Citation:

bg-15-833-2018

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Abstract:

Calcifying haptophytes (coccolithophores) sequester carbon in the form of organic and inorganic cellular components (coccoliths). We examined the effect of phosphorus (P) limitation and heat stress on particulate organic and inorganic carbon (calcite) production in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Both environmental stressors are related to rising CO2 levels and affect carbon production in marine microalgae, which in turn impacts biogeochemical cycling. Using semi-continuous cultures, we show that P limitation and heat stress decrease the calcification rate in E. huxleyi. However, using batch cultures, we show that different culturing approaches (batch versus semi-continuous) induce different physiologies. This affects the ratio of particulate inorganic (PIC) to organic carbon (POC) and complicates general predictions on the effect of P limitation on the PIC/POC ratio. We found heat stress to increase P requirements in E. huxleyi, possibly leading to lower standing stocks in a warmer ocean, especially if this is linked to lower nutrient input. In summary, the predicted rise in global temperature and resulting decrease in nutrient availability may decrease CO2 sequestration by E. huxleyi through lower overall carbon production. Additionally, the export of carbon may be diminished by a decrease in calcification and a weaker coccolith ballasting effect.

Coverage:

Latitude: 59.316670 * Longitude: 10.583330

Event(s):

Oslo_Fjord * Latitude: 59.316670 * Longitude: 10.583330

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Species	Species		Gerecht, Andrea
2	Experiment	Exp		Gerecht, Andrea
3	Treatment: temperature	T:temp	°C	Gerecht, Andrea
4	Treatment: nutrients	T:nutrients		Gerecht, Andrea	[PO4]3-
5	Replicate	Repl		Gerecht, Andrea
6	Abundance per volume	Abund v	#/ml	Gerecht, Andrea	initial, cells per mL
7	Abundance per volume	Abund v	#/ml	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest, cells per mL
8	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Gerecht, Andrea
9	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gerecht, Andrea	initial
10	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest
11	pH	pH		Gerecht, Andrea	initial, NBS
12	pH	pH		Gerecht, Andrea	harvest, NBS
13	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Gerecht, Andrea	initial
14	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest
15	Phosphorus, organic, particulate, per cell	POP/cell	pg/#	Gerecht, Andrea
16	Carbon, total, particulate, per cell	TPC/cell	pg/#	Gerecht, Andrea
17	Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell	POC/cell	pg/#	Gerecht, Andrea
18	Equivalent spherical diameter	ESD	µm	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest (CASY)
19	Equivalent spherical diameter	ESD	µm	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest (CASY)
20	Cell, diameter	Cell diam	µm	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest (CLM)
21	Cell, diameter, standard deviation	Cell diam std dev	±	Gerecht, Andrea	harvest (CLM)
22	Number of cells	No cells	#	Gerecht, Andrea	cell diameter
23	Coccoliths per coccosphere	Cocco/coccosp	#	Gerecht, Andrea
24	Coccoliths per coccosphere, standard deviation	Cocco/coccosp std dev	±	Gerecht, Andrea
25	Number of cells	No cells	#	Gerecht, Andrea	Cocco/coccosp
26	Coccoliths	Cocco	%	Gerecht, Andrea	normal
27	Coccoliths	Cocco	#	Gerecht, Andrea	normal
28	Coccoliths, incomplete	Cocco incomplete	%	Gerecht, Andrea
29	Coccoliths, incomplete	Cooco incomplete	#	Gerecht, Andrea
30	Coccoliths, malformed	Cooco malformed	%	Gerecht, Andrea
31	Coccoliths, malformed	Cooco malformed	#	Gerecht, Andrea

