Citation:

meps12421

Name: Community-level sensitivity of a calcifying ecosystem to acute in situ CO2 enrichment
Published: 2018
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Entire community; Estuary; Field experiment; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

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Abstract:

The rate of change in ocean carbonate chemistry is a vital determinant in the magnitude of effects observed. Benthic marine ecosystems are facing an increasing risk of acute CO2 exposure that may be natural or anthropogenically derived (e.g. engineering and industrial activities). However, our understanding of how acute CO2 events impact marine life is restricted to individual organisms, with little understanding for how this manifests at the community level. Here, we investigated in situ the effect of acute CO2 enrichment on the coralline algal ecosystem—a globally ubiquitous, ecologically and economically important habitat, but one which is likely to be sensitive to CO2 enrichment due to its highly calcified reef-like structures engineered by coralline algae. Most notably, we observed a rapid community-level shift to favour net dissolution rather than net calcification. Smaller changes from net respiration to net photosynthesis were also observed. There was no effect on the net flux of DMS/DMSP (algal secondary metabolites), nor on the nutrients nitrate and phosphate. Following return to ambient CO2 levels, only a partial recovery was seen within the monitoring timeframe. This study highlights the sensitivity of biogenic carbonate marine communities to acute CO2 enrichment and raises concerns over the capacity for the system to 'bounce back' if subjected to repeated acute high-CO2 events.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Entire community; Estuary; Field experiment; North Atlantic; Other metabolic rates; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 56.000000 * Longitude: -5.600000

Event(s):

