Citation:

j.gca.2019.05.039

Name: Bacterial GMGTs in East African lake sediments: Their potential as palaeotemperature indicators
Published: 2019-05-03
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: GDGTs; GMGT; H-GDGT; lakes; membrane lipids; palaeotemperature; sediments; tetraethers

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Abstract:

Glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers (GMGTs) are a group of membrane spanning lipids produced by some species of archaea and bacteria. They differ from the more commonly studied glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in having an additional covalent carbon-carbon bond connecting the two alkyl chain. The relative abundance and distribution of bacterial branched GMGTs (brGMGTs) in surface sediments from a set of East African lakes were studied. The abundance of brGMGTs relative to the brGDGTs is positively correlated to measured mean annual air temperature (MAAT), although with a significant amount of scatter. BrGMGT abundance was not correlated to lake water pH. Seven major brGMGTs that vary in degree of methylation were identified, with m/z 1020, 1034 and 1048. Further, the mass chromatograms of the m/z 1020 and 1034 brGMGTs show an interesting distribution of peaks, which likely relates to the occurrence of distinct brGMGT isomers. This structural complexity is higher than previously observed in peats and marine sediments. Principal component analysis of the fractional abundance of bacterial tetraether lipids revealed the brGMGTs behave similarly to one another but differently from both the 5- or 6-methyl brGDGTs. This suggests the brGMGTs are produced by a common source organism and are methylated at a different position. The distribution of the seven brGMGTs showed considerable correlation with MAAT. This variability was captured in a new proxy index (the brGMGTI), which showed a strong positive linear relationship with MAAT. Lacustrine brGMGTs show potential to be applied to ancient settings to provide information about paleoclimate.

Keyword(s):

GDGTs; GMGT; H-GDGT; lakes; membrane lipids; palaeotemperature; sediments; tetraethers

Project(s):

NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University (NIOZ_UU)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 1.006029 * Median Longitude: 33.529232 * South-bound Latitude: -4.872000 * West-bound Longitude: 29.617000 * North-bound Latitude: 6.893000 * East-bound Longitude: 39.908000

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0.2 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 180.0 m

Event(s):

Albert_Lake * Latitude: 1.683000 * Longitude: 30.917000 * Elevation: 615.0 m * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Bandara_Lake * Latitude: -0.157000 * Longitude: 37.449000 * Elevation: 2938.0 m * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Batoda_Lake * Latitude: 0.300000 * Longitude: 29.883000 * Elevation: 4017.0 m * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Baxter, Allix J
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Baxter, Allix J
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Baxter, Allix J
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Baxter, Allix J
5	Lake	Lake		Baxter, Allix J
6	Country	Country		Baxter, Allix J
7	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Baxter, Allix J	Geocode
8	Lake surface area	Lake area	m²	Baxter, Allix J
