Citation:

s41598-017-07195-8

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and phytoplankton stoichiometry, production and community structure in eutrophic coastal waters
Published: 2017
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; North Pacific; Pelagos; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Temperate

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Abstract:

There is a growing consensus that the ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 level will lead to a variety of effects on marine phytoplankton and ecosystems. However, the effects of CO2 enrichment on eutrophic coastal waters are still unclear, as are the complex mechanisms coupled to the development of eutrophication. Here, we report the first mesocosm CO2 perturbation study in a eutrophic subtropical bay during summer by investigating the effect of rising CO2 on a model artificial community consisting of well-characterized cultured diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira weissflogii) and prymnesiophytes (Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica). These species were inoculated into triplicate 4 m**3 enclosures with equivalent chlorophyll a (Chl-a) under present and higher partial pressures of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2 = 400 and 1000 ppmv). Diatom bloom events were observed in all enclosures, with enhanced organic carbon production and Chl-a concentrations under high CO2 treatments. Relative to the low CO2 treatments, the consumption of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and uptake ratios of N/P and N/Si increased significantly during the bloom. These observed responses suggest more extensive and complex effects of higher CO2 concentrations on phytoplankton communities in coastal eutrophic environments.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Field experiment; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; North Pacific; Pelagos; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 24.520000 * Longitude: 118.200000

Date/Time Start: 2013-06-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2013-06-15T00:00:00

Event(s):

Wuyuan_Bay * Latitude: 24.520000 * Longitude: 118.200000 * Date/Time: 2013-06-15T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2018-04-11.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Liu, Xin		study
2	Treatment	Treat		Liu, Xin
3	Time in days	Time	days	Liu, Xin
4	Fucoxanthin	Fuco	µg/l	Liu, Xin
5	Fucoxanthin, standard deviation	Fuco std dev	±	Liu, Xin
6	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin	Hex-fuco	µg/l	Liu, Xin
7	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, standard deviation	Hex-fuco std dev	±	Liu, Xin
8	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/l	Liu, Xin
9	Chlorophyll a, standard deviation	Chl a std dev	±	Liu, Xin
10	Fucoxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio	Fuco/Chl a		Liu, Xin
11	Fucoxanthin/chlorophyll a ratio, standard devitation	Fuco/Chl a std dev	±	Liu, Xin
