Citation:

j.quascirev.2018.08.004

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Abstract:

We present X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Scanner measurements from a 6 m long sediment core (GeoB12624-1) on the upper slope of Tanzania to reconstruct the climatic evolution in East Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Log-ratios of Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca are indicative for sediment discharge of the Rufiji River, which is controlled by climatic conditions in the Rufiji catchment area. The most significant changes in major elemental composition occurred at 15.1 and 7.4 ka highlighted by the regime shift index values. The data set records distinct precipitation peaks during the early Holocene. This corresponds a maximum in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation and results in a transition from the arid LGM to the humid early Holocene. Our geochemical record also indicates that this climatic transition was interrupted by two severe droughts that occurred during NH cold intervals: the Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1) and the Younger Dryas (YD). Through a comparison with other nearby paleoclimatic records, we suggest that arid climatic conditions only occurred in East Africa north of 8–10°S, whereas in southern East Africa around 15–20°S increased humidity during the HS1 and YD prevailed. We thus conclude that these two drought events were caused by a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) which was fostered by the NH cooling during the HS1 and YD. Hence, our new geochemical record clearly documents that the East African climate not only responded to low-latitude insolation forcing on sub-orbital time scales, but also, was strongly influenced by high-latitude cooling during the HS1 and YD periods.

Project(s):

Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)

Coverage:

Latitude: -8.234160 * Longitude: 39.752660

Date/Time Start: 2008-02-23T06:34:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-02-23T06:34:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.01 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 5.69 m

Event(s):

GeoB12624-1 (M75/2_115-1) * Latitude: -8.234160 * Longitude: 39.752660 * Date/Time: 2008-02-23T06:34:00 * Elevation: -655.0 m * Recovery: 6 m * Location: Area South of Mafia Island * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: Gravity corer (Kiel type) (SL) * Comment: off the Rufiji Delta

