Citation:

j.chemosphere.2018.08.105

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Abstract:

UV absorbing compounds are of emerging concern due to their large production volumes, their persistence or pseudo-persistence, and their potential adverse effects. This is the first study investigating the environmental occurrence and potential hazard of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the North and Baltic Sea surface sediments, including the connecting Skagerrak and Kattegat straits. In total, nineteen substances were identified over the entire study area, including the rarely studied compounds ethylhexyl triazone (EHT) and bisoctrizole (UV-360). Octocrylene (OC) was the predominant compound in this study with regard to detection frequency (79%) and concentrations (up to 9.7 ng/g dw). OC accounted for more than 65% of UV stabilizer contamination in the German Bight. The triazine derivative EHT was quantified in the Rhine-Meuse-Delta and the German Bight in concentrations up to 2.0 ng/g dw. In the Baltic Sea, benzotriazole UV stabilizers accounted for 60% of the contamination, with UV-360 as the main substance. The estimated environmental hazard quotients indicated a negligible impact on benthic and sediment-dwelling organisms in the North and Baltic Seas. Region-specific contamination pattern and riverine influences were revealed. The results suggest that both direct and indirect sources contribute to the UV stabilizer and UV filter contamination in the study area.

Project(s):

Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research (HZG)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 54.823513 * Median Longitude: 9.957630 * South-bound Latitude: 51.720170 * West-bound Longitude: 4.111250 * North-bound Latitude: 58.133300 * East-bound Longitude: 14.543650

Date/Time Start: 2015-10-02T11:25:00 * Date/Time End: 2017-09-10T15:10:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m

Event(s):

LP20170606-12 * Latitude: 53.881610 * Longitude: 9.077255 * Date/Time: 2017-06-06T14:08:00 * Location: North Sea/Skagerrak * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

LP20170606-23 * Latitude: 53.745330 * Longitude: 7.126333 * Date/Time: 2017-06-09T10:53:25 * Elevation: -12.0 m * Location: North Sea/Skagerrak * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

LP20170606-25 * Latitude: 53.832750 * Longitude: 7.212767 * Date/Time: 2017-06-10T08:48:32 * Elevation: -22.0 m * Location: North Sea/Skagerrak * Campaign: * Basis: Ludwig Prandtl * Method/Device: Box corer (BC)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Apel, Christina
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Apel, Christina
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Apel, Christina
4	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Apel, Christina		Geocode
5	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Apel, Christina
6	Date/Time of event	Date/Time		Apel, Christina
7	3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor	4MBC	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.1 ng/g dw
8	Benzophenone-3	BP-3	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.01 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.03 ng/g dw
9	2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone	BP-12	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection for campaign R1509, LP20170606 and MSM50: 0.01 ng/g dw. Limit of detection for campaign LP20170904: 0.08 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification for campaign R1509: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification for campaign LP20170606 and MSM50: 0.04 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification for campaign LP20170904: 0.26 ng/g dw
10	4-tert-butyl-4'methoxy-dibenzoylmethane	BM-DBM	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.09 ng/g dw
11	Octyl methoxycinnamate	OMC	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
12	Ethyl hexyl salicylate	EHS	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.1 ng/g dw
13	Homosalate	HMS	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.01 ng/g dw
14	4,4'Bis(dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine	HALS-445	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.01 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.03 ng/g dw
15	Isoamyl methoxycinnamate	IAMC	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
16	Octocrylene	OC	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
17	4-(Dimethylamino)benzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester	OD-PABA	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.002 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.007 ng/g dw
18	2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol	UV-P	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
19	2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazoles	UV-PS	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
20	2-[2Hydroxy-3,5-di-(1,1-dimethylbenzyl)]-2-H-benzotriazole	UV-234	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
21	2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole	UV-320	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.01 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.03 ng/g dw
22	2-tert-Butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-methylphenol	UV-326	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.04 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.13 ng/g dw
23	2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol	UV-327	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.1 ng/g dw
24	2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol	UV-328	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
25	2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol	UV-329	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.07 ng/g dw
26	2-(2'hydroxy-3's-butyl-5't-butyl-phenyl)-benzotriazole	UV-350	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.01 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.03 ng/g dw
27	2,2'metlylene bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)phenol]	UV-360	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.03 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.11 ng/g dw
28	Ethylhexyl triazone	EHT	ng/g	Apel, Christina	Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), combination of GPC, silica and other cleanup procedures (cleanup), coupled liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)	dry weight, measured in total sediment. Limit of detection: 0.02 ng/g dw. Limit of quantification: 0.08 ng/g dw

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

1205 data points

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