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Laukert, Georgi; Makhotin, Mikhail; Petrova, Mariia V; Vesman, Anna; Frank, Martin; Hathorne, Ed C; Bauch, Dorothea; Böning, Philipp; Kassens, Heidemarie; Ivanov, Vladimir (2018): Dissolved neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions and rare earth element (REE) concentrations along with stable oxygen isotope compositions measured on water bottle samples collected during PU2014 to the Barents Sea in 2014 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895123, Supplement to: Laukert, Georgi; Makhotin, Mikhail; Petrova, Mariia V; Frank, Martin; Hathorne, Ed C; Bauch, Dorothea; Böning, Philipp; Kassens, Heidemarie (2019): Water mass transformation in the Barents Sea inferred from radiogenic neodymium isotopes, rare earth elements and stable oxygen isotopes. Chemical Geology, 511, 416-430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.10.002

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Abstract:
Nearly half the inflow of warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) to the Arctic Ocean is substantially cooled and freshened in the Barents Sea, which is therefore considered a key region for water mass transformation in the Arctic Mediterranean. Numerous studies have focused on this transformation and the increasing influence of AW on Arctic climate and biodiversity, yet geochemical investigations of these processes have been scarce. Using the first comprehensive data set of the distributions of dissolved radiogenic neodymium (Nd) isotopes (expressed as ɛNd), rare earth elements (REE) and stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) compositions from this region we are able to constrain the transport and transformation of AW in the Barents Sea and to investigate which processes change the chemical composition of the water masses beyond what is expected from circulation and mixing.
Inflowing AW and Norwegian Coastal Water (NCW) both exhibit distinctly unradiogenic ɛNd signatures of -12.4 and -14.5, respectively, whereas cold and dense Polar Water (PW) has considerably more radiogenic ɛNd signatures reaching up to -8.1. Locally formed Barents Sea Atlantic Water (BSAW) and Barents Sea Arctic Atlantic Water (BSAAW) are encountered in the northeastern Barents Sea and have intermediate ɛNd values resulting from admixture of PW containing small amounts of riverine freshwater from the Ob (< ~1.1 %) to AW and NCW. Similar to the Laptev Sea, the dissolved Nd isotope composition in the Barents Sea seems to be mainly controlled by water mass advection and mixing despite its shallow water depth. Strikingly, the BSAW and BSAAW are marked by the lowest REE concentrations reaching 11 pmol/kg for Nd ([Nd]), which in contrast to the Nd isotopes, cannot be attributed to the admixture of REE-rich Ob freshwater to AW or NCW ([Nd] = 16.7, and 22 pmol/kg, respectively) and instead reflects REE removal from the dissolved phase with preferential removal of the light over the heavy REEs. The REE removal is, however, not explainable by estuarine REE behavior alone, suggesting that scavenging by (re)suspended (biogenic) particles occurs locally in the Barents Sea. Regardless of the exact cause of REE depletion, we show that AW transformation is accompanied by geochemical changes independent of water mass mixing.
Related to:
Makhotin, Mikhail; Ivanov, Vladimir (2016): Circulation of the Atlantic water in the Barents Sea based on hydrological survey data and numerical simulation. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia, 361, 169-191
Makhotin, Mikhail; Ivanov, Vladimir (2018): Physical oceanography and inorganic nutrients in the Barents Sea from 2012-2014. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.895390
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 76.613375 * Median Longitude: 45.314000 * South-bound Latitude: 71.299000 * West-bound Longitude: 33.477000 * North-bound Latitude: 79.527000 * East-bound Longitude: 58.514000
Date/Time Start: 2014-06-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-06-24T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, water: 5.000 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 351.830 m
Event(s):
PU2014/042  * Latitude: 71.299000 * Longitude: 33.477000 * Date/Time: 2014-06-07T00:00:00 * Elevation: -250.0 m * Campaign: PU2014 * Basis: Professor Molchanov * Method/Device: CTD/Rosette (CTD-RO)
