Citation:

2018GL079706

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Project(s):

Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas (SPP1158)

Funding:

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 5472008 : Priority Programme 1158 Antarctic Research with Comparable Investigations in Arctic Sea Ice Areas

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -75.023577 * Median Longitude: -32.517163 * South-bound Latitude: -77.919830 * West-bound Longitude: -38.954170 * North-bound Latitude: -73.465000 * East-bound Longitude: -25.743170

Date/Time Start: 2014-01-02T14:51:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-02-12T23:41:00

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0.5 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 3186.6 m

Event(s):

PS82/001-1 * Latitude: -73.726000 * Longitude: -25.743170 * Date/Time Start: 2014-01-02T14:51:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-01-02T14:51:00 * Elevation: -3224.2 m * Location: Weddell Sea * Campaign: (ANT-XXIX/9) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

PS82/004-1 * Latitude: -74.684000 * Longitude: -29.754830 * Date/Time Start: 2014-01-03T08:14:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-01-03T08:14:00 * Elevation: -425.0 m * Location: Weddell Sea * Campaign: (ANT-XXIX/9) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

PS82/012-1 * Latitude: -74.590500 * Longitude: -28.429170 * Date/Time Start: 2014-01-03T23:11:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-01-03T23:11:00 * Elevation: -1415.0 m * Location: Weddell Sea * Campaign: (ANT-XXIX/9) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

Comment:

The tracer data set was carefully checked for accurate measurements and outliers. According to the WOCE standards the following flags were applied to each measurement: ? = flag 3 = doubtful; / = flag 4 = bad, # = flag 6 = mean of replicates.

Noble gases (3He, 4He, 20Ne): We took 540 water samples for stable noble gas isotopes (3He, 4He, Ne) in copper tubes from 68 stations. In the IUP Bremen noble gas lab the samples were processed in a first step with a UHV (ultra high vacuum) gas extraction system. The required vacuum conditions are achieved by a rotary pump and an oil diffusion pump. To maintain contamination-free samples, the extraction system is checked for leaks on each sample separately. Sample gases are transferred via water vapour into a glass ampoule kept at liquid nitrogen temperature. Quality checks of this sample preparation line are done on a routine basis. This includes special vacuum checks and preparing accurately defined samples for internal control measurement.

For analysis of the noble gas isotopes the glass ampoules are connected to a fully automated UHV mass spectrometric system equipped with a two stage cryo system. Every 2 to 4 samples the system is calibrated with atmospheric air standards (reproducibility <0.2%). Also measurement of line blanks and linearity are done. The performance of the Bremen facility is described in Sültenfuß et al. (2009, doi:10.1080/10256010902871929).

Error estimate for absolute He and Ne concentrations and the d3He:

D(4He) < 1.0 %

D(Ne) < 1.0 %

D(d3He) < 0.5 %

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12): For the transient tracers (chlorofluorocarbons, CFC-11, CFC-12), we took 1080 samples on 94 stations. The Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-11 and CFC-12) water samples from the CTD-bottle-system are stored in glass ampoules without contact to the atmosphere during the taping. Immediately after sampling the ampoules are flame sealed after a CFC free headspace of pure nitrogen had been applied.

The loss of CFCs into the headspace is considered by a careful equilibration between liquid and gas phase under controlled conditions before the sealed ampoules are opened and a precise measurement of the volume of the headspace. The determination of CFC concentrations in the IUP Bremen gas chromatography lab is accomplished by purge and trap sample pre-treatment followed by gas chromatographic (GC) separation on a capillary column and electron capture detection (ECD). The system is calibrated by analyzing several different volumes of a known standard gas. CFC concentrations are calibrated on SIO98 scale (Prinn et al., 2000, doi:10.1029/2000JD900141). A more detailed description of the measurement system is given by Bulsiewicz et at. (1998, doi:10.1029/98JC00140).

Concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 reported on SIO 98 scale (Prinn et al., 2000, doi:10.1029/2000JD900141).

Overall accuracy, including that off the calibration scale is estimated to be 2.5% for CFC-11 and 1.5% for CFC-12. The accuracy accounts for uncertainties of calibrated sample volume, calibration curve, extraction efficiency, standard and working gas, water blank, etc.

Acknowledgment: Sampling on board and measurement of CFCs and noble gases at the IUP Bremen was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the SPP 1158 "Antarktisforschung", grant HU 1544/4-1. We thank Rainer Knust and the scientific party to participate in the ANT XXIX/9 expedition and for the excellent assistance and cooperation on board. We thank also master and crew of RV Polarstern.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Huhn, Oliver
2	Date/Time of event	Date/Time		Huhn, Oliver
3	Latitude of event	Latitude		Huhn, Oliver
4	Longitude of event	Longitude		Huhn, Oliver
5	Elevation of event	Elevation	m	Huhn, Oliver
6	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Huhn, Oliver	Geocode
7	Freon-11 (trichorofluoromethane)	CFC-11	pmol/kg	Huhn, Oliver
8	Freon-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane)	CFC-12	pmol/kg	Huhn, Oliver
9	Helium	He	nmol/kg	Huhn, Oliver
10	δ Helium-3	δ3He	%	Huhn, Oliver	100 x ([3He/4He]obs/[3He/4He]atm.- 1)
11	Neon	Ne	nmol/kg	Huhn, Oliver
12	Bottle number	Bottle	#	Huhn, Oliver

License:

Licensing unknown: Please contact principal investigator/authors to gain access and request licensing terms (UNKNOWN)

Size:

4082 data points

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