Citation:

j.envpol.2015.08.002

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Abstract:

This study reports the occurrence and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers (OPEs) in the Elbe and Rhine rivers. A special focus of this investigation concerns the potential impacts of a major flood event in 2013 on the OPE patterns and levels in the Elbe River. In this river, 6 of 13 OPEs were detected, with tris-ethyl-phosphate (TEP, 168 ± 44 ng/L), tris-1,3-dichloro-2-propyl-phosphate (TDCPP, 155 ± 14 ng/L) and tris-1-chloro-2-propyl phosphate (TCPP, 126 ± 14 ng/L) identified as the dominant compounds. Relative to previous studies, an increase in the concentrations and relative contributions of TDCPP to the total level of OPEs was observed, which was likely caused by its increased use as a replacement for the technical pentaBDE formulation. During the flood event, the concentrations of OPEs were similar to the normal situation, but the mass fluxes increased by a factor of approximately ten (~16 kg/d normal versus ~160 kg/d flood peak). No input hotspots were identified along the transects of the Elbe and Rhine rivers, and the mass flux of OPEs appeared to be driven by water discharge.

Project(s):

Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research (HZG)

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 52.208922 * Median Longitude: 8.520107 * South-bound Latitude: 50.986000 * West-bound Longitude: 4.243000 * North-bound Latitude: 53.426000 * East-bound Longitude: 12.231000

Date/Time Start: 2013-06-06T10:08:00 * Date/Time End: 2013-08-22T12:27:00

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0.5 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 0.5 m

Event(s):

Bleckede * Latitude: 53.303000 * Longitude: 10.733000 * Date/Time: 2013-08-19T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Water sample (WS)

Ems_1_Leer * Latitude: 53.216000 * Longitude: 7.427000 * Date/Time: 2013-08-22T10:33:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Water sample (WS)

Ems_2_Gandersum * Latitude: 53.322000 * Longitude: 7.306000 * Date/Time: 2013-08-22T11:32:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Water sample (WS)

Comment:

OPE analysis: liquid-liquid extraction for samples from rivers Rhine and Ems, solid-phase extraction for samples from the river Elbe and its tributaries; measurement by GC-MSMS (Wolschke et al. 2015)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Wolschke, Hendrik
2	Campaign of event	Campaign		Wolschke, Hendrik
3	Latitude of event	Latitude		Wolschke, Hendrik
4	Longitude of event	Longitude		Wolschke, Hendrik
5	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Wolschke, Hendrik		Geocode
6	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Wolschke, Hendrik		Geocode
7	Triethyl phosphate	TEP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 2.7ng/l
8	Triisobutyl phosphate	TiBP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 17.7ng/l
9	Tributyl phosphate	TBP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 6.4ng/l
10	Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate	TCEP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 5.3ng/l
11	Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate	TCPP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 7.9ng/l
12	Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	TDCPP	ng/l	Wolschke, Hendrik	Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS)	measured in water, limit of detection 9.0ng/l
13	River discharge	Q	m³/s	Wolschke, Hendrik		Source: German Federal Institute of Hydrology, 2014. German Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV), Distributed by German Federal Institute of Hydrology. www.bafg.de.
14	Triethyl phosphate, flux	TEP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated
15	Triisobutyl phosphate, flux	TiBP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated
16	Tributyl phosphate, flux	TBP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated
17	Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, flux	TCEP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated
18	Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate, flux	TCPP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated
19	Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, flux	TDCPP flux	mg/s	Wolschke, Hendrik	Calculated