12	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin/chlorophyll a	Hex-fuco/Chl a		Liu, Xin
13	19-Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin/chlorophyll a, standard deviation	Hex-fuco/Chl a std dev	±	Liu, Xin
14	Ratio	Ratio		Liu, Xin		Delta DIN/Delta SRP
15	Ratio, standard deviation	Ratio std dev	±	Liu, Xin		Delta DIN/Delta SRP
16	Ratio	Ratio		Liu, Xin		Delta DIN/Delta [SiO3]2-
17	Ratio, standard deviation	Ratio std dev	±	Liu, Xin		Delta DIN/Delta [SiO3]2-
18	Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio	N/P		Liu, Xin
19	Nitrogen/Phosphorus ratio, standard deviation	N/P std dev	±	Liu, Xin
20	Nitrogen/Silicon ratio	N/Si		Liu, Xin
21	Nitrogen/Silicon ratio, standard deviation	N/Si std dev	±	Liu, Xin
22	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Liu, Xin
23	Phosphate, standard deviation	[PO4]3- std dev	±	Liu, Xin
24	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Liu, Xin
25	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Liu, Xin
26	Nitrate and Nitrite	[NO3]- + [NO2]-	µmol/l	Liu, Xin
27	Nitrate and Nitrite, standard deviation	[NO3]- + [NO2]- std dev	±	Liu, Xin
28	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/l	Liu, Xin
29	Ammonium, standard deviation	[NH4]+ std dev	±	Liu, Xin
30	Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved	DIN	µmol/l	Liu, Xin
31	Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIN std dev	±	Liu, Xin
32	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Liu, Xin
33	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Liu, Xin
34	Salinity	Sal		Liu, Xin
35	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Liu, Xin
36	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Liu, Xin
37	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Liu, Xin
38	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Liu, Xin
39	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Liu, Xin
40	pH	pH		Liu, Xin		total scale
41	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Liu, Xin		total scale
42	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Liu, Xin
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Liu, Xin
44	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
46	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Identification	ID		Liu, Xin		enclosures
54	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	µmol/g/day	Liu, Xin
55	Particulate organic carbon production	POC prod	µmol/l/day	Liu, Xin
56	Production of Carbon, organic, dissolved	DOC prod	µmol/l/day	Liu, Xin
57	Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio	PIC/POC		Liu, Xin

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1150 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Treat	3 Time [days]	4 Fuco [µg/l]	5 Fuco std dev [±]	6 Hex-fuco [µg/l]	7 Hex-fuco std dev [±]	8 Chl a [µg/l]	9 Chl a std dev [±]	10 Fuco/Chl a	11 Fuco/Chl a std dev [±]	12 Hex-fuco/Chl a	13 Hex-fuco/Chl a std dev [±]	14 Ratio (Delta DIN/Delta SRP)	15 Ratio std dev [±] (Delta DIN/Delta SRP)	16 Ratio (Delta DIN/Delta [SiO3]2-)	17 Ratio std dev [±] (Delta DIN/Delta [SiO3]2-)	18 N/P	19 