Citation:

2019GB006223

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and shell opacity of pteropod
Published: 2019-11-21
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina antarctica; Mollusca; Nekton; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species

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Abstract:

The potential for preservation of thecosome pteropods is thought to be largely governed by the chemical stability of their delicate aragonitic shells in seawater. However, sediment trap studies have found that significant carbonate dissolution can occur above the carbonate saturation horizon. Here we present the results from experiments conducted on two cruises to the Scotia Sea to directly test whether the breakdown of the organic pteropod body influences shell dissolution. We find that, on the timescales of three to thirteen days, the oxidation of organic matter within the shells of dead pteropods is a stronger driver of shell dissolution than the saturation state of seawater. Three to four days after death, shells became milky white and nano‐SEM images reveal smoothing of internal surface features and increased shell porosity, both indicative of aragonite dissolution. These findings have implications for the interpretation of the condition of pteropod shells from sediment traps and the fossil record, as well as for understanding the processes controlling particulate carbonate export from the surface ocean.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Antarctic; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Laboratory experiment; Limacina helicina antarctica; Mollusca; Nekton; Open ocean; Pelagos; Polar; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -54.501515 * Median Longitude: -40.728600 * South-bound Latitude: -55.191290 * West-bound Longitude: -41.345530 * North-bound Latitude: -53.811740 * East-bound Longitude: -40.111670

Date/Time Start: 2013-12-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2015-12-08T00:00:00

Event(s):

South_Georgia_northwest * Latitude: -53.811740 * Longitude: -40.111670 * Date/Time: 2015-12-08T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

South_Georgia_southwest * Latitude: -55.191290 * Longitude: -41.345530 * Date/Time: 2013-12-03T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2019-11-20.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Oakes, Rosie L
2	Type	Type		Oakes, Rosie L		study
3	Species	Species		Oakes, Rosie L
4	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Oakes, Rosie L
5	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Oakes, Rosie L		WoRMS Aphia ID
6	Experiment	Exp		Oakes, Rosie L
7	Time in days	Time	days	Oakes, Rosie L		Decay
8	Identification	ID		Oakes, Rosie L
9	Greyscale value	Grey		Oakes, Rosie L		Shell
10	Greyscale value	Grey		Oakes, Rosie L		Background
11	Opacity	Opacity		Oakes, Rosie L
12	Treatment	Treat		Oakes, Rosie L
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Oakes, Rosie L
14	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L
15	Salinity	Sal		Oakes, Rosie L
16	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L
17	pH	pH		Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS	NBS scale
18	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS	NBS scale
19	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Oakes, Rosie L
20	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L
21	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Oakes, Rosie L
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L
23	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	ppmv	Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Oakes, Rosie L	Calculated using CO2SYS
27	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
29	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	total scale
30	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
32	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
34	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
36	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
38	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
42	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

675 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Type (study)	3 Species	4 Reg spec no	5 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	6 Exp	7 Time [days] (Decay)	8 ID	9 Grey (Shell)	10 Grey (Background)	11 Opacity	12 Treat	13 Temp [°C]	14 Temp std dev [±]	15 Sal	16 Sal std dev [±]	17 pH (NBS scale, Calculated using C...)	18 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Calculated using C...)	19 AT [µmol/kg]	20 AT std dev [±]	21 DIC [µmol/kg]	22 DIC std dev [±]	23 pCO2water_SST_wet [ppmv] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	26 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	27 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	29 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Calculated using...)	30 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_01	168	81	0.34		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_02	179	90	0.35		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_03	172	93	0.31		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_04	173	90	0.33		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_05	173	88	0.33		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	0.0	Env122_dried_D_06	175	87	0.35		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_01	164	125	0.15		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_02	154	100	0.21		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_03	156	102	0.21		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_04	158	109	0.19		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_05	162	110	0.20		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_northwest	laboratory	Limacina retroversa (mollusk)	140227	marinespecies.org	Decay	3.5	Env122_dried_L_06	155	113	0.16		2.5		33.8		8.1		2280.54		2123.98		321		1.77		15	8.12		18.48		321.09		322.46		1990.11		115.39		1.75		2.78
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_FSW_D_01	181	58	0.48	Omega arag=1.4	1.9	0.32	34.1	0.02	8.1	0.02	2333.12	11.5	2219.21	19	378	12	1.40	0.11	15	8.01	0.06	25.69	4.05	437.21	69.17	439.09	69.47	2101.22	26.28	92.30	12.29	1.39	0.20	2.22	0.31
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_FSW_D_02	202			Omega arag=1.4	1.9	0.32	34.1	0.02	8.1	0.02	2333.12	11.5	2219.21	19	378	12	1.40	0.11	15	8.01	0.06	25.69	4.05	437.21	69.17	439.09	69.47	2101.22	26.28	92.30	12.29	1.39	0.20	2.22	0.31
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_FSW_D_03	202	71	0.51	Omega arag=1.4	1.9	0.32	34.1	0.02	8.1	0.02	2333.12	11.5	2219.21	19	378	12	1.40	0.11	15	8.01	0.06	25.69	4.05	437.21	69.17	439.09	69.47	2101.22	26.28	92.30	12.29	1.39	0.20	2.22	0.31
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_750_D_01	188	43	0.57	Omega arag=0.89	1.9	0.62	34.1	0.02	7.8	0.01	2333.12	8.9	2284.12	8	753	22	0.89	0.04	15	7.81	0.04	42.38	4.10	721.21	72.43	724.31	72.73	2181.43	8.98	60.31	5.47	0.91	0.09	1.45	0.15
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_750_D_02	219	71	0.58	Omega arag=0.89	1.9	0.62	34.1	0.02	7.8	0.01	2333.12	8.9	2284.12	8	753	22	0.89	0.04	15	7.81	0.04	42.38	4.10	721.21	72.43	724.31	72.73	2181.43	8.98	60.31	5.47	0.91	0.09	1.45	0.15
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_750_D_05	218			Omega arag=0.89	1.9	0.62	34.1	0.02	7.8	0.01	2333.12	8.9	2284.12	8	753	22	0.89	0.04	15	7.81	0.04	42.38	4.10	721.21	72.43	724.31	72.73	2181.43	8.98	60.31	5.47	0.91	0.09	1.45	0.15
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_1000_D_01	190	57	0.52	Omega arag=0.78	1.9	0.65	34.1	0.02	7.6	0.02	2333.12	9.5	2297.04	13	1200	13	0.78	0.09	15	7.76	0.06	47.13	6.22	802.10	108.31	805.56	108.77	2195.01	13.33	54.90	6.73	0.83	0.11	1.32	0.17
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_1000_D_04	224			Omega arag=0.78	1.9	0.65	34.1	0.02	7.6	0.02	2333.12	9.5	2297.04	13	1200	13	0.78	0.09	15	7.76	0.06	47.13	6.22	802.10	108.31	805.56	108.77	2195.01	13.33	54.90	6.73	0.83	0.11	1.32	0.17
South_Georgia_southwest	laboratory	Limacina helicina antarctica (mollusk)	719576	marinespecies.org	Incubation		Ex3_1000_D_05	185	51	0.53	Omega arag=0.78	1.9	0.65	34.1	0.02	7.6	0.02	2333.12	9.5	2297.04	13	1200	13	0.78	0.09	15	7.76	0.06	47.13	6.22	802.10	108.31	805.56	108.77	2195.01	13.33	54.90	6.73	0.83	0.11	1.32	0.17