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

2012 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Species	2 Exp	3 T:temp [°C]	4 T:nutrients ([PO4]3-)	5 Repl	6 Abund v [#/ml] (initial, cells per mL)	7 Abund v [#/ml] (harvest, cells per mL)	8 µ [1/day]	9 AT [µmol/kg] (initial)	10 AT [µmol/kg] (harvest)	11 pH (initial, NBS)	12 pH (harvest, NBS)	13 [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (initial)	14 [PO4]3- [µmol/l] (harvest)	15 POP/cell [pg/#]	16 TPC/cell [pg/#]	17 POC/cell [pg/#]	18 ESD [µm] (harvest (CASY))	19 ESD [µm] (harvest (CASY))	20 Cell diam [µm] (harvest (CLM))	21 Cell diam std dev [±] (harvest (CLM))	22 No cells [#] (cell diameter)	23 Cocco/coccosp [#]	24 Cocco/coccosp std dev [±]	25 No cells [#] (Cocco/coccosp)	26 Cocco [%] (normal)	27 Cocco [#] (normal)	28 Cocco incomplete [%]	29 Cooco incomplete [#]	30 Cooco malformed [%]	31 Cooco malformed [#]
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	A	8583	732833	1.11	2300	500	8.13	7.67	1.11	0.32	66400	39.6	22.70	5.95	5.97	5.0	0.6	72	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	A	7958	723833	1.11	2200	500	8.15		0.40	0.03	72500	39.3	22.30	5.63	5.92	5.0	0.6	72	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	A	7742	687833	1.11										5.65	5.87	5.0	0.6	72	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	B	7492	751667	1.18	2300	500	8.13	7.72	1.11	0.17	67800	37.5	21.10	5.99	6.01	4.6	0.6	69	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	B	7283	761917	1.18	2200	450	8.15	7.70	0.40	0.21	60500	37.5	20.80	5.75	5.40	4.6	0.6	69	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	B	7600	759667	1.18										5.61	5.89	4.6	0.6	69	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	C	7767	733083	1.16	2300	500	8.13	7.71	1.11	0.17	72600	37.2	21.20	6.05	6.05	4.6	0.5	63	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	C	7458	743167	1.16	2200	500	8.15	7.72	0.40	0.18	85800	37.1	21.10	5.72	5.95	4.6	0.5	63	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	P-limiting	C	7858	746333	1.16										5.62	5.89	4.6	0.5	63	45	20	149	21.3	3496	76.7	3496	2.0	3496
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	A	11225	600000	1.00	2100	1500	7.89	8.12	7.78	4.20	294900	16.2	9.05	5.86	5.23	3.9	0.5	56	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	A	10292	589917	1.00	2100	1550	7.89	8.17	10.22	3.71	307400	16.7	9.14	5.55	4.92	3.9	0.5	56	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	A	10467	578333	1.00										5.51	4.91	3.9	0.5	56	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	B	9242	791917	1.10	2100	1450	7.89	8.21	7.78	4.14	238100	13.8	7.48	5.65	5.15	3.7	0.4	95	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	B	10317	798750	1.10	2100	1450	7.89	8.22	10.22	4.76	243300	13.8	7.63	5.56	4.88	3.7	0.4	95	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	B	9567	790333	1.10										5.49	4.85	3.7	0.4	95	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	C	9675	982667	1.15	2100	1300	7.89	8.26	7.78	2.08	246100	14.3	7.81	5.04	5.03	3.8	0.5	194	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	C	10025	961333	1.15	2100	1300	7.89	8.27	10.22	2.61	249600	13.8	7.75	4.99	4.69	3.8	0.5	194	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	19	control. replete	C	9700	955917	1.15										4.98	4.65	3.8	0.5	194	15	5	151	77.6	693	1.8	693	20.6	693
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	A	10900	608417	1.13	2300	650	8.13	7.84	1.11	0.12	86400	38.8	18.80	5.60	6.09	4.6	0.6	51	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	A	9892	602083	1.13	2200	700	8.15		0.40	0.05	79700	38.0	18.60	5.39	6.12	4.6	0.6	51	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	A	9908	594250	1.13										5.49	6.05	4.6	0.6	51	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	B	9667	635167	1.17	2300	650	8.13	7.86	1.11	0.05	80600	36.0	17.70	5.57	6.04	4.9	0.9	80	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	B	9750	624583	1.17	2200	700	8.15	7.87	0.40	0.09	82800	35.9	17.90	5.52	6.00	4.9	0.9	80	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	B	9883	611917	1.17										5.42	5.94	4.9	0.9	80	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	C	12200	633833	1.16	2300	700	8.13	7.85	1.11	0.02	84700	37.3	18.50	5.61	6.05	4.9	0.8	85	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	C	11500	617667	1.16	2200	650	8.15	7.83	0.40	0.03	82100	36.2	18.50	5.45	6.01	4.9	0.8	85	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	P-limiting	C	11592	618833	1.16										5.47	6.02	4.9	0.8	85	34	15	145	33.8	2010	52.4	2010	13.7	2010
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	A	9767	795250	1.18	2100	1250	7.89	8.19	7.78	2.95	245000	15.9	8.90	5.11	5.22	3.5	0.5	125	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	A	7675	794750	1.18	2100	1250	7.89	8.21	10.22	3.16	286600	16.1	8.95	5.04	4.95	3.5	0.5	125	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	A	8117	788833	1.18										4.97	4.93	3.5	0.5	125	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	B	7833	826583	1.21	2100	1300	7.89	8.22	7.78	3.06	280700	16.1	8.72	5.21	5.32	3.5	0.6	114	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	B	7750	808750	1.21	2100	1300	7.89	8.21	10.22	3.02	272200	15.8	8.52	5.02	4.97	3.5	0.6	114	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	B	7367	796917	1.21										5.01	4.95	3.5	0.6	114	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	C	7650	791833	1.14	2100	1250	7.89	8.24	7.78	3.23	289200	16.5	9.19	5.04	4.91	3.5	0.5	112	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	C	7842	793750	1.14	2100	1250	7.89	8.22	10.22	2.17	251200	17.1	9.23	4.99	5.05	3.5	0.5	112	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	batch	24	control. replete	C		802333	1.14										4.98	5.04	3.5	0.5	112	16	6	149	57.1	691	4.4	691	38.5	691