N/P std dev [±]	20 N/Si	21 N/Si std dev [±]	22 [PO4]3- [µmol/l]	23 [PO4]3- std dev [±]	24 Si(OH)4 [µmol/l]	25 AT std dev [±]	26 [NO3]- + [NO2]- [µmol/l]	27 [NO3]- + [NO2]- std dev [±]	28 [NH4]+ [µmol/l]	29 [NH4]+ std dev [±]	30 DIN [µmol/l]	31 DIN std dev [±]	32 Temp [°C]	33 Temp std dev [±]	34 Sal	35 Sal std dev [±]	36 DIC [µmol/kg]	37 DIC std dev [±]	38 AT [µmol/kg]	39 AT std dev [±]	40 pH (total scale)	41 pH std dev [±] (total scale)	42 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	43 pCO2 std dev [±]	44 CSC flag	45 pH (total scale)	46 CO2 [µmol/kg]	47 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	48 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	49 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	50 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	51 Omega Arg	52 Omega Cal	53 ID (enclosures)	54 Calc rate CaCO3 [µmol/g/day]	55 POC prod [µmol/l/day]	56 DOC prod [µmol/l/day]	57 PIC/POC
field	Low pCO2 level	0	3	0.0000	2	0.0000	7	0.0000	0.42	0.00	0.25	0.00					24.4057	0.2570	1.8310	0.0349	3.4473	0.0096	45.9653	0.3496	30.5187	0.1680	53.6186	0.9575	84.1372	1.0298	27.34	0.05	27.34	0.05
field	Low pCO2 level	1																													27.33	0.14	27.30	0.03	1906.4044	6.2317	2038.0979	7.5171	7.7580	0.0078	794.2494	4.8146	15	7.79	20.92	750.45	752.78	1778.59	106.89	1.79	2.75
field	Low pCO2 level	2	15	10.3923	7	2.8868	156	131.0585	0.25	0.08	0.03	0.01					24.8897	0.0717	1.8551	0.0137	3.4220	0.0302	45.9126	0.0655	30.2270	0.2637	54.9422	0.7702	85.1692	0.5065	27.50	0.02	27.30	0.08	1892.5166	11.5702	2039.8153	2.2063	7.8313	0.0242	717.3374	39.5500	15	7.82	19.39	698.39	700.56	1759.86	113.27	1.90	2.92
field	Low pCO2 level	3	253	169.1636	56	56.0030	2115	1670.8517	0.13	0.03	0.03	0.01					24.9238	0.4054	1.7922	0.0414	3.2877	0.1200	45.6733	0.2013	30.3137	0.2290	51.5302	1.8726	81.8438	1.7102	27.96	0.04	27.34	0.04	1869.7921	2.0275	2039.2514	2.0748	7.8631	0.0114	628.3554	15.5577	15	7.87	16.80	612.05	613.94	1726.12	126.87	2.13	3.27
field	Low pCO2 level	4	1721	189.9482	424	424.3524	9111	2079.0383	0.23	0.00	0.08	0.02	12.09	0.38	3.02	0.41	27.0786	0.5630	1.7815	0.0925	2.8323	0.1808	42.9891	0.9824	30.3083	0.2714	46.1856	3.2705	76.4940	3.4140	28.31	0.02	27.34	0.04	1835.8250	7.2781	2037.1697	1.5989	7.9312	0.0142	517.8286	18.7618	15	7.94	13.73	504.40	505.96	1674.98	147.12	2.47	3.80
field	Low pCO2 level	5	7296	1979.7341	505	478.6234	28039	5948.4398	0.22	0.01	0.07	0.02	12.04	0.18	2.17	0.18	54.9827	9.1167	1.7828	0.2176	1.0850	0.2283	31.8791	3.4655	30.4873	0.2474	25.0468	3.1852	55.5341	3.0638	28.43	0.23	27.37	0.04	1812.4880	46.1784	2023.8070	1.2335	7.9527	0.1061	512.5070	130.7971	15	7.97	12.64	465.85	467.28	1645.28	154.57	2.60	3.99
field	Low pCO2 level	6	13375	2309.9784	275	60.0444	50382	7791.9192	0.33	0.03	0.07	0.01	13.68	0.40	1.76	0.13	430.0408	59.3998	2.2595	0.6816	0.0900	0.0055	18.9581	3.5488	27.5090	2.0507	10.7056	1.6276	38.2146	3.6352	28.81	0.03	27.39	0.05	1653.1167	8.0852	2004.7075	2.0060	8.2606	0.0138	220.6586	7.5522	15	8.23	5.79	215.37	216.03	1400.93	246.39	4.16	6.37
