225.497	SS0105	1	7.54	0.01	2044	45	1034	37	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.63	35.64	1025.46	1029	1849.36	62.68	1947.68	0.98	1.52
laboratory	Heterosigma akashiwo (phytoplankton)	160585	marinespecies.org	Hak1_1000C	1000	RCP8.5	0.469	3300.000	782.560	273.985	53.317	0.061	0.012	5.266	1.883	0.57	0.03	8.94	224.943	SS0106	1	7.57	0.03	2087	52	966	78	18	32.53	36.2	8	7.67	33.69	969.35	973	1878.50	68.41	1980.60	1.07	1.66