PU2014/049  * Latitude: 73.500000 * Longitude: 33.498000 * Date/Time: 2014-06-08T00:00:00 * Elevation: -286.0 m * Campaign: PU2014 * Basis: Professor Molchanov * Method/Device: CTD/Rosette (CTD-RO)
PU2014/054  * Latitude: 76.001000 * Longitude: 33.507000 * Date/Time: 2014-06-09T00:00:00 * Elevation: -310.0 m * Campaign: PU2014 * Basis: Professor Molchanov * Method/Device: CTD/Rosette (CTD-RO)
Comment:
Further Projects:
The Transpolar System of the Arctic Ocean (TRANSDRIFT)
The Changing Arctic Transpolar System (CATS)
Arctic Floating University 2014 (“Плавучий Университет”)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEventMakhotin, Mikhail
Date/Time of eventDate/TimeMakhotin, Mikhail
Latitude of eventLatitudeMakhotin, Mikhail
Longitude of eventLongitudeMakhotin, Mikhail
Elevation of eventElevationmMakhotin, Mikhail
DEPTH, waterDepth watermMakhotin, MikhailGeocode
Pressure, waterPressdbarLaukert, GeorgiCalculated
Density, sigma-theta (0)Sigma-thetakg/m3Laukert, GeorgiCalculated
Density, sigma500Sigma500kg/m3Laukert, GeorgiCalculated
10 Temperature, waterTemp°CMakhotin, Mikhail
11 Temperature, water, potentialTpot°CLaukert, GeorgiCalculated
12 SalinitySalMakhotin, MikhailCTD
13 SalinitySalLaukert, Georgisample
14 pHpHMakhotin, Mikhail
15 OxygenO2µmol/lMakhotin, MikhailRecalculated from ml/l by using (ml/l)*44.66
16 Oxygen saturationO2 sat%Makhotin, Mikhail
17 SilicateSi(OH)4µmol/lMakhotin, Mikhail
18 Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/lMakhotin, Mikhail
19 δ18O, waterδ18O H2O‰ SMOWBauch, Dorothea
20 Neodymium, dissolvedNd disspmol/kgLaukert, GeorgiIsotope dilution
21 Neodymium, dissolvedNd disspmol/kgLaukert, GeorgiIsotope dilutionrepeat
22 Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio143Nd/144NdLaukert, Georgi
23 ε-Neodymiumε-NdLaukert, Georgi
24 Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, standard deviation143Nd/144Nd std dev±Laukert, Georgi2sigma
25 ε-Neodymium, standard deviationε-Nd std dev±Laukert, Georgi2sigma
26 Yttrium, dissolvedY disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
27 Lanthanum, dissolvedLa disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
28 Cerium, dissolvedCe disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
29 Praseodymium, dissolvedPr disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
30 Neodymium, dissolvedNd disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
31 Samarium, dissolvedSm disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
32 Europium, dissolvedEu disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
33 Gadolinium, dissolvedGd disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
34 Terbium, dissolvedTb disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
35 Dysprosium, dissolvedDy disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
36 Holmium, dissolvedHo disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
37 Erbium, dissolvedEr disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
38 Thulium, dissolvedTm disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
39 Ytterbium, dissolvedYb disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
40 Lutetium, dissolvedLu disspmol/kgLaukert, Georgi
41 ClassificationClassificationLaukert, Georgiwater mass classification after Laukert et al. 2018
Size:
1023 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation [m]

Depth water [m]

Press [dbar]
(Calculated)

Sigma-theta [kg/m3]
(Calculated)

Sigma500 [kg/m3]
(Calculated)
10 
Temp [°C]
11 
Tpot [°C]
(Calculated)
12 
Sal
(CTD)
13 
Sal
(sample)
14 
pH
15 
O2 [µmol/l]
(Recalculated from ml/l by usi...)
16 
O2 sat [%]
17 
Si(OH)4 [µmol/l]
18 
[PO4]3- [µmol/l]
19 
δ18O H2O [‰ SMOW]
20 
Nd diss [pmol/kg]
(Isotope dilution)
21 
Nd diss [pmol/kg]
(repeat, Isotope dilution)
22 
143Nd/144Nd
23 
ε-Nd
24 
143Nd/144Nd std dev [±]
(2sigma)
25 
ε-Nd std dev [±]
(2sigma)
26 
Y diss [pmol/kg]
27 
La diss [pmol/kg]
28 
Ce diss [pmol/kg]
29 
Pr diss [pmol/kg]
30 
Nd diss [pmol/kg]
31 
Sm diss [pmol/kg]
32 
Eu diss [pmol/kg]
33 
Gd diss [pmol/kg]
34 
Tb diss [pmol/kg]
35 
Dy diss [pmol/kg]
36 
Ho diss [pmol/kg]
37 
Er diss [pmol/kg]
38 
Tm diss [pmol/kg]
39 
Yb diss [pmol/kg]
40 
Lu diss [pmol/kg]
41 
Classification
(water mass classification aft...)