9	Temperature, air, annual mean	MAAT	°C	Baxter, Allix J
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Baxter, Allix J	surface water
11	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Baxter, Allix J	bottom water
12	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Baxter, Allix J	mean
13	pH	pH		Baxter, Allix J	surface water
14	pH	pH		Baxter, Allix J	bottom water
15	pH	pH		Baxter, Allix J	mean
16	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa (peak area)	brGDGT IIIa peak area		Baxter, Allix J
17	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa' (peak area)	brGDGT IIIa' peak area		Baxter, Allix J
18	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa (peak area)	brGDGT IIa peak area		Baxter, Allix J
19	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa' (peak area)	brGDGT IIa' peak area		Baxter, Allix J
20	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb (peak area)	brGDGT IIb peak area		Baxter, Allix J
21	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb' (peak area)	brGDGT IIb' peak area		Baxter, Allix J
22	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia (peak area)	brGDGT Ia peak area		Baxter, Allix J
23	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib (peak area)	brGDGT Ib peak area		Baxter, Allix J
24	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic (peak area)	brGDGT Ic peak area		Baxter, Allix J
25	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1048 (peak area)	brGMGT H1048 peak area		Baxter, Allix J
26	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034a (peak area)	brGMGT H1034a peak area		Baxter, Allix J
27	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034b (peak area)	brGMGT H1034b peak area		Baxter, Allix J
28	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034c (peak area)	brGMGT H1034c peak area		Baxter, Allix J
29	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020a (peak area)	brGMGT H1020a peak area		Baxter, Allix J
30	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020b (peak area)	brGMGT H1020b peak area		Baxter, Allix J
31	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020c (peak area)	brGMGT H1020c peak area		Baxter, Allix J
32	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa	brGDGT IIIa	%	Baxter, Allix J
33	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa'	brGDGT IIIa'	%	Baxter, Allix J
34	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa	brGDGT IIa	%	Baxter, Allix J
35	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa'	brGDGT IIa'	%	Baxter, Allix J
36	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb	brGDGT IIb	%	Baxter, Allix J
37	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb'	brGDGT IIb'	%	Baxter, Allix J
38	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia	brGDGT Ia	%	Baxter, Allix J
39	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib	brGDGT Ib	%	Baxter, Allix J
40	Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic	brGDGT Ic	%	Baxter, Allix J
41	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1048	brGMGT H1048	%	Baxter, Allix J
42	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034a	brGMGT H1034a	%	Baxter, Allix J
43	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034b	brGMGT H1034b	%	Baxter, Allix J
44	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1034c	brGMGT H1034c	%	Baxter, Allix J
