Citation:

PANGAEA.898138

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Abstract:

Dry and wet Saharan dust deposition incubation experiments were conducted in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean at 12°N to study the nutrient release of Saharan dust under oligotrophic seawater conditions with possible fertilization effects on the phytoplankton. Low and high amounts of Saharan dust deposition from two different dust sources (paleo-lake and sand dune) were used from which the dust's particle sizes were adjusted to resemble dust that is naturally deposited over the ocean at the experiment sites. For wet dust deposition, the dust was pre-leached in acidified 'artificial rainwater' (H2SO4) for 16 to 24 hours, mimicking acid cloud processing at different pH values. Experiments were run up to eight days. Daily nutrient measurements of phosphate (PO43-), silicate (SiO44-), nitrate (NO3-) and cell abundances were performed in addition to measurements of concentrations of total dissolved iron (DFe) and particulate organic carbon (POC) at the start and at the end of the experiments. A significant initial increase and subsequent gradual decrease in PO43-, SiO44- and DFe concentrations were observed after wet dust deposition using high amounts of dust previously leached in low pH rain (H2SO4, pH=2). Remarkably, the experiments showed no nutrient release (PO43-, SiO44- and DFe) from dry-dust addition and the NO3- concentrations remained unaffected in all (dry and wet) experiments. The prokaryotic cyanobacterium Synechococcus spp. was the most prominent picophytoplankton in all mixed layer experiments. After an initial increase in cell abundance, a subsequent decrease in the eastern Atlantic or a slight increase in the middle of the Atlantic was observed for allexperiments, independently of dry- and wet-dust deposition. The POC concentrations at the end of the experiments increased in all treatments and showed similar high values after both dry and wet dust deposition treatments. Even though wet dust deposition is considered to have a higher potential to introduce bioavailable nutrients (i.e. PO43-, SiO44- and DFe) into the otherwise nutrient-starved oligotrophic ocean, a clear response of the pico-phytoplankton was absent. However, our observations suggest that the leached nutrients may be more likely to favor the growth of the phytoplankton community when an additional N-source is also available.

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 12.000000 * Median Longitude: -30.500000 * South-bound Latitude: 12.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -38.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 12.000000 * East-bound Longitude: -23.000000

Date/Time Start: 2016-03-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2016-04-03T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, water: 20 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 70 m

Event(s):

JC134_M1_incub * Latitude: 12.000000 * Longitude: -23.000000 * Date/Time: 2016-04-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: (DUSTTRAFFIC IV) * Basis: * Method/Device: Incubation (INCUB)

JC134_M3_incub * Latitude: 12.000000 * Longitude: -38.000000 * Date/Time: 2016-03-29T00:00:00 * Campaign: (DUSTTRAFFIC IV) * Basis: * Method/Device: Incubation (INCUB)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Korte, Laura F
2	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Korte, Laura F		Geocode
3	Day of experiment	DOE	day	Korte, Laura F
4	Comment	Comment		Korte, Laura F		Original sea water
5	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Korte, Laura F		Dust type / control
6	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Korte, Laura F		Dry or wet deposition / control
7	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
8	Phosphate, standard deviation	[PO4]3- std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
9	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
10	Silicate, standard deviation	Si(OH)4 std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
11	Comment	Comment		Korte, Laura F		Outlier
12	Nitrate	[NO3]-	µmol/l	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
13	Nitrate, standard deviation	NO3 std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuous Flow Analyser
14	Iron, dissolved	Fe diss	nmol/l	Korte, Laura F	Flow injection analysis
15	Iron, dissolved, standard deviation	Fe diss std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	Flow injection analysis
16	Carbon, organic, particulate	POC	mg/l	Korte, Laura F	Thermo-Interscience Flash EA112 Series NC analyzer
17	Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation	POC std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	Thermo-Interscience Flash EA112 Series NC analyzer
18	Synechococcus spp.	Synechococcus spp.	#/ml	Korte, Laura F	Flow cytometry Accuri C6
19	Synechococcus spp., standard deviation	Synechococcus spp. std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	Flow cytometry Accuri C6
20	Carbon, organic, dissolved	DOC	µmol/l	Korte, Laura F	Continuous flow analysis, after Stoll et al. (2001)
21	Carbon, organic, dissolved, standard deviation	DOC std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	Continuous flow analysis, after Stoll et al. (2001)
22	Phytoplankton, pico eukaryotic	Phytopl pico euk	#/ml	Korte, Laura F	Flow cytometry Accuri C6	Group R3
23	Phytoplankton, pico eukaryotic, standard deviation	Phytopl pico euk std dev	±	Korte, Laura F	Flow cytometry Accuri C6

