Citation:

fmars.2018.00371

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and dissolution of the triton shell
Published: 2018
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Charonia lampas; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mollusca; North Pacific; Single species

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is expected to negatively impact many calcifying marine organisms by impairing their ability to build their protective shells and skeletons, and by causing dissolution and erosion. Here we investigated the large predatory “triton shell” gastropod Charonia lampas in acidified conditions near CO2 seeps off Shikine-jima (Japan) and compared them with individuals from an adjacent bay with seawater pH at present-day levels (outside the influence of the CO2 seep). By using computed tomography we show that acidification negatively impacts their thickness, density, and shell structure, causing visible deterioration to the shell surface. Periods of aragonite undersaturation caused the loss of the apex region and exposing body tissues. While gross calcification rates were likely reduced near CO2 seeps, the corrosive effects of acidification were far more pronounced around the oldest parts of the shell. As a result, the capacity of C. lampas to maintain their shells under ocean acidification may be strongly driven by abiotic dissolution and erosion, and not under biological control of the calcification process. Understanding the response of marine calcifying organisms and their ability to build and maintain their protective shells and skeletons will be important for our understanding of future marine ecosystems.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Charonia lampas; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mollusca; North Pacific; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 34.319170 * Longitude: 139.205000

Event(s):

Shikine * Latitude: 34.319170 * Longitude: 139.205000 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2019-09-23.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Harvey, Ben P		study
2	Species	Species		Harvey, Ben P
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Harvey, Ben P
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Harvey, Ben P		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Location	Location		Harvey, Ben P
6	Position	Position		Harvey, Ben P		Suture
7	Shell density	Shell den	HU	Harvey, Ben P
8	Number	n	#	Harvey, Ben P		Count
9	Shell density, standard error	Shell den std e	±	Harvey, Ben P
10	Thickness	Thick	mm	Harvey, Ben P
11	Thickness, standard error	Thick std e	±	Harvey, Ben P
12	pH	pH		Harvey, Ben P		total scale
13	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P		total scale
14	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Harvey, Ben P
15	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
16	Salinity	Sal		Harvey, Ben P
17	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
18	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Harvey, Ben P
19	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Harvey, Ben P
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Harvey, Ben P
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
24	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Harvey, Ben P
25	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
26	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Harvey, Ben P
27	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
28	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Harvey, Ben P
29	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Harvey, Ben P
31	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
32	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Harvey, Ben P
33	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Harvey, Ben P
34	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
37	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
39	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
41	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
43	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
47	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
49	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1300 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Location	6 Position (Suture)	7 Shell den [HU]	8 n [#] (Count)	9 Shell den std e [±]	10 Thick [mm]	11 Thick std e [±]	12 pH (total scale)	13 pH std dev [±] (total scale)	14 Temp [°C]	15 Temp std dev [±]	16 Sal	17 Sal std dev [±]	18 AT [µmol/kg]	19 AT std dev [±]	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	21 pCO2 std dev [±]	22 DIC [µmol/kg]	23 DIC std dev [±]	24 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	25 [HCO3]- std dev [±]	26 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	27 [CO3]2- std dev [±]	28 CO2 [µmol/kg]	29 CO2 std dev [±]	30 Omega Cal	31 Omega Cal std dev [±]	32 Omega Arg	33 Omega Arg std dev [±]	34 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	46 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	47 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	48 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	49 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	50 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	1a	2374.732	10	85.362	2.690	0.124	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	1b	2328.661	10	102.925	3.355	0.285	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	2a	2524.514	10	106.798	4.155	0.554	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	2b	2437.634	10	88.464	4.024	0.518	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	3a	2450.516	10	88.061	4.489	0.487	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	3b	2377.336	10	90.299	3.703	0.353	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	4a	2352.537	10	84.824	3.365	0.195	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	4b	2430.429	10	63.859	3.729	0.237	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	5a	2405.930	10	72.231	3.756	0.301	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	5b	2405.647	10	72.034	3.839	0.221	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	6a	2394.054	5	93.898	3.952	0.208	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	6b	2414.877	5	93.840	3.594	0.215	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1a	465.918	10	311.767	0.446	0.297	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1b	412.176	10	280.852	0.359	0.240	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	2a	963.541	10	233.710	1.229	0.369	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	2b	1226.088	10	273.453	1.649	0.430	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3a	1604.026	10	72.584	1.794	0.245	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3b	1909.223	10	90.944	2.077	0.202	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	4a	1932.914	10	113.262	2.045	0.148	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	4b	2008.381	10	135.830	2.115	0.194	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	5a	2208.233	7	73.422	2.181	0.071	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	5b	2125.287	7	67.377	1.921	0.144	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	SC	2421.430	10	18.004	4.674	0.056	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	Control	Lip	2906.565	10	6.605	4.803	0.073	8.137	0.056	19.73	0.71	34.50	0.43	2265.4	15.4	309.21	46.44	1963.69	34.39	1741.53	55.11	212.07	22.23	10.09	1.54	5.09	0.53	3.30	0.35	8	10.01	0.30	305.83	6.37	306.87	6.39	1745.46	20.65	210.35	7.61	1965.83	16.90	3.28	0.19	5.05	0.30
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	SC	2470.330	10	11.411	3.279	0.058	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17
Field	Charonia lampas (mollusk)	141101	marinespecies.org	High CO2	Lip	2837.055	10	14.139	3.275	0.056	7.809	0.093	19.47	0.82	34.07	0.69	2269.5	20.3	768.55	225.24	2129.81	33.29	1991.81	44.37	112.75	17.90	25.25	7.07	2.71	0.43	1.76	0.28	8	24.60	0.74	744.11	15.57	746.66	15.62	1996.33	21.33	110.84	4.94	2131.76	20.67	1.73	0.11	2.67	0.17