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

462 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Campaign	3 Latitude	4 Longitude	5 Depth water [m]	6 Date/Time	7 TEP [ng/l]	8 TiBP [ng/l]	9 TBP [ng/l]	10 TCEP [ng/l]	11 TCPP [ng/l]	12 TDCPP [ng/l]	13 Q [m³/s]	14 TEP flux [mg/s]	15 TiBP flux [mg/s]	16 TBP flux [mg/s]	17 TCEP flux [mg/s]	18 TCPP flux [mg/s]	19 TDCPP flux [mg/s]
Rhein_1_Stammheim	RHINEEMS2013	50.986	6.980	>0.5	2013-08-19T18:00		63.80	34.10	67.30	94.80	71.90
Rhein_2_Wiesdorf	RHINEEMS2013	51.030	6.970	>0.5	2013-08-19T18:37		88.30	41.00	91.60	104.50	83.40
Rhein_3_Monheim	RHINEEMS2013	51.116	6.879	>0.5	2013-08-19T19:45		83.00	44.10	80.40	108.10	76.80
Rhein_4_Neuss	RHINEEMS2013	51.205	6.733	>0.5	2013-08-19T20:30		94.10	107.90	94.40	110.70	78.10
Rhein_5_Duesseldorf	RHINEEMS2013	51.300	6.732	>0.5	2013-08-20T11:23		76.50	60.80	103.70	106.70	75.20
Rhein_6_Duisburg	RHINEEMS2013	51.416	6.740	>0.5	2013-08-20T12:15		80.60	37.50	82.20	105.00	110.50
Rhein_7_Walsum	RHINEEMS2013	51.524	6.706	>0.5	2013-08-20T12:58		87.60	69.20	73.80	103.00	80.40
Rhein_8_Wesel	RHINEEMS2013	51.647	6.607	>0.5	2013-08-20T13:45		91.30	83.60	97.90	109.10	85.70
Rhein_9_Rees	RHINEEMS2013	51.757	6.390	>0.5	2013-08-20T14:26		78.00	66.50	80.40	101.40	78.10
Rhein_10_Emmerich	RHINEEMS2013	51.831	6.234	>0.5	2013-08-20T15:08		101.40	50.10	94.80	111.60	77.70
Rhein_11_Lobith	RHINEEMS2013	51.850	6.115	>0.5	2013-08-20T16:17		83.00	34.10	67.40	89.90	69.20
Rhein_12_Tolkamer	RHINEEMS2013	51.851	6.098	>0.5	2013-08-20T16:35		87.70	37.80	83.20	105.50	73.80
Rhein_13_Arnhem	RHINEEMS2013	51.975	5.912	>0.5	2013-08-20T17:38		69.40	30.00	72.80	94.20	72.80
Rhein_14_Ewijk	RHINEEMS2013	51.887	5.737	>0.5	2013-08-20T18:16		76.60	29.50	68.40	101.60	72.20
Rhein_15_Tiel	RHINEEMS2013	51.885	5.442	>0.5	2013-08-20T19:00		74.50	26.10	58.20	90.60	64.60
Rhein_16_Gorinchem	RHINEEMS2013	51.838	4.929	>0.5	2013-08-20T19:35		52.20	18.90	85.20	122.00	79.00
Rhein_17_Zwijndrecht	RHINEEMS2013	51.809	4.580	>0.5	2013-08-21T10:44		71.10	37.00	78.10	94.30	78.60
Rhein_18_Willemstad	RHINEEMS2013	51.696	4.443	>0.5	2013-08-21T11:30		82.30	54.30	68.40	97.40	77.70
Rhein_19_Rozenburg	RHINEEMS2013	51.912	4.243	>0.5	2013-08-21T12:22		70.90	37.80	65.60	113.60	74.50
Rhein_20_Kampen	RHINEEMS2013	52.555	5.923	>0.5	2013-08-21T14:34		67.60	24.00	60.50	91.10	72.00
Ems_1_Leer	RHINEEMS2013	53.216	7.427	>0.5	2013-08-22T10:33		34.90	8.20	74.90	120.50	81.50
Ems_2_Gandersum	RHINEEMS2013	53.322	7.306	>0.5	2013-08-22T11:32		31.80	5.20	61.90	127.80	77.80
Ems_3_Wybelsum	RHINEEMS2013	53.338	7.042	>0.5	2013-08-22T12:27		26.70	5.60	33.80	91.60	51.80
Zollenspieker	ST20130819	53.397	10.169	>0.5	2013-08-19T00:00	171.53	55.68	27.86	88.03	153.70	166.97	514.0	88.2	28.6	14.3	45.2	79.0	85.8
Geesthacht	ST20130819	53.426	10.372	>0.5	2013-08-19T00:00	182.82	59.74	31.76	82.83	154.99	148.75
Bleckede	ST20130819	53.303	10.733	>0.5	2013-08-19T00:00	166.51	55.93	22.35	77.15	140.64	130.75	514.0	85.6	28.7	11.5	39.7	72.3	67.2
Hitzacker	ST20130819	53.154	11.054	>0.5	2013-08-20T00:00	164.09	57.21	23.18	81.82	134.14	154.48
Gorleben	ST20130819	53.054	11.352	>0.5	2013-08-20T00:00	156.41	53.44	22.65	73.74	129.03	142.61
Schnackenburg	ST20130819	53.042	11.567	>0.5	2013-08-20T00:00	164.10	52.19	20.51	80.98	121.67	147.94
Wittenberge	Global River Discharge	52.990	11.750	>0.5	2013-08-21T00:00	198.72	61.21	19.96	71.44	121.80	151.17	439.0	87.2	26.9	8.8	31.4	53.5	66.4
Havel_DS	ST20130819	52.910	11.855	>0.5	2013-08-21T00:00	202.44	68.28	19.18	73.35	121.89	154.89
Hohengoeren	ST20130819	52.464	12.002	>0.5	2013-08-21T00:00	219.75	100.77	17.80	87.33	137.49	151.78	324.0	71.2	32.7	5.8	28.3	44.5	49.2