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1180 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Depth water [m]	3 DOE [day]	4 Comment (Original sea water)	5 Exp treat (Dust type / control)	6 Exp treat (Dry or wet deposition / control)	7 [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	8 [PO4]3- std dev [±] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	9 Si(OH)4 [µmol/l] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	10 Si(OH)4 std dev [±] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	11 Comment (Outlier)	12 [NO3]- [µmol/l] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	13 NO3 std dev [±] (TRAACS Gas Segmented Continuo...)	14 Fe diss [nmol/l] (Flow injection analysis)	15 Fe diss std dev [±] (Flow injection analysis)	16 POC [mg/l] (Thermo-Interscience Flash EA1...)	17 POC std dev [±] (Thermo-Interscience Flash EA1...)	18 Synechococcus spp. [#/ml] (Flow cytometry Accuri C6)	19 Synechococcus spp. std dev [±] (Flow cytometry Accuri C6)	20 DOC [µmol/l] (Continuous flow analysis, aft...)	21 DOC std dev [±] (Continuous flow analysis, aft...)	22 Phytopl pico euk [#/ml] (Group R3, Flow cytometry Accu...)	23 Phytopl pico euk std dev [±] (Flow cytometry Accuri C6)
JC134_M1_incub	20		Original seawater			0.031	0.00	0.709	0.003		0.023	0.01	1.004	0.380	0.041	0.00	16592	432	2126	1
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Control	Control	0.032	0.00	0.709	0.000		0.023	0.00					16154	406
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Control	Control	0.026	0.01	0.727	0.020		0.671	0.52	0.668	0.120			29453	1959
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Control	Control	0.028	0.01	0.720	0.010		0.100	0.04					21335	6534
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Control	Control	0.032	0.00	0.746	0.020	Outlier	0.201	0.13					17798	6119
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Control	Control	0.024	0.01	0.716	0.010		0.162	0.05					19134	5175
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Control	Control	0.024	0.01	0.712	0.010		0.155	0.06					16738	1694
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Control	Control	0.021	0.01	0.707	0.010		0.024	0.02					21527	8559
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Control	Control	0.020	0.01	0.702	0.010		0.011	0.01					17741	8248
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Control	Control	0.022	0.00	0.726	0.010		0.020	0.02	1.239	0.190	0.059	0.01	11351	4472	2146	5
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.031	0.00	0.700	0.000		0.011	0.00					16441	242
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.029	0.01	0.727	0.020		0.346	0.37	0.617	0.070			28613	2346
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.028	0.01	0.713	0.010		0.047	0.02					15147	9462
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.034	0.00	0.723	0.010		0.149	0.09					13295	8785
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.024	0.00	0.713	0.010		0.076	0.04					16498	8718
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.025	0.00	0.707	0.010		0.050	0.03					16756	10586
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.029	0.00	0.706	0.010		0.018	0.01					15441	10463
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.026	0.00	0.703	0.010		0.027	0.01					13202	6796
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		(Rain) control	Rain control (pH =2)	0.026	0.01	0.713	0.010		0.009	0.01	0.818	0.060	0.054	0.02	7826	5197	2114	4
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.033	0.00	0.711	0.000		0.031	0.00					17713	442
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.032	0.00	0.725	0.010		0.290	0.24	0.725	0.040			30579	591
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.032	0.00	0.729	0.000		0.084	0.02					16525	1671
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.035	0.00	0.738	0.010		0.149	0.11					11021	1639
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.030	0.00	0.729	0.000		0.887	1.25					14332	2773
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.031	0.00	0.728	0.000		0.102	0.07					17379	2027
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.029	0.00	0.724	0.000		0.034	0.02					14275	6217