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Liu, Xi-Ting		Geocode
2	AGE	Age	ka BP	Liu, Xi-Ting		Geocode
3	Aluminium, area, total counts	Al count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
4	Silicon, area, total counts	Si count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
5	Potassium, area, total counts	K count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
6	Calcium, area, total counts	Ca count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
7	Titanium, area, total counts	Ti count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
8	Iron, area, total counts	Fe count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)
9	Barium, area, total counts	Ba count	#	Liu, Xi-Ting	X-ray fluorescence core scanner (XRF) II, Bremen, (AVAATECH)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1960 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth sed [m]	2 Age [ka BP]	3 Al count [#]	4 Si count [#]	5 K count [#]	6 Ca count [#]	7 Ti count [#]	8 Fe count [#]	9 Ba count [#]
0.01	2.520	845	7961	5867	99671	3026	28399	1573
0.03	2.632	1312	10615	7314	118318	3718	32972	2270
0.05	2.743	1906	15688	9880	102746	4725	40849	2552
0.07	2.854	1915	16781	10707	97912	4843	39000	2653
0.09	2.965	1249	11327	8169	101099	3761	31521	2097
0.11	3.077	1790	14467	8233	92158	3908	34262	2280
0.13	3.188	1368	12514	8241	105167	3934	30401	2183
0.15	3.299	1944	15448	9785	96600	4449	34870	2378
0.17	3.410	2208	17518	10870	91083	4995	39334	2667
0.19	3.521	2144	17157	10382	92054	4966	40773	2533
0.21	3.633	2245	17264	10162	96035	4925	41492	2560
0.23	3.744	2204	17625	10742	80316	5724	43947	2957
0.25	3.855	2162	17583	11366	81196	5335	39072	2857
0.27	3.966	2208	17297	10560	93420	4567	38689	2814
0.29	4.078	2137	17465	10883	84085	5036	41293	3109
0.31	4.189	2156	18144	11343	79893	5161	42865	2933
0.33	4.300	1955	17114	11260	73633	5077	40250	3135
0.35	4.411	2155	18041	11287	72778	5296	39896	3124
0.37	4.523	2251	19507	12209	55413	5724	47478	3371
0.39	4.634	1612	16429	11796	62037	5137	38315	3697
0.41	4.745	1839	17688	11528	55214	5408	41054	3180
0.43	4.856	2249	18164	11698	68719	5580	43025	3082
0.45	4.967	2131	17629	11412	59475	5651	46729	3052
0.47	5.079	2149	17741	11364	62139	5873	46286	2792
0.49	5.190	2023	17671	11534	50391	5513	43771	3326
0.51	5.301	1894	17543	11140	47114	5683	40905	3482
0.53	5.412	2289	18060	11334	52711	5877	46552	2973
0.55	5.524	2116	18135	11548	49810	5863	48425	2811
0.57	5.635	2235	17510	11173	47715	5842	48658	2735
0.59	5.746	2506	18369	10438	46611	5653	50803	2898
0.61	5.857	2464	18826	11408	48648	5960	48567	2923
0.63	5.968	2367	18013	10883	37516	6057	52725	2479
0.65	6.080	2329	18227	11460	39857	6225	50109	2817
0.67	6.191	2676	19449	11719	35009	6746	58506	2356
0.69	6.302	2410	19613	12322	34465	6139	50200	2627
0.71	6.413	2162	18752	11398	63108	5213	40718	3100
0.73	6.525	2362	19371	12040	23133	6170	46255	3552
0.75	6.636	2501	19436	11920	33126	6591	52183	2702
0.77	6.747	2461	18468	11236	32793	6428	55390	2688
0.79	6.858	2616	20271	11994	27930	6714	58364	2627
0.81	6.970	2372	19052	12426	25023	6441	54936	2853
0.83	7.081	2768	19401	11656	35152	6442	56777	2298
0.85	7.192	2186	15642	9404	30494	5794	52039	2319
0.87	7.303	2581	18100	10403	52530	6009	51628	2522
0.89	7.414	2084	15419	10653	26715	6519	61308	2101
0.91	7.526	2370	17743	11230	20863	5976	55398	2571
0.93	7.637	1989	16941	11382	16611	5173	45157	3204
0.95	7.748	2369	16480	9655	23547	5450	47851	2760
0.97	7.859	1799	13209	8675	28507	5499	50706	1891
1.01	8.082	1245	8779	8813	21383	5382	56805	1846
1.03	8.193	1545	12407	10398	20656	6210	61508	2139
1.05	8.304	1411	12223	9584	23872	5338	52124	1520
1.07	8.416	1466	12079	9152	22032	5356	55033	1478
1.09	8.527	1372	9948	7752	20961	4732	49271	1484
1.11	8.638	1049	8712	7986	22728	4841	49502	1318
1.13	8.749	988	9231	8357	25572	4623	50847	1391