Loch_Sween * Latitude: 56.000000 * Longitude: -5.600000 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2019-06-10.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Burdett, H L		study
2	Treatment	Treat		Burdett, H L
3	Time point, descriptive	Time point		Burdett, H L
4	Oxygen, flux	O2 flux	mmol/m²/h	Burdett, H L
5	Nitrate, flux	[NO3]- flux	mg/m²/h	Burdett, H L
6	Phosphate, flux	[PO4]3- flux	mg/m²/h	Burdett, H L
7	Dimethyl sulfide + Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, flux	DMS+DMSP flux	µmol/m²/h	Burdett, H L
8	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mmol/m²/h	Burdett, H L
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Burdett, H L
10	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Burdett, H L
11	Salinity	Sal		Burdett, H L
12	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Burdett, H L
13	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Burdett, H L
14	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Burdett, H L
15	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Burdett, H L
16	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Burdett, H L
17	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Burdett, H L
18	pH	pH		Burdett, H L		NBS scale
19	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Burdett, H L		NBS scale
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Burdett, H L
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Burdett, H L
22	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Burdett, H L
23	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Burdett, H L
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Burdett, H L
25	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Burdett, H L
26	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Burdett, H L
27	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Burdett, H L
28	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
30	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)	total scale
31	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
33	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
35	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
37	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
39	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
41	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
43	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1226 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Treat	3 Time point	4 O2 flux [mmol/m²/h]	5 [NO3]- flux [mg/m²/h]	6 [PO4]3- flux [mg/m²/h]	7 DMS+DMSP flux [µmol/m²/h]	8 Calc rate CaCO3 [mmol/m²/h]	9 Temp [°C]	10 Temp std dev [±]	11 Sal	12 Sal std dev [±]	13 E [µmol/m²/s]	14 AT [µmol/kg]	15 AT std dev [±]	16 DIC [µmol/kg]	17 DIC std dev [±]	18 pH (NBS scale)	19 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale)	20 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	21 pCO2 std dev [±]	22 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	23 [HCO3]- std dev [±]	24 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	25 [CO3]2- std dev [±]	26 Omega Arg	27 Omega Arg std dev [±]	28 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	30 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Calculated using...)	31 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	38 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	39 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	40 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	42 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
field	Ambient	Day	-0.000916	-5.811965812	0.430925222	-16.635777190	0.0000178	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	0.000440	-31.965811970	0.000000000	-39.985924730	0.0000456	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	-0.000974	-17.435897440	1.077313054	-22.613887240	0.0001034	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	0.000283	20.341880340	0.000000000	-18.564055250	0.0000832	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	0.001131	32.189349110	0.348054987	-17.681469560		15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.001363	53.648915190	0.049722141	0.534960042	0.0000016	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	0.000507	-31.574230770	0.424192015	-60.417738440	0.0000590	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	0.000483			-52.156937430	0.0000946	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.003555	-12.411868130	-0.682585551	-41.210650170	0.0000914	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.003636	-44.792820510	-0.225497012	-66.727638370	0.0001091	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	-0.001288	55.213675210	0.323193916	35.695651220	0.0000253	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	-0.000314	-37.777777780	-0.053865653	-53.187141820	-0.0000043	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	0.000404	-23.413919410	0.138511678	-15.245574390	0.0000380	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.000269	9.963369963	0.138511678	-11.137228460	0.0000267	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Recovery	Day	0.000660	40.683760680	-0.161596958	-10.786014160	0.0000074	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Recovery	Day	0.000691	2.905982906	0.215462611	-24.524460490	0.0000268	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Recovery	Day	0.000126	-34.871794870	0.269328264	8.090858518	-0.0000308	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Recovery	Day	-0.000503	0.000000000	0.000000000	-18.146130340	0.0000910	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Recovery	Night	0.001247	2.682445759	0.348054987	-16.768958530	0.0000125	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Recovery	Night	-0.002263	34.871794870	-0.397777128	-6.691192483		15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2210.8	68.20	2066.2	23.2	8.0	0.20	646.7	320.60	1927.6	49.20	113.5	45.50	1.7	0.70	15	7.91	0.18	21.07	9.15	561.21	243.86	563.24	244.74	1933.20	46.98	111.93	43.65	1.73	0.68	2.70	1.06
field	Ambient	Day	-0.002545	-63.931623930	-0.592522180	12.208455170	0.0000335	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Day	0.000672			-33.245920540	0.0000996	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.003070	-39.811135530	-0.364008691	-27.041587720	0.0000115	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	Ambient	Night	-0.002208	-44.792820510	-0.410179250	11.108171630	0.0000857	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2190.7	87.20	2084.8	12.8	7.9	0.20	821.6	343.40	1961.1	27.50	92.0	45.90	1.4	0.70	15	7.80	0.25	27.25	16.10	725.83	429.13	728.45	430.68	1967.87	37.54	89.68	49.74	1.39	0.77	2.17	1.21
field	High CO2	Day	0.004525	2.905982906	0.215462611	15.384058540	0.0000130	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2202.0	123.28	2168.9	31.2	7.7	0.39	1747.7	1403.33	2033.5	20.35	67.8	50.77	1.0	0.78	15	7.57	0.43	48.73	48.40	1298.14	1289.60	1302.84	1294.27	2064.96	31.82	55.21	54.13	0.85	0.84	1.33	1.31
field	High CO2	Day	0.000059	-7.599871795	0.222195817	-49.431697330	-0.0000180	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2202.0	123.28	2168.9	31.2	7.7	0.39	1747.7	1403.33	2033.5	20.35	67.8	50.77	1.0	0.78	15	7.57	0.43	48.73	48.40	1298.14	1289.60	1302.84	1294.27	2064.96	31.82	55.21	54.13	0.85	0.84	1.33	1.31
field	High CO2	Night	0.001697	24.908424910	-0.277023357	-20.406355430	-0.0000095	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2202.0	123.28	2168.9	31.2	7.7	0.39	1747.7	1403.33	2033.5	20.35	67.8	50.77	1.0	0.78	15	7.57	0.43	48.73	48.40	1298.14	1289.60	1302.84	1294.27	2064.96	31.82	55.21	54.13	0.85	0.84	1.33	1.31
field	High CO2	Night	0.000628	-22.417582420	-0.092341119	0.622448860	-0.0000332	15.3	0.32	33	0.38	158	2202.0	123.28	2168.9	31.2	7.7	0.39	1747.7	1403.33	2033.5	20.35	67.8	50.77	1.0	0.78	15	7.57	0.43	48.73	48.40	1298.14	1289.60	1302.84	1294.27	2064.96	31.82	55.21	54.13	0.85	0.84	1.33	1.31