Citation:

j.aquatox.2018.09.006

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and mortality, abnormality, morphology, respiration of Heliocidaris crassispi
Published: 2018
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Heliocidaris crassispi; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; Pelagos; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

Metallic pollution is of particular concern in coastal cities. In the Asian megacity of Hong Kong, despite water qualities have improved over the past decade, some local zones are still particularly affected and could represent sinks for remobilization of labile toxic species such as copper. Ocean acidification is expected to increase the fraction of the most toxic form of copper (Cu2+) by 2.3-folds by 2100 (pH =7.7), increasing its bioavailability to marine organisms. Multiple stressors are likely to exert concomitant effects (additive, synergic or antagonist) on marine organisms.

Here, we tested the hypothesis that copper contaminated waters are more toxic to sea urchin larvae under future pH conditions. We exposed sea urchin embryos and larvae to two low-pH and two copper treatments (0.1 and 1.0 μM) in three separate experiments. Over the short time typically used for toxicity tests (up to 4-arm plutei, i.e. 3 days), larvae of the sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina were robust and survived the copper levels present in Hong Kong waters today (≤0.19 μM) as well as the average pH projected for 2100. We, however, observed significant mortality with lowering pH in the longer, single-stressor experiment (Expt A: 8-arm plutei, i.e. 9 days). Abnormality and arm asymmetry were significantly increased by pH or/and by copper presence (depending on the experiment and copper level). Body size (d3; but not body growth rates in Expt A) was significantly reduced by both lowered pH and added copper. Larval respiration (Expt A) was doubled by a decrease at pHT from 8.0 to 7.3 on d6. In Expt B1.0 and B0.1, larval morphology (relative arm lengths and stomach volume) were affected by at least one of the two investigated factors.

Although the larvae appeared robust, these sub-lethal effects may have indirect consequences on feeding, swimming and ultimately survival. The complex relationship between pH and metal speciation/uptake is not well-characterized and further investigations are urgently needed to detangle the mechanisms involved and to identify possible caveats in routinely used toxicity tests.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Heliocidaris crassispi; Inorganic toxins; Laboratory experiment; Mortality/Survival; North Pacific; Pelagos; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 22.357420 * Longitude: 114.267560

Event(s):

Leung_Sheun_Wan * Latitude: 22.357420 * Longitude: 114.267560 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2019-09-30.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Dorey, Narimane		study
2	Species	Species		Dorey, Narimane
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Dorey, Narimane
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Dorey, Narimane		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Experiment	Exp		Dorey, Narimane
6	Identification	ID		Dorey, Narimane		bottle within the experiment
7	Treatment	Treat		Dorey, Narimane
8	pH	pH		Dorey, Narimane		total scale, mean
9	Treatment	Treat		Dorey, Narimane		copper
10	Time in hours	Time	h	Dorey, Narimane
11	Time in days	Time	days	Dorey, Narimane
12	Time in days	Time	days	Dorey, Narimane		rounded days
13	Larvae mortality	Larv mortality	%/h	Dorey, Narimane
14	Larval density	Larval dens	#/ml	Dorey, Narimane
15	Abnormality	Abn	%	Dorey, Narimane
16	Identification	ID		Dorey, Narimane		Larvae
17	Body length	BL	µm	Dorey, Narimane
18	Arm length, postoral	POL	µm	Dorey, Narimane		max
19	Arm length, postoral	POL	µm	Dorey, Narimane		min
20	Gap of postoral arms	POG	µm	Dorey, Narimane
21	Arm symmetry	Arm sym	%	Dorey, Narimane		POL
22	Anterolateral arm length	AL	µm	Dorey, Narimane		max
23	Anterolateral arm length	AL	µm	Dorey, Narimane		min
24	Arm symmetry	Arm sym	%	Dorey, Narimane		AL
25	Gap of anterolateral arms	AG	µm	Dorey, Narimane
26	Stomach volume	Stomach vol	µm³	Dorey, Narimane
27	Body length	BL	µm	Dorey, Narimane		mean
28	Body length, standard deviation	BL std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
29	Respiration rate, oxygen, per body length	Resp O2/BL	pmol/h/µm	Dorey, Narimane
30	Copper	Cu	µg/g	Dorey, Narimane		Copper concentration in the larvae
31	Salinity	Sal		Dorey, Narimane
32	pH	pH		Dorey, Narimane		total scale
33	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane		total scale
34	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Dorey, Narimane
35	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
36	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Dorey, Narimane
37	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
38	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Dorey, Narimane
39	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
40	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Dorey, Narimane
41	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
42	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Dorey, Narimane
43	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Dorey, Narimane
44	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

82177 data points

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