Magdeburg	ST20130819	52.065	11.683	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	138.63	73.91	14.50	76.82	115.20	166.98	325.0	45.1	24.0	4.7	25.0	37.4	54.3
Saale_DS	ST20130819	51.971	11.896	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	109.17	98.98	13.17	66.29	108.99	155.96	308.0	33.6	30.5	4.1	20.4	33.6	48.0
Saale_US	ST20130819	51.955	11.915	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	120.02	101.96	14.47	74.22	118.04	176.29	227.0	27.2	23.1	3.3	16.8	26.8	40.0
Mulde_DS	ST20130819	51.861	12.231	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	99.53	108.26	19.11	63.66	109.78	164.61
Mulde_US	ST20130819	51.881	12.231	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	100.07	134.26	70.18	69.69	120.76	174.79	202.0	20.2	27.1	14.2	14.1	24.4	35.3
River_Havel	ST20130819	52.909	11.867	>0.5	2013-08-21T00:00	183.91	45.80	14.89	105.37	118.19	124.14	37.4	6.9	1.7	0.6	3.9	4.4	4.6
River_Saale	ST20130819	51.945	11.911	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	267.32	93.33	24.35	96.14	122.37	181.35	67.0	17.9	6.3	1.6	6.4	8.2	12.2
River_Mulde	ST20130819	51.869	12.231	>0.5	2013-08-22T00:00	185.01	47.98	17.03	105.53	108.62	134.61	29.0	5.4	1.4	0.5	3.1	3.1	3.9
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-06T10:08	221.00	58.00	20.00	71.00	157.00	79.00	1520.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-06T17:00	191.00	55.00	17.00	50.00	137.00	67.00	1520.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-07T09:10	219.00	59.00	22.00	53.00	132.00	83.00	1693.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-07T16:50	205.00	48.00	20.00	55.00	121.00	67.00	1693.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-08T09:10	194.00	36.00	17.00	48.00	123.00	64.00	2111.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-08T16:45	247.00	36.00	17.00	47.00	111.00	61.00	2111.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-09T08:55	368.00	50.00	20.00	53.00	109.00	56.00	3042.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-09T16:55	203.00	37.00	17.00	40.00	96.00	55.00	3042.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-10T09:25	218.00	34.00	17.00	44.00	88.00	48.00	3830.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-10T16:55	180.00	41.00	17.00	44.00	87.00	66.00	3830.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-11T09:12	146.00	36.00	15.00	58.00	88.00	65.00	4060.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-11T16:48	165.00	39.00	16.00	66.00	93.00	67.00	4060.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-12T09:00	167.00	30.00	15.00	68.00	105.00	60.00	4060.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-12T17:00	108.00	29.00	17.00	73.00	104.00	76.00	4060.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-13T09:15	173.00	46.00	24.00	78.00	94.00	70.00	3910.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-13T17:00	132.00	35.00	19.00	59.00	74.00	73.00	3910.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-14T08:55	112.00	25.00	15.00	72.00	124.00	62.00	3710.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-14T17:05	122.00	36.00	16.00	75.00	125.00	64.00	3710.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-15T14:20	130.00	35.00	16.00	57.00	81.00	57.00	3529.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-16T09:20	149.00	35.00	15.00	66.00	102.00	87.00	3384.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-18T08:55	352.00	49.00	17.00	52.00	86.00	88.00	3137.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-20T08:25	280.00	31.00	20.00	56.00	98.00	60.00	2840.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-24T09:15	229.00	36.00	33.00	62.00	87.00	87.00	2177.0
Geesthacht_Wehr	ELBEFLOOD2013	53.424	10.337	>0.5	2013-06-27T08:55	341.00	34.00	24.00	51.00	87.00	84.00	1802.0