Citation:

j.scitotenv.2019.02.401

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Abstract:

The Elbe River was long considered as one of the most anthropogenically impacted rivers in Europe. Its estuary is characterized by strong tidal effects, continuous dredging and dumping of sediments and intense ship traffic between the North Sea and the Port of Hamburg. These activities make the estuary a highly dynamic study area of interest to numerous parties. The aim of this study was to elucidate if a combined multi-element fingerprinting and isotopic tracer approach represents a suitable tool to investigate transport and mixing processes of inorganic contaminants within a complex and highly dynamic estuarine environment.

Therefore, a total of 37 surface sediment samples (<63 µm grain size fraction) of the Elbe River Estuary were characterized in a comprehensive survey by determining the mass fractions of 48 elements and the isotopic signatures of stable Sr, Nd and Pb. By the combination of multi-element and isotopic data, statistical data analysis resolved four discrete clusters of sampling locations in the estuary: One cluster upstream of the city of Hamburg, two clusters within the mixing zone between Hamburg and the mouth of the Elbe Estuary and one cluster in the mouth of the estuary. Our results indicate that river sediments entering the estuary carry significantly higher loads of heavy metals (e.g. Cu, Zn, Sb, Cd and Pb), which are rapidly “diluted” by lower elemental mass fractions in marine sediments on a remarkably small regional scale (investigated river transect: 144 km). The cluster within the mouth of the estuary is mainly characterized by extreme isotopic variations of n(208Pb)/n(204Pb) ranging from 38.67 ± 0.15 to 73.86 ± 0.29, beside high mass fractions of U, Th and some rare-earth elements. Determined Pb isotope ratios are among the highest reported values for terrestrial materials. These extreme variations are unique as they occur on a small spatial scale and cannot be explained by the underlying geology of the Elbe Estuary solely. Hence, it can be assumed that this material is not exclusively original to the area but was transported into the Elbe Estuary either by tidal dynamics or human activities.

In summary, this study indicates the general potential of combined element fingerprinting and isotope tracer approaches to elucidate processes in complex river systems. Moreover does it represent an initial characterization of the catchment area of the Elbe River as basis for future studies on river and harbor management.

Project(s):

Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research (HZG)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 53.650632 * Median Longitude: 9.588413 * South-bound Latitude: 53.395800 * West-bound Longitude: 8.337500 * North-bound Latitude: 53.983700 * East-bound Longitude: 10.318000

Date/Time Start: 2015-08-03T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2015-08-06T13:55:00

Minimum Elevation: -15.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -2.0 m

Event(s):

LP_2015_08_S_1 (Scharhoernriff) * Latitude: 53.983700 * Longitude: 8.337500 * Date/Time: 2015-08-03T09:33:00 * Elevation: -15.0 m * Location: Elbe and North Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

LP_2015_08_S_2 (Lt. Vogelsand) * Latitude: 53.967000 * Longitude: 8.487500 * Date/Time: 2015-08-03T10:43:00 * Elevation: -13.0 m * Location: Elbe and North Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

LP_2015_08_S_3 (Kugelbake) * Latitude: 53.888500 * Longitude: 8.692167 * Date/Time: 2015-08-03T12:04:00 * Elevation: -8.0 m * Location: Elbe and North Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

Comment:

