Citation:

s41598-017-02383-y

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification rate, net photosynthesis and respiration rate of reef-building corals
Published: 2017-09-01
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Acropora formosa; Acropora pulchra; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Coelastrea aspera; Community composition and diversity; Field observation; Oxygen; Porites lutea; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

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Abstract:

Coral reefs are deteriorating under climate change as oceans continue to warm and acidify and thermal anomalies grow in frequency and intensity. In vitro experiments are widely used to forecast reef-building coral health into the future, but often fail to account for the complex ecological and biogeochemical interactions that govern reefs. Consequently, observations from coral communities under naturally occurring extremes have become central for improved predictions of future reef form and function. Here, we present a semi-enclosed lagoon system in New Caledonia characterised by diel fluctuations of hot-deoxygenated water coupled with tidally driven persistently low pH, relative to neighbouring reefs. Coral communities within the lagoon system exhibited high richness (number of species=20) and cover (24-35% across lagoon sites). Calcification rates for key species (Acropora formosa, Acropora pulchra, Coelastrea aspera and Porites lutea) for populations from the lagoon were equivalent to, or reduced by ca. 30-40% compared to those from the reef. Enhanced coral respiration, alongside high particulate organic content of the lagoon sediment, suggests acclimatisation to this trio of temperature, oxygen and pH changes through heterotrophic plasticity. This semi-enclosed lagoon therefore provides a novel system to understand coral acclimatisation to complex climatic scenarios and may serve as a reservoir of coral populations already resistant to extreme environmental conditions.

Keyword(s):

Acropora formosa; Acropora pulchra; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Coelastrea aspera; Community composition and diversity; Field observation; Oxygen; Porites lutea; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -21.965540 * Median Longitude: 165.967725 * South-bound Latitude: -21.982500 * West-bound Longitude: 165.942500 * North-bound Latitude: -21.948580 * East-bound Longitude: 165.992950

Event(s):