1.15	8.860	1055	9526	8744	28103	4989	53859	1893
1.17	8.972	1469	12561	10127	28287	5652	58846	1792
1.19	9.083	1713	13661	10523	33678	5778	59097	1828
1.21	9.194	2094	15590	10763	33063	6277	65138	2141
1.23	9.305	2157	16658	11441	37455	6639	66554	2061
1.25	9.373	1888	14330	9427	30750	5411	50725	2012
1.27	9.397	2422	18875	12380	33126	6414	56631	2972
1.29	9.422	2427	18629	12515	26786	6435	57244	3748
1.31	9.446	2082	17217	12703	22433	6299	56291	3610
1.33	9.470	1900	15242	11826	26937	6568	59327	2563
1.35	9.495	1950	15108	10894	30636	6275	60816	2236
1.37	9.519	1905	15059	11258	29261	6426	57992	2597
1.39	9.543	1876	14339	10306	28909	6452	62721	2125
1.41	9.567	1849	13714	10419	29948	6312	61196	2219
1.43	9.592	2088	15340	10853	28346	6648	65802	2129
1.45	9.616	2249	16507	11881	26978	7301	68695	2320
1.47	9.640	2349	17331	11620	21325	7485	70394	2041
1.49	9.664	1888	16147	11091	19775	6010	61231	2631
1.51	9.689	2342	17714	11505	22060	7217	65107	2114
1.53	9.713	2680	18188	11114	19771	7126	74546	2038
1.55	9.737	2334	17925	11801	25116	6858	63722	2406
1.57	9.762	2721	19439	11842	24327	7069	67431	2098
1.59	9.786	2388	17754	11477	22981	6812	64723	2284
1.61	9.810	2116	15842	10993	21517	7055	68642	1872
1.63	9.834	2214	15769	10380	19441	7075	70272	1879
1.65	9.859	2260	15736	10310	23128	6651	66356	1781
1.67	9.883	2392	17194	10705	22976	6946	68953	2112
1.69	9.907	2236	16017	10662	21361	7038	71620	1876
1.71	9.932	2394	17389	11565	23736	7240	69062	2411
1.73	9.956	2293	16370	11422	22287	7096	68058	2215
1.75	9.980	2394	17826	11900	21498	7251	67222	2349
1.77	10.004	1877	15185	11287	22056	7185	69782	2305
1.79	10.029	1702	13044	10079	19487	6780	71096	2015
1.81	10.053	2129	14813	11160	21143	7003	70257	2291
1.83	10.077	2199	15468	11170	18991	7108	71022	2054
1.85	10.102	2126	16144	11225	15066	7519	73205	1865
1.87	10.126	1947	14098	10720	17443	6890	67630	2035
1.89	10.150	2416	16338	11225	15148	7553	70128	2349
1.91	10.174	2025	20057	12724	11903	6004	47401	3182
1.93	10.199	1933	14406	10713	14459	6874	68438	2056
1.95	10.223	1962	13684	9722	12828	6710	65817	1814
1.97	10.247	2536	17592	10993	17448	6850	67574	2134
2.01	10.296	2034	16159	13441	10356	7282	66865	3216
2.03	10.320	1208	14231	9988	7943	3597	33357	2853
2.05	10.344	867	11522	7898	7215	3143	22200	3010
2.07	10.369	490	10610	7579	7277	1986	13172	4541
2.09	10.393	2738	18959	11952	11044	7631	74006	2404
2.11	10.418	2465	17775	11750	12601	7701	76072	2060
2.13	10.443	1660	11272	7213	8174	5490	52535	1585
2.15	10.468	2358	16714	10872	16564	7399	71297	2204
2.17	10.494	2251	16022	11206	17197	7088	70849	2235
2.19	10.519	2101	15794	11163	13225	7277	71380	2228
2.21	10.545	1569	14567	11806	9576	6100	56994	3061
2.23	10.570	2176	16345	11651	13230	7195	65251	2304
2.25	10.595	2146	15191	11244	9131	7006	68903	2548
2.27	10.621	1731	13880	10760	9021	6158	63314	2609
2.29	10.646	2028	14929	10520	9578	6937	71110	2270
2.31	10.671	2006	14838	11179	8617	7468	71712	1988
2.33	10.697	2113	14772	10163	9483	6902	68503	1913
2.35	10.722	1880	13343	10458	8324	7233	77488	1641
2.37	10.748	1901	14369	10702	14859	7150	67528	2548
2.39	10.773	1904	14084	10761	13066	6835	69861	2119
2.41	10.798	1946	14325	10794	11632	7549	74667	1883
2.43	10.824	1880	13502	10617	11611	7170	72747	1746
2.45	10.849	1874	13535	10046	9977	7268	71121	1830
2.47	10.874	1949	14592	10764	10823	7375	74089	2088
2.49	10.900	1670	13364	10615	9799	7115	68591	2267
2.51	10.925	2023	14934	10783	11118	7291	69979	1859
2.53	10.951	1807	13199	10468	7872	7276	74699	1896
2.55	10.976	1439	13465	10836	7558	6690	64348	2502
2.57	11.001	1347	14340	10877	7356	4888	50995	3291
2.59	11.027	2039	15774	12044	11102	6703	56073	3501
2.61	11.052	1728	14550	10707	9979	6073	50164	3434
2.63	11.078	1717	13783	10777	8972	5985	50155	3626
2.65	11.103	2210	15821	10668	10088	7279	71254	2032