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.027	0.00	0.724	0.000		0.030	0.02					11594	2978
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Dry lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.028	0.00	0.734	0.010		0.041	0.03	0.640	0.070	0.051	0.01	5917	2598	2149	4
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.035	0.00	0.707	0.010		0.036	0.01					17312	506
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.032	0.01	0.732	0.010		0.132	0.11	0.656	0.090			30957	1041
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.032	0.01	0.737	0.000		0.249	0.11					29541	4437
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.033	0.00	0.736	0.010		0.133	0.01					16488	4939
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.027	0.00	0.734	0.010		0.262	0.19					19089	3820
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.028	0.00	0.733	0.010		0.350	0.41					22435	5426
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.025	0.00	0.733	0.000		0.023	0.01					17792	6159
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.025	0.00	0.731	0.000		0.052	0.04					17145	4828
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Dry lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.025	0.00	0.742	0.000		0.022	0.01	0.569	0.050	0.067	0.00	7784	5503	2142	6
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.035	0.00	0.878	0.020		0.020	0.02					15413	2402
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.032	0.00	0.911	0.030		0.409	0.28	7.304	0.150			28761	976
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.031	0.00	0.880	0.010		0.042	0.02					19228	7582
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.036	0.00	0.881	0.010		0.134	0.11					15633	7197
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.028	0.00	0.891	0.020		0.110	0.13					20427	9973
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.029	0.00	0.875	0.020		0.143	0.21					11278	793
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.030	0.01	0.870	0.020		0.061	0.03					12362	8414
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.029	0.00	0.837	0.060		0.046	0.02					13583	8269
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Wet lake dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.027	0.00	0.869	0.020		0.037	0.02	2.063	0.160	0.060	0.02	6522	5842	2112	1
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.057	0.00	1.542	0.030		0.055	0.04					15279	764
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.047	0.01	1.621	0.030		0.258	0.21	29.088	0.970			32938	1996
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.047	0.01	1.655	0.030		0.702	0.65					28145	13111
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.043	0.01	1.681	0.040		0.048	0.01					26390	21271
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.041	0.01	1.687	0.030		0.219	0.17					25182	14828
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.037	0.01	1.688	0.030		0.152	0.12					24514	24420
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.035	0.01	1.678	0.040		0.009	0.01					18345	20702
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.034	0.01	1.672	0.040		0.028	0.01					16707	14493
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Wet lake dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.033	0.01	1.667	0.040		0.018	0.01	5.207	1.200	0.068	0.02	6520	6205	2103	4
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.035	0.00	0.749	0.000		0.031	0.00					16004	187
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.034	0.00	0.839	0.090		0.274	0.11	4.461	0.190			29099	508
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.031	0.00	0.776	0.020		0.130	0.15					17752	7863
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.038	0.01	0.775	0.010		0.149	0.07					15982	7142
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.033	0.00	0.776	0.010		0.575	0.15					14512	7811
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.033	0.01	0.774	0.000		0.345	0.30					19169	11889
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.028	0.00	0.766	0.000		0.021	0.01					12985	9180