field	Low pCO2 level	7	25145	2039.2012	615	118.9342	83918	2701.4219	0.33	0.05	0.02	0.00	15.90	0.14	1.31	0.07	372.5599	33.4159	130.9647	105.1161	0.0833	0.0033	4.3836	4.0218	29.3133	1.1184	1.5134	0.7575	30.6601	1.8341	29.01	0.01	27.33	0.04	1569.6400	27.7078	1989.4560	3.3288	8.3827	0.0449	157.4799	18.3367	15	8.35	4.06	151.65	152.11	1274.07	291.51	4.93	7.55
field	Low pCO2 level	8	18321	11956.3467	816	337.1726	57707	33185.5161	0.35	0.09	0.01	0.00
field	Low pCO2 level	9	16669	12878.9525	440	232.0948	52341	38969.4111	0.32	0.09	0.00	0.00
field	Low pCO2 level	10	20742	14622.5503	757	681.2733	63295	40457.8201	0.36	0.10	0.00	0.00									0.2637	0.1837	4.1278	3.6117	23.8807	5.3670	5.6558	3.6838	29.3698	8.6463	28.75	0.01	27.35	0.07	1571.6818	179.4036	1994.1799	9.9545	8.3388	0.2790	280.2594	162.3591	15	8.35	4.02	149.20	149.65	1274.34	293.33	4.95	7.59
field	Low pCO2 level	11	9175	1426.6325	702	579.6597	31684	4009.6976	0.31	0.09	0.00	0.00
field	Low pCO2 level	12	8369	3405.7892	291	160.5034	29834	12475.3846	0.44	0.10	0.00	0.00									0.1690	0.0595	2.7613	1.1004	17.5993	5.6280	2.9367	2.4367	20.2027	3.0650	29.29	0.11	27.41	0.06	1584.1376	55.0473	2003.6720	7.7022	8.3896	0.1103	176.7897	55.6364	15	8.34	4.17	156.83	157.30	1288.02	291.95	4.94	7.56
field	Low pCO2 level	13	10398	5255.6195	300	200.9179	32694	16578.6130	0.56	0.08	0.00	0.00
field	Low pCO2 level	14	10547	5706.5301	158	157.6166	33479	17597.0589	0.63	0.17	0.00	0.00									0.3560	0.1883	2.2602	1.6919	9.5323	4.8903	9.9271	8.6959	19.2928	8.3086	29.38	0.07	27.42	0.07	1575.8186	38.6642	2019.5707	11.4292	8.4056	0.0423	149.4976	22.3788	15	8.37	3.80	143.29	143.72	1263.37	308.65	5.23	8.00
field	Low pCO2 level	15	8700	6056.4043	66	65.8179	34347	24268.3412	0.42	0.08	0.00	0.00
field	High pCO2 level	0	3	0.0000	2	0.0000	7	0.0000	0.42	0.00	0.25	0.00					24.6484	0.2570	1.8197	0.0065	3.3870	0.0349	45.8711	0.0448	30.4437	0.2025	53.0273	0.0640	83.4710	0.2384	27.16	0.22	27.16	0.22
field	High pCO2 level	1																													27.23	0.12	27.30	0.03	1906.4588	3.1887	2033.3797	1.5683	7.7476	0.0061	816.1716	16.5826	15	7.78	21.54	770.84	773.24	1781.01	103.91	1.74	2.68
field	High pCO2 level	2	22	4.6188	5	2.8868	177	89.4893	0.16	0.08	0.00	0.00					24.8509	0.0717	1.8164	0.0207	3.3565	0.0331	45.9226	0.0928	30.2525	0.0143	53.1592	0.7698	83.4117	0.7841	27.51	0.01	27.36	0.02	1942.4277	18.5108	2038.4277	0.1208	7.6398	0.0693	1065.7795	152.9259	15	7.67	28.30	1020.02	1023.19	1830.12	84.00	1.41	2.16
field	High pCO2 level	3	220	53.1162	48	25.4034	3125	1231.4881	0.23	0.03	0.01	0.01					24.5042	0.4054	1.7616	0.0338	3.3175	0.0176	46.1495	0.2949	30.6750	0.1845	50.6059	1.2269	81.2809	1.0423	28.00	0.01	27.38	0.03	1918.5304	17.6460	2037.3783	1.3898	7.7144	0.0605	910.3232	125.6495	15	7.73	23.92	872.36	875.06	1797.81	96.80	1.62	2.50
field	High pCO2 level	4	1521	238.4457	525	249.9927	9596	1378.7124	0.29	0.02	0.05	0.04	13.60	0.18	3.71	0.23	26.7495	0.5630	1.7379	0.0047	2.8420	0.0619	43.7274	0.5869	30.2270	0.2101	45.7687	1.2943	75.9957	1.1090	28.32	0.03	27.37	0.03	1884.7183	14.8183	2035.3701	1.9167	7.7883	0.0380	724.3388	65.7035	15	7.82	19.05	700.14	702.30	1749.87	115.80	1.95	2.99