2.67	11.128	1831	12976	9730	7081	6975	79019	2025
2.69	11.154	1692	12995	10193	7978	7069	71557	2429
2.71	11.179	1873	13891	10742	7548	7333	75454	2151
2.73	11.204	2286	16263	11157	9073	7645	75143	1815
2.75	11.230	2688	17926	11652	10990	7536	73623	1775
2.77	11.255	2497	17349	11140	9816	7212	71039	2114
2.79	11.281	2499	18099	11599	9148	7589	73903	1809
2.81	11.306	2467	18308	11831	7992	7958	74615	1965
2.83	11.331	2844	18415	11166	5753	7704	80458	1362
2.85	11.357	2766	19137	11707	9713	7979	75987	2103
2.87	11.382	3050	19987	12389	7137	7899	74221	2123
2.89	11.407	2803	18978	12443	10997	7966	73085	2101
2.91	11.433	2743	18656	12006	9815	7897	76422	2036
2.93	11.458	2300	16819	11629	16439	7347	70722	2143
2.95	11.484	2657	17536	10675	7103	7412	78522	1422
2.97	11.509	2110	14651	10794	7979	7613	77228	1766
3.01	11.559	2392	16970	10587	17977	6856	72793	1714
3.03	11.582	2792	19043	11357	20078	7227	74220	1648
3.05	11.606	3177	19984	11426	17601	7465	77926	1626
3.07	11.629	3056	20275	11641	13859	7436	78695	1900
3.09	11.653	3308	20421	11533	12462	7828	78866	1727
3.11	11.676	2994	19049	11341	10613	7638	77365	1720
3.13	11.700	2954	18546	10952	9648	7665	79873	1600
3.15	11.723	2806	18621	11488	10996	7585	82429	1684
3.17	11.747	2679	17288	10907	12931	7197	75541	1915
3.19	11.770	2572	18322	11607	14524	7261	69318	1889
3.21	11.794	2782	18566	11391	14052	7025	73769	1887
3.23	11.817	2949	19146	11180	9999	8025	76027	1556
3.25	11.841	2685	17293	11235	8787	7871	77687	1846
3.27	11.864	2812	18594	11011	9441	7349	81856	1850
3.29	11.888	2525	17337	10465	7814	7128	78228	1845
3.31	11.911	2946	18592	10605	10543	7766	76936	1827
3.33	11.935	2653	18167	10471	12814	7538	72940	1363
3.35	11.958	2711	17866	9936	13975	7330	73452	1565
3.37	11.982	2994	19145	10291	13921	7172	72119	1710
3.39	12.005	3124	19791	10598	15716	7288	73216	1651
3.41	12.029	2691	17187	9920	10475	7328	75654	1534
3.43	12.052	2047	14148	9194	9707	6663	72330	1579
3.45	12.076	2926	19112	10228	8422	7135	74246	1680
3.47	12.099	2548	16525	10101	8334	7060	77787	1744
3.49	12.123	2382	16403	10403	11485	6873	69875	1876
3.51	12.147	2803	18306	10327	14273	7209	72160	1710
3.53	12.170	2761	17789	10349	16397	7309	74092	1516
3.55	12.194	2912	18861	10056	14509	7027	73220	1845
3.57	12.217	2281	17217	10814	13998	6378	63151	2640
3.59	12.241	2812	19495	11189	12343	7320	72448	2014
3.61	12.264	2925	18857	11001	17169	7190	72899	1678
3.63	12.288	2400	16383	10132	13904	6902	71796	1753
3.65	12.311	2751	18131	9892	17407	6718	72691	1799
3.67	12.335	3150	19776	10227	18703	7275	72523	1571
3.69	12.358	2672	17540	10255	22934	6923	72965	1997
3.71	12.382	2837	18407	10492	10343	7495	76886	1801
3.73	12.405	1905	14544	10215	11478	6022	63969	2824
3.75	12.429	2829	18158	10967	22316	6939	70592	1701
3.77	12.452	2470	17092	10335	25993	7171	71044	1904
3.79	12.476	2797	17632	10498	28202	6902	69241	1922
3.81	12.499	2359	15747	10611	19851	6610	66859	1838
3.83	12.523	2689	17662	10526	23069	6812	68993	2007
3.85	12.546	3039	18426	10444	16345	7279	76535	1861
3.87	12.570	2759	18085	9975	20306	7422	71513	1708
3.89	12.593	2985	18797	10546	28236	6958	70831	1659
3.91	12.617	2751	17823	10094	27012	6597	69834	1563
3.93	12.640	2306	15518	9418	21187	6463	70143	1729
3.95	12.664	2471	16326	9356	28529	6090	59896	1775
3.97	12.687	2757	17669	10195	24698	7149	69459	1912
4.01	12.767	3399	21188	11614	19200	7860	78014	1693
4.03	12.812	3067	19672	10958	17358	7010	72655	1572
4.05	12.857	3207	20396	11427	20458	7442	75388	1816
4.07	12.902	2986	19812	11256	10077	7790	83183	1757
4.09	12.947	3109	19773	11239	14421	7496	78454	1840
4.11	12.992	3484	21905	11363	15904	7528	76581	1710
4.13	13.037	3207	21573	11436	15120	7560	77694	1610
4.15	13.082	3490	21814	11455	14455	7998	75819	1424
4.17	13.127	3455	22423	11564	16683	7890	78908	1464
4.19	13.172	3370	21736	11165	18050	7966	75564	1906