45	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020a	brGMGT H1020a	%	Baxter, Allix J
46	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020b	brGMGT H1020b	%	Baxter, Allix J
47	Branched glycerol monoalkyl glycerol tetraethers, H1020c	brGMGT H1020c	%	Baxter, Allix J
48	Sum	Sum	%	Baxter, Allix J	brGDGT + brGMGT

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

2991 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Elevation [m]	5 Lake	6 Country	7 Depth water [m]	8 Lake area [m²]	9 MAAT [°C]	10 Temp [°C] (surface water)	11 Temp [°C] (bottom water)	12 Temp [°C] (mean)	13 pH (surface water)	14 pH (bottom water)	15 pH (mean)	16 brGDGT IIIa peak area	17 brGDGT IIIa' peak area	18 brGDGT IIa peak area	19 brGDGT IIa' peak area	20 brGDGT IIb peak area	21 brGDGT IIb' peak area	22 brGDGT Ia peak area	23 brGDGT Ib peak area	24 brGDGT Ic peak area	25 brGMGT H1048 peak area	26 brGMGT H1034a peak area	27 brGMGT H1034b peak area	28 brGMGT H1034c peak area	29 brGMGT H1020a peak area	30 brGMGT H1020b peak area	31 brGMGT H1020c peak area	32 brGDGT IIIa [%]	33 brGDGT IIIa' [%]	34 brGDGT IIa [%]	35 brGDGT IIa' [%]	36 brGDGT IIb [%]	37 brGDGT IIb' [%]	38 brGDGT Ia [%]	39 brGDGT Ib [%]	40 brGDGT Ic [%]	41 brGMGT H1048 [%]	42 brGMGT H1034a [%]	43 brGMGT H1034b [%]	44 brGMGT H1034c [%]	45 brGMGT H1020a [%]	46 brGMGT H1020b [%]	47 brGMGT H1020c [%]	48 Sum [%] (brGDGT + brGMGT)
Central_Lake	6.8540	39.8810	4121	Central	ETH	0.6		4.2	9.550	9.550	9.6	8.0	8.0	8.00	425000	443000	395000	396000	113000	15800	188000	46000	7490	9910	0	8450	2620	11800	18700	2620	20.4	21.3	18.9	19.0	5.4	0.8	9.0	2.2	0.4	0.5	0.0	0.4	0.1	0.6	0.9	0.1	2.6
Crane_Lake	6.8550	39.8930	4047	Crane	ETH	0.3		4.6	10.665	10.665	10.7	9.4	9.4	9.40	857000	243000	958000	239000	499000	36100	431000	283000	81500	49900	0	26700	0	28400	57800	7480	22.6	6.4	25.2	6.3	13.1	0.9	11.3	7.5	2.1	1.3	0.0	0.7	0.0	0.7	1.5	0.2	4.5
Dimtu_Lake	6.8300	39.8590	4092	Dimtu	ETH	0.2		4.3	8.210	8.210	8.2	8.8	8.8	8.80	533000	495000	426000	467000	44900	16700	211000	29800	4490	8250	0	4160	1970	8930	11900	1210	23.5	21.9	18.8	20.6	2.0	0.7	9.3	1.3	0.2	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.1	1.6
Garba_Gurach_Lake	6.8800	39.8710	3917	Garba Gurach	ETH	5.6	120000	5.4	12.110	12.110	12.1	7.6	7.6	7.60	257000	284000	172000	178000	68900	41900	109000	23000	5110	9980	1540	7700	7150	11600	14400	3010	21.5	23.8	14.5	14.9	5.8	3.5	9.1	1.9	0.4	0.8	0.1	0.6	0.6	1.0	1.2	0.3	4.6
Hara_Laki_Lake	6.8360	39.8460	4099	Hara Laki	ETH	0.4		4.3	9.035	9.035	9.0	8.7	8.7	8.70	775000	384000	998000	540000	162000	24600	588000	102000	19400	26900	0	12500	0	29000	63800	6480	20.8	10.3	26.8	14.5	4.3	0.7	15.8	2.7	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.8	1.7	0.2	3.7
Hara_Lucas_Lake	6.8580	39.8840	4101	Hara Lucas (L4)	ETH	0.3		4.3	4.905	4.905	4.9	7.2	7.2	7.20	584000	192000	559000	159000	277000	20100	233000	94500	30600	46500	0	31200	0	37300	54000	7020	25.1	8.3	24.0	6.9	11.9	0.9	10.0	4.1	1.3	2.0	0.0	1.3	0.0	1.6	2.3	0.3	7.6
Haro_Lakota_Lake	6.8830	39.8910	4031	Haro Lakota 1	ETH	0.4		4.7	11.485	11.485	11.5	7.1	7.1	7.10	257000	262000	312000	300000	44300	9670	212000	32300	12200	6680	0	4430	4810	12600	18000	0	17.3	17.6	21.0	20.2	3.0	0.6	14.2	2.2	0.8	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.8	1.2	0.0	3.1
Haro_Lakota_Lake	6.8830	39.8910	4031	Haro Lakota 2	ETH	0.6		4.7	11.875	11.875	11.9	7.3	7.3	7.30	1100000	279000	1180000	286000	405000	26500	525000	189000	47300	67400	0	50200	0	58900	113000	14900	25.3	6.4	27.3	6.6	9.3	0.6	12.1	4.3	1.1	1.6	0.0	1.2	0.0	1.4	2.6	0.3	7.0
