Citation:

environsci.2017.6.788

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and the organic ligands released by Emiliania huxleyi
Published: 2017
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Other metabolic rates; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

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Abstract:

The variability in the extracellular release of organic ligands by Emiliania huxleyi under four different pCO2 scenarios (225, 350, 600 and 900 μatm), was determined. Growth in the batch cultures was promoted by enriching them only with major nutrients and low iron concentrations. No chelating agents were added to control metal speciation. During the initial (IP), exponential (EP) and steady (SP) phases, extracellular release rates, normalized per cell and day, of dissolved organic carbon (DOCER), phenolic compounds (PhCER), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHOER) and dissolved uronic acids (DUAER) in the exudates were determined.

The growth rate decreased in the highest CO2 treatment during the IP (＜48 h), but later increased when the exposure was longer (more than 6 days). DOCER did not increase significantly with high pCO2. Although no relationship was observed between DCCHOER and the CO2 conditions, DCCHO was a substantial fraction of the freshly released organic material, accounting for 18% to 37%, in EP, and 14% to 23%, in SP, of the DOC produced. Growth of E. huxleyi induced a strong response in the PhCER and DUAER. While in EP, PhCER were no detected, the DUAER remained almost constant for all CO2 treatments. Increases in the extracellular release of these organic ligands during SP were most pronounced under high pCO2 conditions. Our results imply that, during the final growth stage of E. huxleyi, elevated CO2 conditions will increase its excretion of acid polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, which may affect the biogeochemical behavior of metals in seawater.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Not applicable; Other metabolic rates; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2018-05-23.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena		study
2	Species	Species		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Experiment duration	Exp duration	days	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
6	Stage	Stage		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena		growth
7	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena		treatment
8	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
9	Growth rate, standard error	µ std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
10	Dissolved organic carbon extracellular release rate per cell	DOC ER/cell	fmol/#/day	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
11	Dissolved organic carbon extracellular release rate, standard error	DOC ER std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
12	Phenolic compounds extracellular release rate per cell	PhC ER/cell	fmol/#/day	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
13	Phenolic compounds extracellular release rate, standard error	PhC ER std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
14	Total dissolved combined carbohydrates extracellular release rate per cell	DCCHO ER/cell	fmol/#/day	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
15	Total dissolved combined carbohydrates extracellular release rate, standard error	DCCHO ER std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
16	Dissolved uronic acids extracellular release rate per cell	DUA ER/cell	fmol/#/day	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
17	Dissolved uronic acids extracellular release rate, standard error	DUA ER std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
18	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
19	Salinity	Sal		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
20	pH	pH		Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena		total scale
21	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
22	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
24	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
26	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Santana-Casiano, Juana Magdalena
27	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

388 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Exp duration [days]	6 Stage (growth)	7 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (treatment)	8 µ [1/day]	9 µ std e [±]	10 DOC ER/cell [fmol/#/day]	11 DOC ER std e [±]	12 PhC ER/cell [fmol/#/day]	13 PhC ER std e [±]	14 DCCHO ER/cell [fmol/#/day]	15 DCCHO ER std e [±]	16 DUA ER/cell [fmol/#/day]	17 DUA ER std e [±]	18 Temp [°C]	19 Sal	20 pH (total scale)	21 AT [µmol/kg]	22 AT std e [±]	23 DIC [µmol/kg]	24 DIC std e [±]	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	26 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±]	27 CSC flag	28 CO2 [µmol/kg]	29 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	30 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	31 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	32 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	33 DIC [µmol/kg]	34 Omega Arg	35 Omega Cal
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Initital phase (day 2)	225	1.12	0.03					38.86	5.94			25	35	8.25	2355.5	11.7	1886.8	19.0	223.2	1.2	8	6.33	222.93	223.65	1600.35	307.80	1914.47	4.88	7.41
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Initital phase (day 2)	350	1.18	0.06					34.59	6.92			25	35	8.10	2353.7	14.0	1991.6	16.2	351.4	3.9	8	9.86	347.33	348.44	1765.14	240.34	2015.34	3.81	5.79
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Initital phase (day 2)	600	1.15	0.04					35.39	6.42			25	35	7.90	2368.3	14.8	2106.6	18.1	607.7	5.3	8	17.33	610.52	612.48	1957.68	168.19	2143.21	2.67	4.05
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Initital phase (day 2)	900	1.07	0.06					35.08	4.82			25	35	7.75	2383.6	10.9	2196.3	12.8	917.8	12.6	8	25.96	914.51	917.44	2076.00	126.26	2228.23	2.00	3.04
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Exponential phase (day 5)	225	0.59	0.05	177.06	10.95			40.38	4.16	2.27	0.42	25	35	8.25	2355.5	11.7	1886.8	19.0	223.2	1.2	8	6.33	222.93	223.65	1600.35	307.80	1914.47	4.88	7.41
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Exponential phase (day 5)	350	0.60	0.04	186.84	52.96			45.43	7.20	2.36	0.46	25	35	8.10	2353.7	14.0	1991.6	16.2	351.4	3.9	8	9.86	347.33	348.44	1765.14	240.34	2015.34	3.81	5.79
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Exponential phase (day 5)	600	0.62	0.02	196.33	44.01			41.14	6.82	2.64	0.90	25	35	7.90	2368.3	14.8	2106.6	18.1	607.7	5.3	8	17.33	610.52	612.48	1957.68	168.19	2143.21	2.67	4.05
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Exponential phase (day 5)	900	0.60	0.05	209.74	50.00			41.00	3.49	2.35	0.61	25	35	7.75	2383.6	10.9	2196.3	12.8	917.8	12.6	8	25.96	914.51	917.44	2076.00	126.26	2228.23	2.00	3.04
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Steady phase (day 8)	225	0.13	0.03	333.68	71.35	0.34	0.03	44.43	2.98	5.24	0.41	25	35	8.25	2355.5	11.7	1886.8	19.0	223.2	1.2	8	6.33	222.93	223.65	1600.35	307.80	1914.47	4.88	7.41
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Steady phase (day 8)	350	0.15	0.01	345.75	45.86	0.36	0.02	45.74	4.93	6.25	0.48	25	35	8.10	2353.7	14.0	1991.6	16.2	351.4	3.9	8	9.86	347.33	348.44	1765.14	240.34	2015.34	3.81	5.79
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Steady phase (day 8)	600	0.16	0.02	370.14	15.79	0.40	0.02	47.39	7.36	6.70	0.97	25	35	7.90	2368.3	14.8	2106.6	18.1	607.7	5.3	8	17.33	610.52	612.48	1957.68	168.19	2143.21	2.67	4.05
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8	Steady phase (day 8)	900	0.19	0.01	384.19	47.40	0.41	0.02	46.95	3.92	7.39	0.30	25	35	7.75	2383.6	10.9	2196.3	12.8	917.8	12.6	8	25.96	914.51	917.44	2076.00	126.26	2228.23	2.00	3.04