Update 2019-10-18: Element data has been corrected, multiplication by 0.001. In the first version data were wrongly given with a factor of 1000 too high.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Reese, Anna
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Reese, Anna
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Reese, Anna
4	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Reese, Anna
5	Date/Time of event	Date/Time		Reese, Anna
6	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Reese, Anna		Geocode
7	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Reese, Anna		Geocode
8	Salinity	Sal		Reese, Anna	Multimeter 3430 WTW	measured in water column
9	pH	pH		Reese, Anna	Multimeter 3430 WTW	measured in water column
10	Size fraction < 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay	<63 µm	%	Reese, Anna	Grain size, LASER Particle Sizer
11	Size fraction < 0.125 mm	<125 µm	%	Reese, Anna	Grain size, LASER Particle Sizer
12	Size fraction < 0.250 mm	<250 µm	%	Reese, Anna	Grain size, LASER Particle Sizer
13	Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio	87Sr/86Sr		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
14	Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, uncertainty	87Sr/86Sr unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
15	Lead-208/Lead-206 ratio	208Pb/206Pb		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
16	Lead-208/Lead-206 ratio, uncertainty	208Pb/206Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
17	Lead-207/Lead-206 ratio	207Pb/206Pb		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
18	Lead-207/Lead-206, uncertainty	207Pb/206Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
19	Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio	206Pb/204Pb		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
20	Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio, uncertainty	206Pb/204Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
21	Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio	208Pb/204Pb		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
22	Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio, uncertainty	208Pb/204Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
23	Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio	143Nd/144Nd		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
24	Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, uncertainty	143Nd/144Nd unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
25	Beryllium	Be	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
26	Beryllium, uncertainty	Be unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
27	Magnesium	Mg2+	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
28	Magnesium, uncertainty	Mg unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
29	Aluminium	Al	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
30	Aluminium, uncertainty	Al unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
31	Potassium	K	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
32	Potassium, uncertainty	K unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
33	Scandium	Sc	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
34	Scandium, uncertainty	Sc unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
35	Titanium	Ti	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
36	Titanium, uncertainty	Ti unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
37	Vanadium	V	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
38	Vanadium, uncertainty	V unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
39	Chromium	Cr	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
40	Chromium, uncertainty	Cr unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
41	Manganese	Mn	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
42	Manganese, uncertainty	Mn unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
43	Iron	Fe	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
44	Iron, uncertainty	Fe unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
45	Cobalt	Co	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
46	Cobalt, uncertainty	Co unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
47	Nickel	Ni	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
48	Nickel, uncertainty	Ni unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
49	Copper	Cu	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
50	Copper, uncertainty	Cu unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
51	Zinc	Zn	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
52	Zinc, uncertainty	Zn unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
53	Gallium	Ga	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
54	Gallium, uncertainty	Ga unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
55	Arsenic	As	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
56	Arsenic, uncertainty	As unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
57	Rubidium	Rb	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
58	Rubidium, uncertainty	Rb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
59	Strontium	Sr	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
60	Strontium, uncertainty	Sr unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
61	Zirconium	Zr	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
62	Zirconium, uncertainty	Zr unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
63	Molybdenum	Mo	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
64	Molybdenum, uncertainty	Mo unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
65	Silver	Ag	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
66	Silver, uncertainty	Ag unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
67	Cadmium	Cd	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
68	Cadmium, uncertainty	Cd unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
69	Antimony	Sb	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
70	Antimony, uncertainty	Sb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
71	Caesium	Cs	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
72	Caesium, uncertainty	Cs unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
73	Barium	Ba	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
74	Barium, uncertainty	Ba unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
75	Lanthanum	La	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
76	Lanthanum, uncertainty	La unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
77	Cerium	Ce	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
78	Cerium, uncertainty	Ce unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
79	Praseodymium	Pr	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
80	Praseodymium, uncertainty	Pr unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
81	Neodymium	Nd	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
82	Neodymium, uncertainty	Nd unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
83	Samarium	Sm	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
84	Samarium, uncertainty	Sm unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
85	Europium	Eu	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
86	Europium, uncertainty	Eu unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
87	Gadolinium	Gd	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
88	Gadolinium, uncertainty	Gd unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
89	Terbium	Tb	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
90	Terbium, uncertainty	Tb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
91	Dysprosium	Dy	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
92	Dysprosium, uncertainty	Dy unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
93	Holmium	Ho	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
94	Holmium, uncertainty	Ho unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
95	Erbium	Er	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
96	Erbium, uncertainty	Er unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
97	Thulium	Tm	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
98	Thulium, uncertainty	Tm unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
99	Ytterbium	Yb	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
100	Ytterbium, uncertainty	Yb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
101	Lutetium	Lu	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
102	Lutetium, uncertainty	Lu unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
103	Tungsten	W	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
104	Tungsten, uncertainty	W unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
105	Thallium	Tl	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
106	Thallium, uncertainty	Tl unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
107	Lead	Pb	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
108	Lead, uncertainty	Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
109	Bismuth	Bi	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
110	Bismuth, uncertainty	Bi unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
111	Thorium	Th	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
112	Thorium, uncertainty	Th unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
113	Uranium	U	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
114	Uranium, uncertainty	U unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
115	Tellurium	Te	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
116	Tellurium, uncertainty	Te unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
117	Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio	207Pb/204Pb		Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
118	Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio, uncertainty	207Pb/204Pb unc	±	Reese, Anna	Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Nu Plasma II	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
119	Calcium	Ca	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
120	Calcium, uncertainty	Ca unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
121	Phosphorus	P	mg/kg	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
122	Phosphorus, uncertainty	P unc	±	Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
123	Europium anomaly	Eu/Eu*		Reese, Anna	Element analysis grain size fraction <63 µm via ICP-MS (total digest)	measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)
124	Europium, uncertainty	Eu unc	±	Reese, Anna		measured in sediment (grain size <63 µm)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

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4314 data points

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