Koromi_Lake	6.8930	39.9080	3948	Koromi	ETH	0.5		5.2	9.815	9.815	9.8	7.8	7.8	7.80	762000	210000	827000	204000	343000	27100	378000	168000	51700	26800	0	26400	0	29800	53100	8720	24.5	6.7	26.6	6.5	11.0	0.9	12.1	5.4	1.7	0.9	0.0	0.8	0.0	1.0	1.7	0.3	4.6
Kuware_Lake	6.8400	39.8690	4141	Kuware	ETH	0.5		4.0	9.265	9.265	9.3	8.0	8.0	8.00	77600	450000	44500	192000	34400	34700	70000	20100	3510	3660	0	4100	0	14800	28200	0	7.9	46.1	4.5	19.6	3.5	3.6	7.2	2.1	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.4	0.0	1.5	2.9	0.0	5.2
Togona_Lake	6.8850	39.8950	3998	Togona	ETH	0.5		4.9	9.950	9.950	10.0	7.3	7.3	7.30	883000	220000	886000	215000	282000	22200	399000	104000	19000	33100	0	27400	0	51100	85100	12600	27.3	6.8	27.4	6.6	8.7	0.7	12.3	3.2	0.6	1.0	0.0	0.8	0.0	1.6	2.6	0.4	6.5
Bandara_Lake	-0.1570	37.4490	2938	Bandara	KN	0.3	5420	12.8	17.200	17.200	17.2	8.1	8.1	8.10	530000	103000	1670000	551000	115000	38300	1880000	241000	64300	112000	0	102000	0	23300	61300	39300	9.6	1.9	30.1	10.0	2.1	0.7	34.0	4.4	1.2	2.0	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.4	1.1	0.7	6.1
Enchanted_Lake__Lake	-0.1720	37.3360	4237	Enchanted Lake	KN	33.3	48700	6.3	8.200	7.900	8.1	7.6	6.6	7.10	352000	74300	233000	63300	77500	4390	109000	26600	9560	7760	0	3990	0	6690	9860	1100	35.9	7.6	23.8	6.5	7.9	0.4	11.2	2.7	1.0	0.8	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.7	1.0	0.1	3.0
Gallery_Tarn_Lake	-0.1640	37.3250	4466	Gallery Tarn	KN	10.4	17100	5.1	7.100	6.500	6.8	7.6	6.4	7.00	124000	35100	122000	73000	13800	11900	69300	14400	1430	2450	0	963	436	1660	6200	0	26.1	7.4	25.6	15.3	2.9	2.5	14.5	3.0	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.3	1.3	0.0	2.5
Hanging_Tarn_Lake	-0.1560	37.3330	4443	Hanging Tarn	KN	7.5	7170	5.2	8.600	8.500	8.6	7.9	8.0	7.95	1030000	86900	819000	171000	213000	6430	461000	79000	22600	26700	0	19400	0	28500	70000	8520	33.8	2.9	27.0	5.6	7.0	0.2	15.2	2.6	0.7	0.9	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.9	2.3	0.3	5.0
Harris_Tarn_Lake	-0.1510	37.3190	4752	Harris Tarn	KN	7.1	2090	3.7	5.500	4.800	5.2	7.9	8.2	8.05	2160000	570000	1790000	371000	10200	20900	629000	18000	2040	0	0	0	0	6820	70300	0	38.3	10.1	31.7	6.6	0.2	0.4	11.1	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.2	0.0	1.4
Hausburg_Tarn_Lake	-0.1450	37.3010	4371	Hausburg Tarn	KN	10.7	17000	5.6	7.900	6.500	7.2	8.4	7.0	7.70	149000	20900	162000	15200	44400	1650	72100	15700	9890	4420	0	4360	0	1670	3720	1640	29.4	4.1	32.0	3.0	8.8	0.3	14.2	3.1	2.0	0.9	0.0	0.9	0.0	0.3	0.7	0.3	3.1
Hut_Tarn_Lake	-0.1570	37.2990	4504	Hut Tarn	KN	7.9	20000	4.9	5.700	5.000	5.4	7.6	6.5	7.05	217000	40400	229000	57500	41400	1650	121000	12500	3910	3180	0	1760	636	4570	12800	0	29.0	5.4	30.6	7.7	5.5	0.2	16.2	1.7	0.5	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.6	1.7	0.0	3.1
Lake_Ellis	-0.1240	37.4010	3474	Lake Ellis	KN	15.5	108000	10.1	12.600	11.500	12.1				261000	61700	424000	133000	222000	57700	402000	151000	41100	42400	2780	51500	20900	53200	105000	22300	12.7	3.0	20.6	6.5	10.8	2.8	19.6	7.4	2.0	2.1	0.1	2.5	1.0	2.6	5.1	1.1	14.5
Large_Hall_Tarn_Lake	-0.1430	37.3460	4297	Large Hall Tarn	KN	8.2	9340	6.0	8.700	7.900	8.3	6.9	7.2	7.05	270000	64600	341000	132000	34900	2350	267000	28900	8660	6690	0	4060	0	5690	14800	0	22.9	5.5	28.9	11.2	3.0	0.2	22.6	2.4	0.7	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.5	1.2	0.0	2.6
