Böhning-Gaese, Katrin; Ferger, Stefan W; Dulle, Hamidi Iddi; Schleuning, Matthias (2018): Number of bite marks by animals on artificial fruits and insects after an exposure time of 96h on all focal plots of the Kilimanjaro Research Unit [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896140, Supplement to: Ferger, Stefan W; Dulle, Hamidi Iddi; Schleuning, Matthias; Böhning-Gaese, Katrin (2016): Frugivore diversity increases frugivory rates along a large elevational gradient. Oikos, 125(2), 245-253, https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.02296
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Published: 2018-11-20 • DOI registered: 2020-07-02
Abstract:
We quantified frugivory and insectivory rates with artificial fruit and insect experiments on the focal plots of all 13 habitat types in the warm dry season (December to March) and in the cold dry season (July to October). We used non-toxic, odorless modeling clay (1) to mold spherical fruits of 14 mm diameter in three colors that have been associated with the avian seed dispersal syndrome: black, red and violet (Flörchinger et al. 2010) and (2) to mold green artificial caterpillars. We exposed the artificial fruits and caterpillars in ten clusters per focal plot with a minimum distance of 10 m between clusters. In each cluster, we placed 20 fruits per color or 20 caterpillars, respectively, resulting in a total number of 15,600 artificial fruits (13 habitat types x 10 clusters x 3 colors x 20 fruits per color and cluster x 2 seasons) and 5,200 artificial caterpillars (13 habitat types x 10 clusters x 20 caterpillars per cluster x 2 seasons). We used florist's wire to attach the fruits and caterpillars to small twigs of bushes or trees in a height of about 12 m above ground with a minimum distance of 1 m between colors and 10 cm between fruits of one color. Artificial fruits and caterpillars were exposed for 96 h hours and then checked for peck or bite marks of birds, mammals and reptiles, which indicated that a potential disperser attempted to eat the artificial fruits or caterpillars, respectively.
Further details:
Hemp, Andreas: Detailed position of KiLi research plots [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894721
Project(s):
Kilimanjaro Research Group (KiLi)
Funding:
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.196923 * Median Longitude: 37.323077 * South-bound Latitude: -3.340000 * West-bound Longitude: 37.190000 * North-bound Latitude: -3.050000 * East-bound Longitude: 37.680000
Date/Time Start: 2012-01-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2012-10-13T00:00:00
Event(s):
KiLi_cof3 * Latitude: -3.250000 * Longitude: 37.320000 * Location: Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania * Comment: POLETYPE: a middle pole; ECOSYTEM: coffee plantation
Comment:
Number of marks by birds, mammals, etc. on artificial fruits and insects after an exposure time of 96h on all focal plots as a relative measure of seed dispersal and arthropod predation.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Schleuning, Matthias | |||
| 2 | Season | Season | Schleuning, Matthias | hot or cold dry season | ||
| 3 | Plot | Plot | Schleuning, Matthias | |||
| 4 | Group | Group | Schleuning, Matthias | group of shrubs with 10 fruits/insects of each color | ||
| 5 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Schleuning, Matthias | Geocode – date of setting the fruits/insects | ||
| 6 | Date/time start | Date/time start | Schleuning, Matthias | starting time of setting the fruits/insects | ||
| 7 | Date/time end | Date/time end | Schleuning, Matthias | end time of setting the fruits/insects | ||
| 8 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Schleuning, Matthias | Geocode – date of removing the fruits/insects | ||
| 9 | Date/time start | Date/time start | Schleuning, Matthias | starting time of removing the fruits/insects | ||
| 10 | Date/time end | Date/time end | Schleuning, Matthias | end time of removing the fruits/insects | ||
| 11 | Color description | Color desc | Schleuning, Matthias | color of the fruits/insects | ||
| 12 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects without a mark at time of removal | |
| 13 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects with a bird mark at time of removal | |
| 14 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects with a mammal mark at time of removal | |
| 15 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects with a insects mark at time of removal | |
| 16 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects with a reptile mark at time of removal | |
| 17 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects with a mark of unknown origin at time of removal | |
| 18 | Number of fruits/insects | N fruits insec | # | Schleuning, Matthias | number of fruits/insects which were not found on the shrub at time of removal | |
| 19 | Comment | Comment | Schleuning, Matthias | notes | ||
| 20 | Comment | Comment | Schleuning, Matthias | general comments | ||
| 21 | Comment | Comment | Schleuning, Matthias | general comments (continued) |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
15729 data points
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- Ferger, SW; Schleuning, M; Böhning-Gaese, K (2018): Data on vegetation structure on the study plots of the Kilimanjaro Research Unit. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896067
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