Chen, Wen-Ling; Xie, Zhiyong; Wolschke, Hendrik; Gandrass, Juergen; Kötke, Danijela; Winkelmann, Magnus; Ebinghaus, Ralf (2016): Ultra-trace carbazoles in sediment samples of the Weser and Elbe Rivers and the North Sea in 2012 to 2014 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.877302, Supplement to: Chen, W-L et al. (2016): Quantitative determination of ultra-trace carbazoles in sediments in the coastal environment. Chemosphere, 150, 586-595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.051
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Abstract:
Carbazole and some of its derivatives may possess dioxin-like toxicity and could be persistent in the environment, but information on their distribution and environmental fate is limited. This study developed and validated an ultra-trace targeted-analysis method for the determination of carbazole, 1,2-benzocarbazole, and 13 halogenated carbazoles in sediments from the river, coast, and North Sea. An 8-g sediment sample was extracted using accelerated solvent extraction combined with in-cell cleanup and analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was sensitive and reliable with method detection limits ranging from 4.54 to 52.9 pg/g, and most of the quantification biases and relative standard deviations were <20 and <15%, respectively. Carbazole and 1,2-benzocarbazole were the predominant substances in the sediments (median 565 and 369 pg/g, respectively) followed by 3,6-dichlorocarbazole (median 196 pg/g). The detection frequencies of carbazole, benzo-, 3-chloro-, and 3,6-dichlorocarbazole were >75%, while those of 3,6-dibromo-, 1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-, and 1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole were approximately 50%. Brominated carbazoles occurred more frequently in marine than river-influenced sediments, which could indicate halogenation after discharge into the river. This is the first study regarding these substances in coastal environments without apparent contamination history. The ubiquity and bioaccumulative potential of these substances needs to be considered.
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 53.616111 * Median Longitude: 9.071519 * South-bound Latitude: 51.868000 * West-bound Longitude: 5.586000 * North-bound Latitude: 55.037830 * East-bound Longitude: 12.241000
Date/Time Start: 2012-08-15T09:58:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-05-13T14:41:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0 m
Event(s):
HE422/008-3 (F5, NOAH_F_5) * Latitude: 54.467170 * Longitude: 6.194170 * Date/Time: 2014-05-03T13:42:00 * Elevation: -37.7 m * Location: North Sea * Campaign: HE422 * Basis: Heincke * Method/Device: Boomerang-Grab (BG)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Xie, Zhiyong | |||
| 2 | Optional event label | Event 2 | Xie, Zhiyong | |||
| 3 | Campaign of event | Campaign | Xie, Zhiyong | |||
| 4 | Latitude of event | Latitude | Xie, Zhiyong | |||
| 5 | Longitude of event | Longitude | Xie, Zhiyong | |||
| 6 | Elevation of event | Elevation | m | Xie, Zhiyong | ||
| 7 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Xie, Zhiyong | Geocode | |
| 8 | Carbazole | Carbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 9.62 pg/g, limit of quantification 32.1 pg/g |
| 9 | 2-Bromocarbazole | 2-Bromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 3.57 pg/g, limit of quantification 11.9 pg/g |
| 10 | 3-Bromocarbazole | 3-Bromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 4.38 pg/g, limit of quantification 14.6 pg/g |
| 11 | 3,6-Dibromocarbazole | 3,6-Dibromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 8.19 pg/g, limit of quantification 27.3 pg/g |
| 12 | 1,3,6,8-Tetrachlorocarbazole | 1,3,6,8-Tetrachlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 2.84 pg/g, limit of quantification 9.46 pg/g |
| 13 | 2,3,6,7-Tetrachlorocarbazole | 2,3,6,7-Tetrachlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 22.2 pg/g, limit of quantification 74.0 pg/g |
| 14 | 3,6-Dichlorocarbazole | 3,6-Dichlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 3.36 pg/g, limit of quantification 11.2 pg/g |
| 15 | 3-Chlorocarbazole | 3-Chlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 2.63 pg/g, limit of quantification 8.75 pg/g |
| 16 | 1,3,6-Tribromocarbazole | 1,3,6-Tribromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 13.0 pg/g, limit of quantification 43.2 pg/g |
| 17 | 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole | 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 6.78 pg/g, limit of quantification 22.6 pg/g |
| 18 | 1-Bromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole | 1-Bromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 5.65 pg/g, limit of quantification 18.8 pg/g |
| 19 | 1,8-Dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole | 1,8-Dibromo-3,6-dichlorocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 8.17 pg/g, limit of quantification 27.2 pg/g |
| 20 | 1,2-Benzocarbazole | 1,2-Benzocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 7.13 pg/g, limit of quantification 23.8 pg/g |
| 21 | 3,6-Diiodocarbazole | 3,6-Diiodocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 8.40 pg/g, limit of quantification 28.0 pg/g |
| 22 | 2,7-Dibromocarbazole | 2,7-Dibromocarbazole | pg/g | Xie, Zhiyong | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with in-line cleanup, coupled gas chromatog | in total sediment, limit of detection 10.1 pg/g, limit of quantification 33.8 pg/g |
| 23 | Carbon, organic, total | TOC | % | Xie, Zhiyong | in total sediment, normalised with Corg |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
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584 data points