Lower_Kachope_Lake	-0.1620	37.3110	4591	Lower Kachope	KN	16.3	16300	4.5	4.500	4.200	4.4	6.7	6.0	6.35	681000	151000	606000	109000	68500	3590	323000	53900	6820	16400	0	8070	0	6040	15000	2460	33.2	7.4	29.6	5.3	3.3	0.2	15.7	2.6	0.3	0.8	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.7	0.1	2.3
Lower_Simba_Lake	-0.1450	37.3190	4404	Lower Simba	KN	3.0	844	5.4	6.400	6.400	6.4	8.9	6.4	7.65	49200	13700	58600	7480	19000	777	27500	3440	769	2880	0	1900	0	1870	3650	484	25.7	7.1	30.6	3.9	9.9	0.4	14.4	1.8	0.4	1.5	0.0	1.0	0.0	1.0	1.9	0.3	5.6
Nanyuki_Tarn_Lake	-0.1550	37.2970	4493	Nanyuki Tarn	KN	5.3	7690	5.0	7.300	6.300	6.8	7.2	6.2	6.70	210000	49500	243000	36000	108000	7470	119000	46100	24800	8860	0	15700	0	7330	13000	4160	23.5	5.5	27.2	4.0	12.1	0.8	13.4	5.2	2.8	1.0	0.0	1.8	0.0	0.8	1.5	0.5	5.5
Oblong_Tarn_Lake	-0.1440	37.3010	4376	Oblong Tarn	KN	3.4	11300	5.6	8.400	8.000	8.2	7.1	6.4	6.75	53700	8110	53300	4740	10000	654	23100	3300	1380	1180	0	1890	0	718	1740	521	32.7	4.9	32.4	2.9	6.1	0.4	14.1	2.0	0.8	0.7	0.0	1.1	0.0	0.4	1.1	0.3	3.7
Rutundu_Lake	-0.0420	37.4640	3081	Rutundu	KN	10.8	80100	12.0	14.700	13.700	14.2	7.6	7.6	7.60	37900	4680	69500	15900	30100	2360	71000	25600	10700	3530	4080	0	0	3780	12800	1540	12.9	1.6	23.7	5.4	10.2	0.8	24.2	8.7	3.6	1.2	1.4	0.0	0.0	1.3	4.4	0.5	8.8
Small_Hall_Tarn_Lake	-0.1440	37.3450	4292	Small Hall Tarn	KN	2.8	3580	6.0	9.300	9.300	9.3	7.3	7.3	7.30	1170000	257000	997000	448000	79900	22800	736000	59200	16200	20400	0	7340	0	13000	27800	5320	30.2	6.7	25.9	11.6	2.1	0.6	19.1	1.5	0.4	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.3	0.7	0.1	1.9
Square_Tarn_Lake	-0.1540	37.3230	4661	Square Tarn	KN	3.0	475	4.1	6.200	5.400	5.8	6.3	4.9	5.60	424000	291000	528000	279000	7400	5580	314000	6100	1990	0	0	0	0	2260	6430	0	22.7	15.6	28.3	14.9	0.4	0.3	16.9	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.0	0.5
Teleki_Tarn_Lake	-0.1690	37.3060	4293	Teleki Tarn	KN	7.9	41900	6.0	4.300	4.000	4.2				27400	11200	35700	7910	33200	1040	27000	9790	2610	3320	0	6840	0	3400	5110	1980	15.5	6.3	20.2	4.5	18.8	0.6	15.3	5.5	1.5	1.9	0.0	3.9	0.0	1.9	2.9	1.1	11.7
Thompson_Lake_Lake	-0.1680	37.3200	4323	Thompson Lake	KN	4.8	5890	5.8	4.900	4.600	4.8	7.6	6.8	7.20	69300	19400	42500	12600	10000	797	24200	3710	1190	1660	0	2030	509	1750	2890	525	35.9	10.0	22.0	6.5	5.2	0.4	12.5	1.9	0.6	0.9	0.0	1.1	0.3	0.9	1.5	0.3	4.8
Veggi_Tarn_Lake	-0.1440	37.3440	4296	Veggi Tarn	KN	1.5	4270	6.0	9.700	9.700	9.7	7.2	7.3	7.25	930000	141000	481000	209000	44500	6150	243000	28600	7230	22100	0	10600	0	13800	34900	2600	42.8	6.5	22.1	9.6	2.0	0.3	11.2	1.3	0.3	1.0	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.6	1.6	0.1	3.9
Tanganyika_Lake	-4.8720	29.6170	773	Tanganyika (Kigoma)	TZ	110.0	32600000000	23.8	25.700	24.500	25.1	9.1	8.8	8.95	96800	516000	233000	1320000	141000	255000	1530000	414000	168000	15800	10900	37000	27200	22800	14800	74200	2.0	10.6	4.8	27.1	2.9	5.2	31.3	8.5	3.4	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.3	1.5	4.2
Albert_Lake	1.6830	30.9170	615	Albert	UG	58.0	5660000000	26.8	27.900	27.900	27.9	9.0	9.0	9.00	17700	214000	81200	801000	19200	67300	666000	104000	25600	6970	4780	19200	11600	18800	16400	92300	0.8	9.9	3.7	37.0	0.9	3.1	30.7	4.8	1.2	0.3	0.2	0.9	0.5	0.9	0.8	4.3	7.9
Batoda_Lake	0.3000	29.8830	4017	Batoda	UG	14.5	95300	4.2	7.800	6.600	7.2	5.4	5.3	5.35	1520000	330000	1120000	483000	43400	3610	668000	21900	2180	18200	0	9760	4640	6920	16200	2270	35.8	7.8	26.3	11.4	1.0	0.1	15.7	0.5	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.1	1.4