PU2014/042 2014-06-07T00:00:0071.299033.4770-2505.0005.05427.1529.445.8005.7995934.44634.4547.957343.106110.4000.360.4870.1322.7522.620.511896-14.480.0000180.36139.0530.8917.285.4623.024.140.865.520.816.311.535.070.724.700.80NCW
PU2014/0422014-06-07T00:00:0071.299033.4770-250100.990102.09427.4229.734.2914.2832434.55934.5777.839302.38993.9003.900.9630.1722.350.511895-14.490.0000180.36142.0130.6515.375.4223.104.220.915.230.856.211.464.970.694.810.76NCW
PU2014/0422014-06-07T00:00:0071.299033.4770-250161.610163.40627.5629.874.6734.6603834.73734.8107.849299.30193.9005.281.0630.2620.150.511933-13.740.0000090.17132.5125.6211.604.7519.834.100.814.790.745.771.464.480.704.570.75AW-NCW
PU2014/0422014-06-07T00:00:0071.299033.4770-250220.840223.32527.6329.934.9974.9792934.96234.9387.836293.80693.1005.401.1120.2921.250.511939-13.630.0000180.36135.2726.8711.904.9721.203.940.844.960.876.121.525.060.624.400.75AW-NCW
PU2014/049 2014-06-08T00:00:0073.500033.4980-2865.0005.05427.6229.925.0004.9996134.98934.9368.006351.46188.2000.650.5160.2718.540.511975-12.930.0000100.19136.3724.5411.764.5720.454.280.794.450.735.471.484.770.654.640.73AW-NCW
PU2014/0492014-06-08T00:00:0073.500033.4980-28651.11051.67327.7530.064.4724.4686635.03935.0197.871314.90098.5004.001.0820.2918.180.511977-12.890.0000090.17133.5222.719.934.3018.363.560.854.930.785.271.384.610.644.400.77AW
PU2014/0492014-06-08T00:00:0073.500033.4980-286141.360142.93727.8030.114.0924.0819335.04635.0267.856321.98799.8004.810.9430.2817.980.511986-12.730.0000140.26131.3822.159.904.2118.074.400.824.620.715.271.434.790.664.130.70AW
PU2014/0492014-06-08T00:00:0073.500033.4980-286266.930269.99627.9730.311.9811.9660435.02134.9927.816323.30195.1005.840.8940.2816.080.511991-12.620.0000220.43128.7521.519.883.8016.793.560.714.830.735.171.384.370.634.590.70AW
PU2014/054 2014-06-09T00:00:0076.001033.5070-31011.03511.15627.4129.78-0.023-0.0233234.14134.1377.983379.740105.3000.340.2880.2815.050.512045-11.570.0000110.21120.5919.058.293.1314.983.210.634.420.624.731.204.550.533.820.64PW
PU2014/0542014-06-09T00:00:0076.001033.5070-31080.71081.61027.9930.331.9061.9012535.03035.0097.891354.416104.1001.400.6160.2916.320.512016-12.140.0000090.17142.9222.7912.264.0417.763.940.684.080.765.551.405.040.773.910.78AW
PU2014/0542014-06-09T00:00:0076.001033.5070-310151.420153.13428.0130.351.7671.7587835.04435.0267.790341.51899.9003.621.0030.3216.020.512024-11.980.0000110.21124.9118.899.223.4116.022.930.694.140.684.781.354.500.604.240.68AW
PU2014/0542014-06-09T00:00:0076.001033.5070-310286.350289.68528.0930.450.8130.7999635.04535.0407.759320.31991.4006.820.9340.3015.140.512011-12.220.0000110.21130.0620.5410.953.7015.533.650.704.030.624.961.314.300.624.220.73AW
PU2014/099 2014-06-20T00:00:0077.682046.8800-23911.48011.60327.5229.90-0.527-0.5271534.25334.2438.078386.942105.9000.650.2480.1914.000.512079-10.900.0000130.26124.6318.636.633.3214.282.900.574.140.665.071.184.290.603.730.65PW
PU2014/0992014-06-20T00:00:0077.682046.8800-23961.67062.35827.9030.30-1.701-1.7018634.74334.6627.828351.07893.4001.600.8340.1814.6214.190.512092-10.640.0000120.23124.9618.066.853.0013.262.880.703.990.684.581.244.140.613.780.66PW
PU2014/0992014-06-20T00:00:0077.682046.8800-239126.490127.92528.0630.420.5850.5798934.94334.9877.825316.38889.6004.081.1220.2714.140.512039-11.680.0000130.26129.8419.676.113.2815.203.370.693.770.694.871.424.750.574.280.69BSAW