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	A	71500	83167	1.31	2300	2100	8.13	7.99	1.11		379000	27.3	14.50	5.31	5.53	3.5	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	A	68667	75500	1.31	2200	2100	8.15	8.05	0.40	0.51	378000	27.9	16.00	5.31	5.53	3.5	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	A	69750	82083	1.31										5.31	5.53	3.5	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	B	61167	73000	1.31	2300	2100	8.13	8.09	1.11	0.51	385000	27.5	14.50	5.27	5.73	3.1	0.4	38	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	B	61833	72500	1.31	2200	2100	8.15	8.09	0.40	0.55	425000	28.4	15.30	5.27	5.73	3.1	0.4	38	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	B	60083	75833	1.31										5.27	5.73	3.1	0.4	38	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	C	64750	82083	1.31	2300	2100	8.13	8.01	1.11	0.42	386000	26.3	14.10	5.28	5.60	3.3	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	C	62333	79333	1.31	2200	2100	8.15	8.08	0.40	0.49	325000	27.8	14.20	5.28	5.60	3.3	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	P-limiting	C	67083	84833	1.31										5.28	5.60	3.3	0.5	39	18	6	149	79.5	824	0.8	824	19.7	824
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	A	55000	83833	1.32	2100	2000	7.89	8.00	7.78	6.83	465000	29.5	14.10	5.19	5.82	3.8	0.7	35	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	A	36417	81250	1.32	2100	2000	7.89	8.02	10.22	6.48	444000	30.6	14.90	5.19	5.82	3.8	0.7	35	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	A	45583	84333	1.32										5.19	5.82	3.8	0.7	35	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	B	38917	92667	1.32	2100	2000	7.89	8.01	7.78	5.80	391000	26.3	12.60	5.17	5.49	4.1	0.5	39	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	B	36917	88333	1.32	2100	1900	7.89	8.01	10.22	6.15	411000	27.3	13.80	5.17	5.49	4.1	0.5	39	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	B	47833	84333	1.32										5.17	5.49	4.1	0.5	39	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	C	39083	77417	1.32	2100	2000	7.89	8.00	7.78	6.61	381000	27.5	12.90	5.20	5.74	3.9	0.7	37	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	C	43417	76167	1.32	2100	2000	7.89	8.00	10.22	6.59	434000	27.7	12.60	5.20	5.74	3.9	0.7	37	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	19	control. replete	C	43250	77750	1.32										5.20	5.74	3.9	0.7	37	20	9	148	81.5	821	1.3	821	17.2	821
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	A	88750	143167	1.23	2300	2000	8.13	7.96	1.11	0.08	309000	27.0	15.80	5.55	5.88	3.9	0.6	61	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	A	87000	142833	1.23	2200	1900	8.15	8.21	0.40	0.08	320000	27.6	15.60	5.55	5.88	3.9	0.6	61	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	A	86500	142333	1.23										5.55	5.88	3.9	0.6	61	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	B	117167	146750	1.23	2300	2000	8.13	8.21	1.11	0.06	281000	28.1	15.40	5.40	5.92	3.8	0.6	67	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	B	115417	148583	1.23	2200	2000	8.15	8.21	0.40	0.09	415000	28.7	15.50	5.40	5.92	3.8	0.6	67	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	B	101083	152500	1.23										5.40	5.92	3.8	0.6	67	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	C	91583	158917	1.23	2300	2000	8.13	8.21	1.11	0.00	331000	27.3	14.60	5.56	5.77	4.1	0.6	66	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	C	89250	157917	1.23	2200	1950	8.15	8.21	0.40	0.07	293000	27.2	14.60	5.56	5.77	4.1	0.6	66	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	P-limiting	C	86750	155083	1.23										5.56	5.77	4.1	0.6	66	15	5	146	54.7	721	0.7	721	44.7	721
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	A	26167	133083	1.20	2100	2000	7.89	8.00	7.78	5.37	437000	31.6	15.60	5.43	5.71	3.6	0.6	62	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	A	43333	125583	1.20	2100	1900	7.89	8.16	10.22	6.64	470000	30.8	16.80	5.43	5.71	3.6	0.6	62	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	A	26417	114417	1.20										5.43	5.71	3.6	0.6	62	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	B	19583	160000	1.20	2100	1950	7.89	8.15	7.78	7.35	420000	26.9	13.80	5.43	5.81	3.5	0.4	29	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	B	21333	152750	1.20	2100	1900	7.89	8.15	10.22	8.08	445000	26.9	14.20	5.43	5.81	3.5	0.4	29	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	B	22333	149000	1.20										5.43	5.81	3.5	0.4	29	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	C	39917	154417	1.20	2100	1850	7.89	8.15	7.78	6.31	399000	28.4	15.80	5.43	5.75	3.3	0.5	26	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	C	23583	148583	1.20	2100	1950	7.89	8.15	10.22	6.13	398000	27.4	14.40	5.43	5.75	3.3	0.5	26	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731
Emiliania huxleyi (UIO 265)	semi-continuous	24	control. replete	C	26833	145583	1.20										5.43	5.75	3.3	0.5	26	16	7	145	51.0	731	2.0	731	46.9	731