Bigata_Lake	0.3070	29.8830	3983	Bigata	UG	18.0	14400	4.2	9.000	5.400	7.2	5.7	5.9	5.80	1540000	97200	1530000	130000	38400	2130	791000	14800	4890	20500	0	14600	6210	6840	22100	6550	36.4	2.3	36.2	3.1	0.9	0.1	18.7	0.4	0.1	0.5	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.5	0.2	1.8
Bugwagi_Lake	-0.2000	30.1830	1061	Bugwagi	UG	85.0	602000	24.0	26.500	24.700	25.6	8.8	7.2	8.00	242000	275000	1070000	1100000	581000	366000	2780000	1240000	169000	82700	113000	173000	208000	252000	97000	369000	2.7	3.0	11.8	12.0	6.4	4.0	30.5	13.6	1.9	0.9	1.2	1.9	2.3	2.8	1.1	4.0	14.2
Bukurungu_East_Lake	0.4000	29.9000	3801	Bukurungu East	UG	17.3	30200	5.4	9.700	6.700	8.2	3.8	4.3	4.05	492000	19200	607000	36200	21800	601	348000	7720	4280	7930	0	7600	0	3680	10600	3070	31.4	1.2	38.7	2.3	1.4	0.0	22.1	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.0	0.2	0.7	0.2	2.1
Chibwera_Lake	-0.1500	30.1500	975	Chibwera	UG	11.7	764000	24.6	26.900	25.400	26.2	8.5	8.3	8.40	34100	36300	138000	167000	69200	64200	514000	160000	34500	10700	22100	31800	36500	34500	13900	100000	2.3	2.5	9.4	11.4	4.7	4.4	35.0	10.9	2.4	0.7	1.5	2.2	2.5	2.4	0.9	6.9	17.1
Edward_Lake	-0.2460	29.7500	910	Edward	UG	29.0	2330000000	25.1	26.800	25.800	26.3	8.9	8.1	8.50	673000	655000	1630000	1610000	964000	311000	2730000	1130000	241000	30400	4350	141000	0	68500	28700	177000	6.5	6.3	15.7	15.5	9.3	3.0	26.3	10.8	2.3	0.3	0.0	1.4	0.0	0.7	0.3	1.7	4.3
Ibamba_Lake	-0.2000	30.2000	1077	Ibamba	UG	1.2		23.8	25.700	21.900	23.8	6.9	6.3	6.60	56200	15400	313000	138000	25300	10500	949000	101000	24100	20700	7930	35700	12500	13400	24100	48100	3.1	0.9	17.5	7.7	1.4	0.6	52.9	5.6	1.3	1.2	0.4	2.0	0.7	0.7	1.3	2.7	9.1
Kacuba_Lake	-0.3330	30.0170	1097	Kacuba	UG	14.5	506000	23.5	26.800	26.800	26.8	8.1	8.1	8.10	32600	46200	114000	148000	50400	33700	336000	92200	26100	12200	15100	25700	18900	20900	9960	58600	3.1	4.4	11.0	14.2	4.8	3.2	32.3	8.9	2.5	1.2	1.5	2.5	1.8	2.0	1.0	5.6	15.5
Kako_Lake	-0.3000	30.1000	1499	Kako	UG	29.0	171000	21.2	25.000	23.400	24.2	8.2	6.7	7.45	28300	42600	118000	194000	35700	49700	413000	104000	17700	12800	19000	17500	31100	17100	18200	51700	2.4	3.6	10.1	16.5	3.0	4.2	35.3	8.9	1.5	1.1	1.6	1.5	2.7	1.5	1.6	4.4	14.3
Kamweru_Lake	-0.2500	30.1170	1250	Kamweru	UG	44.0	203000	22.5	25.000	23.300	24.2	8.7	6.6	7.65	38800	73300	205000	249000	30000	39600	598000	100000	10200	29000	29500	41100	27700	24300	40000	54900	2.4	4.6	12.9	15.7	1.9	2.5	37.6	6.3	0.6	1.8	1.9	2.6	1.7	1.5	2.5	3.4	15.5
Kanyabutetere_Lake	0.4170	30.2830	1188	Kanyabutetere	UG	5.0		22.8	25.600	24.400	25.0	8.6	7.8	8.20	95200	131000	410000	491000	78100	135000	1060000	290000	61300	44600	53100	97800	85800	89200	76400	206000	2.8	3.9	12.0	14.4	2.3	4.0	31.1	8.5	1.8	1.3	1.6	2.9	2.5	2.6	2.2	6.0	19.2
Kanyanchu_Lake	0.4330	30.3170	1226	Kanyanchu	UG	4.8	7200	22.5	26.200	23.700	25.0	8.2	7.9	8.05	54100	152000	174000	403000	74000	109000	597000	151000	31500	23100	26100	66300	56500	52800	23600	129000	2.5	7.2	8.2	19.0	3.5	5.2	28.1	7.1	1.5	1.1	1.2	3.1	2.7	2.5	1.1	6.1	17.8
Kasirya_Lake	-0.2500	30.1330	1235	Kasirya	UG	43.0	87200	22.3	26.300	23.200	24.8	8.7	6.6	7.65	34700	76200	175000	276000	53600	66000	585000	155000	22300	20700	45700	47200	45400	53600	49800	132000	1.9	4.1	9.5	15.0	2.9	3.6	31.8	8.4	1.2	1.1	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.9	2.7	7.2	21.5
