<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!--*** Generated from internal PANGAEA metadata schema by dif.xslt ***--><DIF xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.4.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/">
<Entry_ID>PANGAEA_904718</Entry_ID>
<Entry_Title>Hyperspectral imagery-enhanced virtual outcrop models of two palaeoseismic trenches in northern Finnish Lapland</Entry_Title>
<Data_Set_Citation>
<Dataset_Creator>Kirsch, Moritz; Lorenz, Sandra; Zimmermann, Robert; Andreani, Louis; Tusa, Laura; Pospiech, Solveig; Jackisch, Robert; Khodadadzadeh, Mahdi; Ghamisi, Pedram; Unger, Gabriel; Hödl, Philip; Gloaguen, Richard; Middleton, Maarit; Sutinen, Raimo; Ojala, Antti E K; Mattila, Jussi; Nordbäck, Nicklas; Palmu, Jukka-Pekka; Tiljander, Mia; Ruskeeniemi, Timo</Dataset_Creator>
<Dataset_Title>Hyperspectral imagery-enhanced virtual outcrop models of two palaeoseismic trenches in northern Finnish Lapland</Dataset_Title>
<Dataset_Release_Date>2019-08-09</Dataset_Release_Date>
<Dataset_Publisher>PANGAEA</Dataset_Publisher>
<Data_Presentation_Form>Dataset</Data_Presentation_Form>
<Other_Citation_Details>Supplement to: Kirsch, Moritz; Lorenz, Sandra; Zimmermann, Robert; Andreani, Louis; Tusa, Laura; Pospiech, Solveig; Jackisch, Robert; Khodadadzadeh, Mahdi; Ghamisi, Pedram; Unger, Gabriel; Hödl, Philip; Gloaguen, Richard; Middleton, Maarit; Sutinen, Raimo; Ojala, Antti E K; Mattila, Jussi; Nordbäck, Nicklas; Palmu, Jukka-Pekka; Tiljander, Mia; Ruskeeniemi, Timo (2019): Hyperspectral outcrop models for palaeoseismic studies. Photogrammetric Record, 34(168), 385-407, https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12300</Other_Citation_Details>
<Online_Resource>https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.904718</Online_Resource>
</Data_Set_Citation>
<Personnel>
<Role>Investigator</Role>
<First_Name>Moritz</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Kirsch</Last_Name>
<Email>m.kirsch@hzdr.de</Email>
</Personnel>
<Discipline>
<Discipline_Name>Earth Science</Discipline_Name>
</Discipline>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>File content</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>File name</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>File format</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>File size</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<Parameters>
<Detailed_Variable>Uniform resource locator/link to file</Detailed_Variable>
</Parameters>
<ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
<Keyword>FinnishLapland</Keyword>
<Keyword>geology</Keyword>
<Keyword>hyperspectral imaging</Keyword>
<Keyword>Multiple investigations</Keyword>
<Keyword>palaeoseismology</Keyword>
<Keyword>Photogrammetry</Keyword>
<Keyword>remote sensing</Keyword>
<Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
<Spatial_Coverage>
<Southernmost_Latitude>67.225</Southernmost_Latitude>
<Northernmost_Latitude>67.225</Northernmost_Latitude>
<Westernmost_Longitude>26.148</Westernmost_Longitude>
<Easternmost_Longitude>26.148</Easternmost_Longitude>
</Spatial_Coverage>
<Access_Constraints>unrestricted</Access_Constraints>
<Use_Constraints>CC-BY-4.0: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</Use_Constraints>
<Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
<Originating_Center>Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf</Originating_Center>
<Data_Center>
<Data_Center_Name>
<Short_Name>PANGAEA</Short_Name>
<Long_Name>Data Publisher for Earth &amp; Environmental Science</Long_Name>
</Data_Center_Name>
<Data_Center_URL>https://www.pangaea.de/</Data_Center_URL>
<Personnel>
<Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
<First_Name>Michael</First_Name>
<Last_Name>Diepenbroek</Last_Name>
<Email>info@pangaea.de</Email>
<Contact_Address>
<Address>Leobener Str.</Address>
<City>Bremen</City>
<Province_or_State>Bremen</Province_or_State>
<Postal_Code>28359</Postal_Code>
<Country>Germany</Country>
</Contact_Address>
</Personnel>
</Data_Center>
<Distribution>
<Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
<Distribution_Size>70 data points</Distribution_Size>
<Distribution_Format>text/tab-separated-values</Distribution_Format>
</Distribution>
<Summary>The traditional study of palaeoseismic trenches involving logging, stratigraphic and structural interpretation can be time-consuming and affected by biases and inaccuracies. To overcome these limitations, we present a new workflow that integrates infrared hyperspectral and photogrammetric data to support field-based palaeoseismic observations. As a case study, this method is applied on two palaeoseismic trenches excavated across a post-glacial fault scarp in northern Finnish Lapland. The hyperspectral imagery (HSI) is geometrically and radiometrically corrected, processed using established image processing algorithms and machine learning approaches, and co-registered to a Structure-from-Motion point cloud. HSI-enhanced virtual outcrop models are a useful complement to palaeoseismic field studies as they not only provide an intuitive visualisation of the outcrop and a versatile data archive, but also enable an unbiased assessment of the mineralogical composition of lithologic units and a semi-automatic delineation of contacts and deformational structures in a 3D virtual environment.

Uploaded data:
14 individual 3D point clouds (ascii format) from two palaeoseismic trenches, including two structure-from-motion photogrammetric RGB point clouds and 12 hyperspectral-enhanced point clouds.
Data headers contain point coordinates in m (ETRS89/UTM35N), RGB color (0–255), and point normals (only for SfM RGB point clouds) in the following order: X, Y, Z, Red, Green, Blue, Nx, Ny, Nz. ** For all details see the full metadata description at "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.904718"!</Summary>
<Related_URL>
<URL>https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12300</URL>
<Description>Hyperspectral outcrop models for palaeoseismic studies</Description>
</Related_URL>
<Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
<Metadata_Version>9.4</Metadata_Version>
<DIF_Creation_Date>2019-08-09</DIF_Creation_Date>
<Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-04-30</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