PU2014/0992014-06-20T00:00:0077.682046.8800-239176.140178.16028.0530.410.3480.3407034.98634.9527.836342.39996.5004.760.9930.2517.6918.300.512023-12.000.0000130.25128.2119.887.853.1215.283.090.663.990.654.781.354.330.584.310.67BSAW
PU2014/115 2014-06-22T00:00:0077.345058.5140-20611.09011.21527.7230.090.0630.0625934.54934.5278.014384.131107.1000.670.2420.2015.080.512036-11.740.0000130.26130.4120.878.393.5616.233.600.604.570.685.271.264.540.654.210.67PW
PU2014/1152014-06-22T00:00:0077.345058.5140-20651.39051.96627.9330.32-1.206-1.2075634.78234.7147.836334.92690.4000.890.8590.2315.940.512035-11.760.0000170.33130.6119.428.123.4815.173.400.664.330.674.971.314.400.604.480.77PW
PU2014/1152014-06-22T00:00:0077.345058.5140-206126.350127.78528.0330.400.1210.1163634.93334.9187.817353.39298.9006.820.8590.2513.050.512035-11.770.0000130.26130.2319.346.513.2214.423.140.764.690.715.111.214.460.644.080.72BSAW
PU2014/1152014-06-22T00:00:0077.345058.5140-206176.270178.29028.0730.440.003-0.0037634.94634.9597.805327.23191.4009.540.9340.2715.310.512019-12.070.0000130.26129.0720.9010.013.5415.343.700.864.500.644.811.254.610.664.190.65BSAW
PU2014/119 2014-06-23T00:00:0078.058056.4130-17710.66010.77427.6129.98-0.280-0.2800134.40034.3647.892365.465100.8004.410.6090.1216.770.512203-8.480.0000150.29137.8519.978.843.5016.963.770.885.080.855.681.494.970.664.750.75PW
PU2014/1192014-06-23T00:00:0078.058056.4130-17751.10051.66727.8530.24-1.636-1.6366534.65834.5957.812352.75794.0007.300.8590.1516.340.512222-8.120.0000130.26134.5918.216.023.3115.153.510.854.770.775.691.415.180.674.840.79PW
PU2014/1192014-06-23T00:00:0078.058056.4130-177101.300102.44427.9130.29-0.847-0.8495634.72234.7067.765328.97589.7009.080.9170.1615.650.512205-8.450.0000130.26141.1218.496.093.3216.823.540.864.030.805.951.495.490.675.100.73PW
PU2014/1192014-06-23T00:00:0078.058056.4130-177161.500163.34427.9730.36-1.135-1.1391934.79034.7677.760320.66386.7009.550.9340.1814.950.512169-9.150.0000130.26141.0719.064.833.4716.423.650.794.490.775.521.504.990.674.830.76PW
PU2014/126 2014-06-23T00:00:0079.527051.6420-430151.560153.29827.9730.36-1.805-1.8082034.76934.7347.806346.44896.2005.320.8090.1814.300.512166-9.200.0000130.26125.0717.915.663.1815.173.180.664.380.575.071.354.590.654.330.73PW
PU2014/1262014-06-23T00:00:0079.527051.6420-430351.830356.02028.0730.44-0.146-0.1597134.89534.9447.658301.97983.30016.531.0920.2611.000.512118-10.150.0000130.26112.8814.491.992.3311.311.960.613.270.533.891.134.040.583.790.60BSAAW
PU2014/129 2014-06-24T00:00:0079.495048.5810-31010.83010.95027.7430.11-0.043-0.0430934.60134.5457.989400.208107.9000.600.2170.1715.370.512172-9.080.0000200.39138.9719.767.243.5016.854.070.894.480.796.271.465.100.694.580.72PW
PU2014/1292014-06-24T00:00:0079.495048.5810-310101.000102.14627.9330.32-1.204-1.2070434.75734.7147.793349.89095.0003.620.7340.1814.900.512178-8.970.0000130.26138.8218.355.533.4315.533.650.714.480.695.751.514.650.664.680.73PW
PU2014/1292014-06-24T00:00:0079.495048.5810-310151.970153.71527.9730.36-0.918-0.9221034.79734.7827.766345.02094.4006.720.8090.1814.410.512159-9.340.0000140.27139.1618.175.563.2815.173.320.754.600.675.341.434.650.644.270.78PW
PU2014/1292014-06-24T00:00:0079.495048.5810-310201.310203.63628.0130.40-0.954-0.9603834.83034.8317.652339.68495.0005.490.8000.2112.680.512147-9.580.0000110.21124.6116.787.212.6712.942.780.683.510.644.731.234.510.584.570.68BSAAW