Katanda_Lake	0.4830	30.2670	1340	Katanda	UG	146.0	367000	21.6	24.000	22.600	23.3	8.5	7.0	7.75	148000	418000	548000	1340000	336000	686000	1880000	837000	142000	34800	57000	54400	78700	76400	47200	127000	2.2	6.1	8.0	19.7	4.9	10.1	27.6	12.3	2.1	0.5	0.8	0.8	1.2	1.1	0.7	1.9	7.0
Katunda_Lake	0.2800	29.8950	3782	Katunda	UG	10.5	37700	5.5	8.100	7.500	7.8	5.3	5.2	5.25	1460000	308000	1260000	175000	71900	3300	736000	42800	9230	31700	0	11700	0	8120	24700	0	35.3	7.4	30.4	4.2	1.7	0.1	17.8	1.0	0.2	0.8	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.2	0.6	0.0	1.8
Kifuruka_Lake	0.4830	30.2830	1402	Kifuruka	UG	4.2	130000	21.1	23.400	21.900	22.7	7.8	7.4	7.60	72600	164000	215000	377000	64000	122000	557000	141000	18400	9910	9390	25100	14800	37000	38600	36100	3.8	8.7	11.3	19.8	3.4	6.4	29.3	7.4	1.0	0.5	0.5	1.3	0.8	1.9	2.0	1.9	9.0
Kisibendi_Lake	0.3830	30.3000	1126	Kisibendi	UG	4.5		23.3	25.000	22.700	23.9	9.3	6.2	7.75	6010	9880	18100	52600	1990	5440	73200	8620	892	8430	12400	4440	17600	7070	3720	17100	2.4	4.0	7.3	21.2	0.8	2.2	29.6	3.5	0.4	3.4	5.0	1.8	7.1	2.9	1.5	6.9	28.6
Kitere_Lake	0.4000	30.2500	1252	Kitere	UG	51.0	98000	23.1	26.700	23.800	25.3	9.0	7.1	8.05	26500	87600	97500	369000	46000	134000	517000	158000	12700	8230	15600	17600	23300	28200	23000	46000	1.6	5.4	6.1	22.9	2.9	8.3	32.1	9.8	0.8	0.5	1.0	1.1	1.4	1.8	1.4	2.9	10.1
Kopello_Lake	0.3100	29.8920	4017	Kopello	UG	14.1	30100	4.0	7.800	5.700	6.8	5.3	5.1	5.20	2110000	120000	1760000	183000	35800	3490	819000	13700	4390	18000	0	10600	4230	4780	12400	1790	41.3	2.4	34.6	3.6	0.7	0.1	16.0	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	1.0
Kyasunduka_Lake	-0.2830	30.0420	1005	Kyasunduka	UG	2.0	503000	24.3	24.800	24.200	24.5	9.0	8.6	8.80	23500	68500	82400	265000	59100	101000	505000	175000	13800	20500	19400	55400	35700	120000	32600	86700	1.4	4.1	5.0	15.9	3.6	6.1	30.4	10.5	0.8	1.2	1.2	3.3	2.1	7.2	2.0	5.2	22.3
Kyerbwato_Lake	0.4330	30.3170	1225	Kyerbwato	UG	14.1	14400	22.5	26.100	24.200	25.2	8.5	8.0	8.25	93200	207000	380000	780000	216000	189000	1620000	481000	89800	48000	82300	149000	164000	197000	92700	338000	1.8	4.0	7.4	15.2	4.2	3.7	31.6	9.4	1.8	0.9	1.6	2.9	3.2	3.9	1.8	6.6	20.9
Kyogo_Lake	-0.3330	30.0170	1120	Kyogo	UG	3.4	18000	23.5	26.600	26.000	26.3	6.9	6.8	6.85	215000	181000	1590000	1500000	211000	425000	6140000	1070000	126000	95600	101000	227000	144000	197000	250000	527000	1.7	1.4	12.2	11.6	1.6	3.3	47.2	8.2	1.0	0.7	0.8	1.7	1.1	1.5	1.9	4.0	11.8
Mahoma_Lake	0.3460	29.9680	2990	Mahoma	UG	13.2	47600	10.0	14.900	12.500	13.7	5.9	5.6	5.75	244000	9940	406000	35800	9020	856	369000	9040	3990	36100	0	34700	0	13700	28400	9210	20.2	0.8	33.6	3.0	0.7	0.1	30.5	0.7	0.3	3.0	0.0	2.9	0.0	1.1	2.3	0.8	10.1
Mahuhura_Lake	0.4330	30.2670	1254	Mahuhura	UG	70.0	186000	20.5	24.600	23.300	24.0	9.0	8.0	8.50	570000	303000	839000	358000	203000	6020	470000	276000	18600	20100	0	11300	0	34800	70000	0	17.9	9.5	26.4	11.3	6.4	0.2	14.8	8.7	0.6	0.6	0.0	0.4	0.0	1.1	2.2	0.0	4.3
Mbayo_Lake	0.4500	30.2670	1234	Mbayo	UG	35.0	80000	22.5	24.500	23.100	23.8	8.6	6.9	7.75	98300	302000	394000	910000	196000	431000	1320000	513000	98600	27500	47500	62100	64200	102000	58500	147000	2.1	6.3	8.3	19.0	4.1	9.0	27.7	10.7	2.1	0.6	1.0	1.3	1.3	2.1	1.2	3.1	10.7
Middle_Kachope_Lake	0.3330	29.8670	3843	Middle Kachope	UG	3.3	10100	5.1	8.700	7.300	8.0	6.9	6.6	6.75	1920000	424000	1050000	220000	78000	11600	564000	63400	12200	25100	0	12500	2880	17600	32100	4650	43.2	9.6	23.7	5.0	1.8	0.3	12.7	1.4	0.3	0.6	0.0	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.7	0.1	2.1