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.030	0.00	0.795	0.050		0.056	0.04					10518	5220
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Wet dune dust	Low (0.25 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.030	0.01	0.772	0.010		0.044	0.03	1.605	0.030	0.057	0.01	4380	3507	2118	1
JC134_M1_incub	20	0		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.060	0.00	0.963	0.010		0.039	0.01					15527	459
JC134_M1_incub	20	1		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.053	0.00	1.077	0.030		0.283	0.21	20.793	0.670			31548	1155
JC134_M1_incub	20	2		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.054	0.01	1.054	0.010		1.195	1.70					22993	9327
JC134_M1_incub	20	3		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.055	0.01	1.064	0.010		0.063	0.05					18053	9404
JC134_M1_incub	20	4		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.049	0.00	1.068	0.010		0.279	0.31					27868	3473
JC134_M1_incub	20	5		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.048	0.01	1.055	0.020		0.083	0.05					19356	9626
JC134_M1_incub	20	6		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.048	0.00	1.048	0.020		0.031	0.03					12623	5871
JC134_M1_incub	20	7		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.047	0.01	1.048	0.020		0.025	0.01					12746	5364
JC134_M1_incub	20	8		Wet dune dust	High (1.5 mg L-1) dust conc.	0.048	0.01	1.051	0.010		0.019	0.00	4.187	0.490	0.061	0.01	4650	1644	2099	1
JC134_M3_incub	20		Original seawater			0.013	0.00	0.822	0.000		0.144	0.05	0.432	0.060	0.035	0.00	1669				421
JC134_M3_incub	20	1		Control	Control	0.011	0.00	0.838	0.010		0.036	0.02					2445	81			477	46
JC134_M3_incub	20	2		Control	Control	0.015	0.00	0.845	0.010		1.183	1.45					3244	857			608	97
JC134_M3_incub	20	3		Control	Control	0.016	0.00	0.846	0.020		0.488	0.40					2922	835			990	212
JC134_M3_incub	20	4		Control	Control	0.012	0.00	0.842	0.010		0.021	0.01			0.042	0.01	2638	1021			788	404
JC134_M3_incub	20	1		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.017	0.00	1.006	0.010		0.043	0.01	4.391	0.260			2762	822			587	198
JC134_M3_incub	20	2		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.016	0.00	1.018	0.010		0.294	0.18					3153	364			821	67
JC134_M3_incub	20	3		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.017	0.00	1.007	0.010		0.625	0.75					3250	717			1393	55
JC134_M3_incub	20	4		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.015	0.00	1.005	0.010		0.038	0.03	1.516	0.160	0.034	0.01	2831	1008			1566	205
JC134_M3_incub	70		Original seawater			0.068	0.00	1.035	0.010		0.650	0.23	0.667	0.160	0.025	0.01	394				2610
JC134_M3_incub	70	1		Control	Control	0.071	0.01	1.062	0.030		0.596	0.05					622	151			2223	446
JC134_M3_incub	70	2		Control	Control	0.065	0.01	1.049	0.020		0.612	0.17					1159	225			3102	708
JC134_M3_incub	70	3		Control	Control	0.054	0.00	1.012	0.020		0.355	0.05					1346	228			2274	472
JC134_M3_incub	70	4		Control	Control	0.035	0.00	0.903	0.020		0.049	0.02			0.080	0.00	1173	153			2036	284
JC134_M3_incub	70	1		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.077	0.01	1.228	0.020		0.568	0.10	4.229	0.140			544	109			1383	842
JC134_M3_incub	70	2		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.070	0.01	1.226	0.020		0.596	0.11					936	60			1901	1024
JC134_M3_incub	70	3		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.059	0.00	1.202	0.000		0.398	0.07					1102	176			1464	765
JC134_M3_incub	70	4		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 2	0.048	0.01	1.142	0.040		0.189	0.16	2.445	0.080	0.074	0.00	934	266			1193	680
JC134_M3_incub	70	1		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 4.5	0.076	0.01	1.082	0.000		0.535	0.07	0.585	0.060			575	22			1707	459
JC134_M3_incub	70	2		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 4.5	0.055	0.02	1.099	0.030		0.468	0.17					1032	60			1763	1097
JC134_M3_incub	70	3		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 4.5	0.069	0.01	1.055	0.020		0.474	0.09					1434	19			1525	739
JC134_M3_incub	70	4		Wet lake dust	Low concentration (0.25 mg L-1), leached in pH 4.5	0.046	0.02	1.009	0.060		0.186	0.25	0.585	0.030	0.086	0.01	1445	198			1393	495