4.21	13.218	3474	23352	12363	10874	7745	70101	2410
4.23	13.263	3529	22930	11758	12078	8184	81059	1753
4.25	13.308	3541	22493	11376	21046	7515	75248	1821
4.27	13.353	3387	20905	11333	17240	7533	78203	1652
4.29	13.398	3190	20354	11246	11770	7759	80848	1494
4.31	13.443	3469	20961	10919	12298	7702	77497	1512
4.33	13.488	3562	23356	11451	13826	7900	76336	1760
4.35	13.533	3262	20991	10983	18157	7492	74959	1500
4.37	13.578	3377	21023	11256	15387	7786	78720	1508
4.39	13.623	3237	20887	11219	24093	7812	73670	1652
4.41	13.668	3348	21213	11251	19731	7773	77811	1667
4.43	13.713	3159	20244	10745	14351	7558	79611	1452
4.45	13.759	3176	19754	10755	21141	7243	73457	1733
4.47	13.804	2921	18967	10260	28915	7270	72797	1526
4.49	13.849	3388	20575	10316	21456	7703	75138	1534
4.51	13.894	3139	20785	11253	16924	7713	77022	1709
4.53	13.939	2827	19385	10962	21561	7638	75199	1963
4.55	13.984	3002	19627	10398	27113	7572	72555	1646
4.57	14.029	3177	21738	10978	23737	7541	73845	1373
4.59	14.074	3091	20095	10907	24541	7660	77906	1717
4.61	14.119	3168	20585	11349	18425	8034	77062	1935
4.63	14.164	2978	20139	10764	18226	7603	77386	1720
4.65	14.209	3195	20967	11275	16951	7891	78196	1676
4.67	14.255	3078	20588	11268	25142	7765	75443	1660
4.69	14.300	3327	21193	10199	20216	6897	72029	1551
4.71	14.345	2535	17194	10042	29828	7470	73563	1441
4.73	14.390	2464	16855	9896	22010	7051	82939	1708
4.75	14.435	2675	18941	10458	23676	7968	76147	1557
4.77	14.480	3017	20420	11559	16895	7682	74573	1422
4.79	14.525	2908	19777	10912	9686	7986	79860	1508
4.81	14.570	3458	22423	11148	27595	7740	76512	1436
4.83	14.615	3473	23777	11402	23216	7858	76255	1733
4.85	14.660	3522	23678	11235	29975	7829	72475	1414
4.87	14.705	3740	24051	12312	15805	8245	71176	1988
4.89	14.750	3635	23552	11637	29997	7967	73249	1854
4.91	14.796	3522	22033	11448	19612	8106	75884	1520
4.93	14.841	3367	21781	11283	24200	7718	69847	1869
4.95	14.886	3485	22981	12185	18154	8430	69995	1823
4.97	14.931	3722	23717	12237	18783	8114	74112	1533
5.01	15.021	1640	11114	7612	8232	5811	52617	1017
5.03	15.066	3440	21129	11813	15766	8098	70505	1792
5.05	15.111	3186	19787	10910	20858	7337	66559	1520
5.07	15.156	3267	19935	11149	24661	7317	67018	1766
5.09	15.201	2732	18243	10495	26632	6897	64220	1752
5.11	15.246	3007	19294	10611	27556	7035	65406	1740
5.13	15.339	3128	19761	10410	26003	7078	62424	1648
5.15	15.480	3066	19308	10364	27654	7206	65472	1473
5.17	15.620	3065	19927	10716	33598	6913	63541	1815
5.19	15.761	2496	16694	10297	27050	6700	64219	1896
5.21	15.902	2917	19573	10810	29858	7136	62693	1667
5.23	16.042	2705	17899	10086	32592	6712	61672	1823
5.25	16.183	2527	16335	9622	29073	6440	60348	1710
5.27	16.323	2684	17669	9961	30101	6632	58690	1733
5.29	16.464	2844	18072	10585	29213	7275	60545	1878
5.31	16.605	2674	17016	10199	31881	6852	60385	1689
5.33	16.745	3127	20179	10814	32561	7383	62238	1885
5.35	16.886	2898	18646	10775	32354	6640	58174	1903
5.37	17.026	2862	17837	10592	33488	6615	58230	2011
5.39	17.167	2624	18122	10219	31986	6844	56743	1899
5.41	17.308	2575	16812	9884	33856	6565	60494	2044
5.43	17.448	2527	16892	9894	32732	6495	55301	2029
5.45	17.589	2629	18115	10255	31860	6587	54552	2183
5.47	17.729	2670	17381	10152	32257	6605	56597	2267
5.49	17.870	2724	17564	10098	28648	6672	61787	1811
5.51	18.010	2683	17623	9907	34573	6493	58378	1796
5.53	18.151	2348	15865	9389	35802	6589	56731	1712
5.55	18.292	2670	17124	9898	36071	6360	56333	1982
5.57	18.432	2800	18399	10287	39142	6381	58922	1912
5.59	18.573	2766	18472	10317	42174	6283	55510	1954
5.61	18.713	2720	18449	10136	37402	6515	58070	1714
5.63	18.854	2587	17119	9827	40117	6100	57220	1921
5.65	18.995	2587	16981	10171	37683	6639	58124	1877
5.67	19.135	2375	16345	9718	37983	6318	56371	2001
5.69	19.276	2331	14532	9008	31475	6046	57879	1716