Mirambi_Lake	-0.2170	30.1000	1075	Mirambi	UG	21.3	530000	23.7	25.700	24.000	24.9	9.5	7.8	8.65	31400	27100	107000	123000	47700	33800	312000	120000	10100	20200	54600	25800	55300	59100	33500	83800	2.7	2.4	9.4	10.7	4.2	3.0	27.3	10.5	0.9	1.8	4.8	2.3	4.8	5.2	2.9	7.3	29.1
Murabio_Lake	-0.3500	30.0330	1100	Murabio	UG	15.0	160000	23.6	26.700	22.600	24.7	8.0	7.2	7.60	108000	260000	398000	1090000	166000	322000	2470000	592000	125000	52000	103000	171000	127000	227000	108000	446000	1.6	3.8	5.9	16.1	2.4	4.8	36.5	8.7	1.9	0.8	1.5	2.5	1.9	3.4	1.6	6.6	18.2
Murusi_Lake	0.4330	30.2830	1217	Murusi	UG	60.0	214000	22.5	26.100	22.500	24.3	8.5	6.6	7.55	148000	169000	669000	824000	259000	202000	2060000	613000	88400	110000	251000	181000	352000	374000	299000	687000	2.0	2.3	9.2	11.3	3.6	2.8	28.3	8.4	1.2	1.5	3.4	2.5	4.8	5.1	4.1	9.4	30.9
Mwengenyi_Lake	0.4830	30.2670	1392	Mwengenyi	UG	140.0	294000	21.2	23.900	22.300	23.1	8.6	6.9	7.75	193000	319000	656000	952000	285000	265000	1500000	553000	139000	36300	51100	102000	84300	134000	85300	205000	3.5	5.7	11.8	17.1	5.1	4.8	27.0	9.9	2.5	0.7	0.9	1.8	1.5	2.4	1.5	3.7	12.5
Njarayabana_Lake	0.4330	30.2500	1184	Njarayabana	UG	37.0	122000	22.9	25.500	23.400	24.5	8.8	7.8	8.30	83600	156000	259000	583000	89100	138000	689000	228000	23400	21300	35500	15900	39600	26500	17300	44700	3.4	6.4	10.6	23.8	3.6	5.6	28.1	9.3	1.0	0.9	1.4	0.6	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.8	8.2
Nkuruba_Lake	0.5170	30.3000	1480	Nkuruba	UG	34.0	13200	20.5	23.800	22.100	23.0	8.4	6.6	7.50	168000	472000	634000	1350000	223000	337000	2050000	519000	94300	82200	129000	109000	171000	72500	67400	303000	2.5	7.0	9.3	19.9	3.3	5.0	30.2	7.7	1.4	1.2	1.9	1.6	2.5	1.1	1.0	4.5	13.8
Nyamugosani_Lake	0.4170	30.2330	1234	Nyamugosani	UG	36.7	114000	22.5	26.800	24.500	25.7	8.8	8.5	8.65	54900	110000	181000	352000	74300	117000	493000	184000	27900	12900	24800	16100	30800	28600	20700	41900	3.1	6.2	10.2	19.9	4.2	6.6	27.9	10.4	1.6	0.7	1.4	0.9	1.7	1.6	1.2	2.4	9.9
Nyamusingere_Lake	-0.2830	30.0330	978	Nyamusingere	UG	4.5	3840000	24.5	26.300	24.700	25.5	9.1	9.2	9.15	17600	71600	66000	272000	32700	132000	417000	163000	15000	6800	7310	36700	12900	46800	22100	50800	1.3	5.2	4.8	19.8	2.4	9.7	30.4	11.9	1.1	0.5	0.5	2.7	0.9	3.4	1.6	3.7	13.4
Nyantonde_Lake	0.4830	30.2830	1387	Nyantonde	UG	180.0	125000	21.2	23.700	21.300	22.5	8.8	6.9	7.85	277000	750000	1110000	2630000	464000	766000	3550000	1030000	133000	105000	210000	105000	237000	232000	158000	293000	2.3	6.2	9.2	21.8	3.9	6.4	29.5	8.6	1.1	0.9	1.7	0.9	2.0	1.9	1.3	2.4	11.1
Ruhandika_Lake	0.3830	29.8830	4341	Ruhandika	UG	3.0	90	2.4	6.200	4.000	5.1	6.1	6.0	6.05	583000	107000	260000	105000	4600	4250	145000	4670	455	0	0	0	0	5480	9420	0	47.5	8.7	21.2	8.5	0.4	0.3	11.8	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.8	0.0	1.2
Wandakara_Lake	0.4170	30.2670	1166	Wandakara	UG	12.0	30800	23.1	25.000	23.200	24.1	8.8	7.9	8.35	18900	69100	67900	227000	26300	72500	324000	79600	8190	5250	8140	18900	14500	28400	23000	40500	1.8	6.7	6.6	22.0	2.5	7.0	31.4	7.7	0.8	0.5	0.8	1.8	1.4	2.8	2.2	3.9	13.4
Wankenzi_Lake	0.4250	30.2670	1158	Wankenzi	UG	90.0	165000	23.1	24.800	23.000	23.9	8.8	6.5	7.65	99600	354000	363000	1250000	141000	401000	1780000	441000	44900	27900	41400	91800	68000	159000	115000	204000	1.8	6.3	6.5	22.3	2.5	7.2	31.9	7.9	0.8	0.5	0.7	1.6	1.2	2.9	2.1	3.7	12.7