Bourake_Lagoon * Latitude: -21.948580 * Longitude: 165.992950 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Bourake_reef * Latitude: -21.982500 * Longitude: 165.942500 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2017-08-31.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
2	Type	Type		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		study
3	Species	Species		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
4	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
5	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		WoRMS Aphia ID
6	Category	Cat		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		Benthic component
7	Site	Site		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
8	Coverage	Cov	%	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
9	Coverage, standard error	Cov std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
10	Number	n	#	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		coral species on transect
11	Number, standard error	No std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		coral species on transect
12	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	µmol/cm²/h	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		light
13	Calcification rate, standard error	Calc rate std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		light
14	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	µmol/cm²/h	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		dark
15	Calcification rate, standard error	Calc rate std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		dark
16	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/cm²/h	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
17	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen, standard error	PN O2 std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
18	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/cm²/h	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
19	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error	Resp O2 std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
20	pH	pH		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric	total scale, mean
21	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric	total scale
22	pH	pH		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric	total scale, max
23	pH	pH		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric	total scale, min
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		average
25	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
26	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		max
27	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		min
28	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		average
29	Oxygen, standard error	O2 std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
30	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		max
31	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo		min
32	Salinity	Sal		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
33	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo
34	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric titration
35	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Potentiometric titration
36	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
37	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
38	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
39	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
40	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
41	Bicarbonate ion, standard error	[HCO3]- std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
42	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
43	Carbonate ion, standard error	[CO3]2- std e	±	Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo	Calculated using CO2SYS
44	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2482 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Type (study)	3 Species	4 Reg spec no	5 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	6 Cat (Benthic component)	7 Site	8 Cov [%]	9 Cov std e [±]	10 n [#] (coral species on transect)	11 No std e [±] (coral species on transect)	12 Calc rate CaCO3 [µmol/cm²/h] (light)	13 Calc rate std e [±] (light)	14 Calc rate CaCO3 [µmol/cm²/h] (dark)	15 Calc rate std e [±] (dark)	16 PN O2 [µmol/cm²/h]	17 PN O2 std e [±]	18 Resp O2 [µmol/cm²/h]	19 Resp O2 std e [±]	20 pH (total scale, mean, Potentiome...)	21 pH std e [±] (total scale, Potentiometric)	22 pH (total scale, max, Potentiometric)	23 pH (total scale, min, Potentiometric)	24 Temp [°C] (average)	25 T std e [±]	26 Temp [°C] (max)	27 Temp [°C] (min)	28 O2 [µmol/l] (average)	29 O2 std e [±]	30 O2 [µmol/l] (max)	31 O2 [µmol/l] (min)	32 Sal	33 Sal std e [±]	34 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	35 AT std e [±] (Potentiometric titration)	36 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	37 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	38 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	39 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	40 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	41 [HCO3]- std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	42 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	43 [CO3]2- std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	44 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	46 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	47 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	48 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	49 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	50 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	51 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	52 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
Bourake_reef	field				Abiotic	R1	85.9	2.06											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Abiotic	R2	5.9	1.69											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Abiotic	L1	74.6	1.07											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Abiotic	L2	64.8	0.43											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Abiotic	L3	55.9	3.09
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Abiotic	L4	46.9	2.69
Bourake_reef	field				Rock	R1	19.4	4.38											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Rock	R2	9.5	1.37											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rock	L1	2.3	2.30											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rock	L2	0.6	0.60											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rock	L3	21.3	2.66
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rock	L4	18.9	2.49
Bourake_reef	field				Rubble	R1	62.7	4.72											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Rubble	R2	17.0	4.21											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rubble	L1	0.1	0.07											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rubble	L2	0.1	0.10											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rubble	L3	13.3	3.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Rubble	L4	6.2	3.08
Bourake_reef	field				Sand	R1	3.7	1.17											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Sand	R2	0.9	0.25											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sand	L1	0.0	0.00											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sand	L2	0.0	0.00											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sand	L3	6.6	4.90
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sand	L4	13.1	3.46
Bourake_reef	field				Dead coral	R1	0.0	0.00											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Dead coral	R2	1.9	0.67											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Dead coral	L1	3.6	2.43											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Dead coral	L2	0.2	0.17											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Dead coral	L3	3.0	1.76
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Dead coral	L4	0.3	0.30
Bourake_reef	field				Sediment	R1	0.0	0.00											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Sediment	R2	0.1	0.13											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sediment	L1	68.9	21.90											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sediment	L2	63.9	4.52											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sediment	L3	11.8	3.01
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Sediment	L4	8.5	4.13
Bourake_reef	field				Algae	R1	3.4	0.40											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Algae	R2	12.9	0.50											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Algae	L1	1.1	0.20											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Algae	L2	0.4	0.14											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Algae	L3	17.4	4.26
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Algae	L4	0.5	0.25
Bourake_reef	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	R1	3.4	0.40											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	R2	12.3	2.07											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	L1	1.0	0.58											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	L2	0.4	0.40											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	L3	10.6	10.30
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying filamentous-algae	L4	0.5	0.25
Bourake_reef	field				Calcareous algae	R1	0.0	0.00											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Calcareous algae	R2	0.5	0.48											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Calcareous algae	L1	0.0	0.00											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Calcareous algae	L2	0.0	0.00											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Calcareous algae	L3	0.0	0.00
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Calcareous algae	L4	0.1	0.03
Bourake_reef	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	R1	0.0	0.00											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	R2	0.1	0.07											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	L1	0.1	0.07											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	L2	0.1	0.03											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	L3	6.8	2.48
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-cacifying macro-algae	L4	0.0	0.00
Bourake_reef	field				Scleractinian coral	R1	10.3	2.50											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Scleractinian coral	R2	55.0	0.99											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Scleractinian coral	L1	24.3	2.04											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Scleractinian coral	L2	34.6	3.93											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Scleractinian coral	L3	26.7	7.89
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Scleractinian coral	L4	5.8	0.79
Bourake_reef	field				Non-scleractinian coral	R1	0.5	0.29											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Non-scleractinian coral	R2	0.0	0.00											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-scleractinian coral	L1	0.0	0.00											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-scleractinian coral	L2	0.0	0.00											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-scleractinian coral	L3	0.0	0.00
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Non-scleractinian coral	L4	46.7	11.09
Bourake_reef	field				Porifera cover	R1	0.0	0.00											8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_reef	field				Porifera cover	R2	2.8	1.40											7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Porifera cover	L1	0.1	0.03											7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Porifera cover	L2	0.2	0.17											7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Porifera cover	L3	0.0	0.00
Bourake_Lagoon	field				Porifera cover	L4	0.1	0.03
Bourake_reef	field					R1, R2			39	12
Bourake_Lagoon	field					L1, L2, L3 and L4			14	7
Bourake_Lagoon	field	Acropora pulchra (coral)	869355	marinespecies.org		L1					0.46	0.08	0.27	0.03	1.24	0.16	1.93	0.13	7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_reef	field	Acropora pulchra (coral)	869355	marinespecies.org		R1					0.92	0.09	0.41	0.05	1.91	0.14	1.25	0.11	8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_Lagoon	field	Porites lutea (coral)	760325	marinespecies.org		L1					0.34	0.17	0.14	0.04	0.81	0.18	1.32	0.24	7.62	0.02	7.91	7.24	30.9	0.90	33.1	28.1	136.9	2.5	185.0	71.3	36.2	0.07	2268	5.48	2.02	0.07	1399	67.89	1398.00	10.58	124	4.27	8	29.83	1216.76	1220.39	1987.90	114.04	2131.76	1.85	2.75
Bourake_reef	field	Porites lutea (coral)	760325	marinespecies.org		R1					0.67	0.11	0.35	0.07	1.63	0.24	1.19	0.16	8.03	0.01	8.08	7.97	29.0	0.03	29.9	28.1	202.5	1.3	224.1	166.9	35.4	0.02	2306	7.13	3.76	0.02	413	2.91	1730.00	2.85	233	1.14	8	10.51	408.85	410.10	1730.86	234.13	1975.50	3.78	5.66
Bourake_Lagoon	field	Acropora formosa (coral)	207036	marinespecies.org		L2					0.81	0.14	0.30	0.05	0.95	0.21	1.98	0.16	7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_reef	field	Acropora formosa (coral)	207036	marinespecies.org		R2					1.06	0.17	0.39	0.08	1.46	0.19	1.14	0.15	7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52
Bourake_Lagoon	field	Coelastrea aspera (coral)	762427	marinespecies.org		L2					0.39	0.05	0.21	0.08	0.92	0.17	1.05	0.05	7.55	0.01	7.87	7.31	28.4	0.06	30.8	25.9	139.7	1.9	217.8	56.3	34.4	0.02	2272	7.41	1.47	0.02	1531	23.59	20.48	3.10	91	1.25	8	38.44	1466.82	1471.34	2056.76	88.10	2183.30	1.43	2.15
Bourake_reef	field	Coelastrea aspera (coral)	762427	marinespecies.org		R2					0.62	0.06	0.33	0.07	1.07	0.08	0.66	0.05	7.94	0.01	8.05	7.79	28.1	0.03	30.2	26.6	199.4	1.3	271.3	135.3	34.2	0.03	2246	5.84	2.99	0.02	527	3.51	1788.00	2.26	185	0.90	8	13.73	519.75	521.36	1790.77	185.40	1989.90	3.00	4.52