field	High pCO2 level	5	2819	243.6418	971	356.2251	18556	859.6746	0.37	0.05	0.03	0.03	12.85	0.40	2.75	0.10	36.2630	9.1167	1.6220	0.0583	1.7177	0.1505	38.0796	0.6065	30.5640	0.3944	31.2620	3.0619	61.8260	3.0673	28.44	0.20	27.41	0.01	1784.7675	36.7149	2020.4130	1.8497	8.0173	0.0814	438.2387	90.5226	15	8.02	10.98	404.98	406.23	1604.49	169.29	2.85	4.37
field	High pCO2 level	6	7153	957.2467	1469	422.6204	32480	8073.6662	0.38	0.01	0.01	0.00	14.11	0.66	2.66	0.23	81.2547	59.3998	1.4468	0.1660	0.5633	0.0827	30.4698	1.2660	29.8800	0.3673	13.8066	3.3083	43.6866	3.5016	28.81	0.01	27.41	0.01	1749.8319	10.8510	2005.9300	6.0056	8.0643	0.0168	366.7164	12.0413	15	8.06	9.62	358.03	359.12	1557.04	183.16	3.09	4.74
field	High pCO2 level	7	24673	6672.4371	1063	286.9431	124085	53587.9199	0.43	0.02	0.01	0.00	17.11	0.77	1.44	0.07	233.6580	33.4159	6.3336	3.3108	0.2735	0.1580	8.5031	4.7050	28.2830	1.7383	2.2065	0.0902	30.4895	1.6482	29.00	0.02	27.39	0.03	1652.6189	34.7307	1990.4188	2.2210	8.2317	0.0625	239.2729	39.7383	15	8.21	6.11	228.41	229.10	1409.46	237.05	4.01	6.14
field	High pCO2 level	8	27657	5871.6522	538	129.9038	134593	31977.6994	0.41	0.03	0.04	0.03
field	High pCO2 level	9	36036	7180.5053	261	260.9623	184978	34002.4668	0.42	0.03	0.06	0.03
field	High pCO2 level	10	36864	13828.6936	211	210.7328	168039	54635.2333	0.41	0.05	0.06	0.05									0.1503	0.0703	0.8101	0.5484	5.0993	3.9895	0.5000	0.0000	5.0993	3.9895	28.75	0.04	27.39	0.03	1232.5142	13.7461	1970.1750	13.5876	8.8993	0.0360	30.8187	0.9195	15	8.81	0.81	30.12	30.21	740.57	491.14	8.28	12.70
field	High pCO2 level	11	36637	10279.7215	155	81.4064	182811	21164.5062	0.42	0.03	0.04	0.03
field	High pCO2 level	12	30479	7726.1013	0	0.0000	100306	5296.6114	0.48	0.09	0.01	0.00									0.2463	0.1663	3.3461	1.9894	1.4043	0.6899	0.5000	0.0000	1.4043	0.6899	29.32	0.04	27.44	0.03	1435.6114	167.1203	1995.1979	15.3084	8.5513	0.2600	150.7795	113.5135	15	8.54	2.12	79.84	80.08	1050.98	382.51	6.48	9.91
field	High pCO2 level	13	18533	14084.4598	0	0.0000	39889	25441.5170	0.43	0.02	0.01	0.00
field	High pCO2 level	14	20777	11578.1823	0	0.0000	40097	14310.7811	0.50	0.06	0.00	0.00									0.1117	0.0316	5.3296	2.5690	0.6487	0.3490	0.5000	0.0000	0.6317	0.3601	29.40	0.06	27.45	0.06	1593.5274	76.6970	2011.8187	0.6126	8.3291	0.1334	190.1683	68.6128	15	8.33	4.25	160.42	160.91	1297.90	291.37	4.93	7.55
field	High pCO2 level	15	11765	10164.8288	0	0.0000	29330	22268.9772	0.42	0.05	0.00	0.00																																								1	0.00122	12.60	32.30	0.10
field	High pCO2 level																																																			3	0.00122		31.90
field	High pCO2 level																																																			5	0.00136	27.80	24.80	0.05
field	High pCO2 level																																																			2	0.00144	3.72	21.00	0.39
field	Low pCO2 level																																																			4	0.00164	9.15	10.90	0.18
field	Low pCO2 level																																																			6	0.00165	13.60	10.06	0.12