Citation:

acs.est.6b05138

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and corrosion and results of the mechanical tests of cidaroid (Eucidaris tribuloides) and a euechinoid (Tripneustes ventricosus) in laboratory experiment
Published: 2017-05-25
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Echinodermata; Eucidaris tribuloides; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species; Tripneustes ventricosus; Tropical

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Abstract:

Echinoderms are considered as particularly sensitive to ocean acidification (OA) as their skeleton is made of high-magnesium calcite, one of the most soluble forms of calcium carbonate. Recent studies have investigated effects of OA on the skeleton of "classical" sea urchins (euechinoids) but the impact of etching on skeleton mechanical properties is almost unknown. Furthermore, the integrity of the skeleton of cidaroids has never been assessed although their extracellular fluid is undersaturated with respect to their skeleton and the skeleton of their primary spines is in direct contact with seawater. In this study, we compared the dissolution of test plates and spines as well as the spine mechanical properties (two-points bending tests) in a cidaroid (Eucidaris tribuloides) and a euechinoid (Tripneustes ventricosus) submitted to a 5-weeks acidification experiment (pHT 8.1, 7.7, 7.4). Test plates of both species were not affected by dissolution. Spines of E. tribuloides showed no mechanical effects at pHSW-T 7.4 despite traces of corrosion on secondary spines. On the contrary, spines of the T. ventricosus were significantly etched at both pHSW-T 7.7 and 7.4 and their fracture force reduced by 16 to 35%, respectively. This increased brittleness is probably of little significance with regards to predation protection but has consequences in terms of energy allocation.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Echinodermata; Eucidaris tribuloides; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species; Tripneustes ventricosus; Tropical

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2017-05-24.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Dery, Aurélie		study
2	Species	Species		Dery, Aurélie
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Dery, Aurélie
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Dery, Aurélie		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Experiment duration	Exp duration	days	Dery, Aurélie
6	Type	Type		Dery, Aurélie		Spine
7	Treatment	Treat		Dery, Aurélie
8	Force	F	N	Dery, Aurélie		at fracture
9	Force, standard deviation	F std dev	±	Dery, Aurélie		at fracture
10	Young's modulus	E m	GPa	Dery, Aurélie
11	Youngs modulus, standard deviation	E m std dev	±	Dery, Aurélie
12	Second moment of area	I2	m⁴	Dery, Aurélie
13	Second moment of area, standard deviation	I2 std dev	±	Dery, Aurélie
14	Corrosion	Corrosion	%	Dery, Aurélie
15	Corrosion, standard deviation	Corrosion std dev	±	Dery, Aurélie
16	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Dery, Aurélie
17	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Dery, Aurélie
18	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Dery, Aurélie
19	Salinity	Sal		Dery, Aurélie
20	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
22	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

330 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Exp duration [days]	6 Type (Spine)	7 Treat	8 F [N] (at fracture)	9 F std dev [±] (at fracture)	10 E m [GPa]	11 E m std dev [±]	12 I2 [m⁴]	13 I2 std dev [±]	14 Corrosion [%]	15 Corrosion std dev [±]	16 Temp [°C]	17 AT [µmol/kg]	18 DIC [µmol/kg]	19 Sal	20 CSC flag	21 pH (total scale)	22 CO2 [µmol/kg]	23 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	24 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	25 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	26 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	27 Omega Arg	28 Omega Cal
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	8.1	15.80	5.20	7.4	3.5	5.2	3.0	11	11.0	28.47	2453.33	2055.33	39	15	8.07	9.61	375.75	376.90	1766.76	278.97	4.36	6.52
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	7.7	12.70	1.00	6.8	3.9	7.8	2.6	48	6.3	28.33	2406.67	2222.33	39	15	7.72	25.30	986.70	989.73	2053.14	143.88	2.25	3.36
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	7.4	14.30	7.30	11.5	4.0	3.0	0.3	100	0.0	28.30	2403.33	2351.67	39	15	7.40	60.33	2349.60	2356.85	2214.21	77.13	1.20	1.80
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	8.1	2.40	0.30	2.4	0.4	1.9	0.3	20	11.5	28.47	2453.33	2055.33	39	15	8.07	9.61	375.75	376.90	1766.76	278.97	4.36	6.52
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	7.7	7.50	0.80	11.9	3.7	7.5	2.5	50	16.5	28.33	2406.67	2222.33	39	15	7.72	25.30	986.70	989.73	2053.14	143.88	2.25	3.36
laboratory	Eucidaris tribuloides (echinoderm)	396741	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	7.4	2.30	1.20	2.9	2.0	2.3	0.3	100	0.0	28.30	2403.33	2351.67	39	15	7.40	60.33	2349.60	2356.85	2214.21	77.13	1.20	1.80
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	8.1	0.77	0.08	35.6	7.2	1.5	0.3	33	17.0	28.47	2453.33	2056.00	39	15	8.07	9.63	376.80	377.96	1767.83	278.54	4.35	6.51
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	7.7	0.62	0.08	32.7	2.0	1.0	0.4	27	9.8	28.37	2403.33	2252.00	39	15	7.65	30.33	1183.66	1187.30	2096.92	124.75	1.95	2.91
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	primary spines	7.4	0.53	0.03	29.2	2.4	1.1	0.1	100	0.0	28.30	2443.33	2367.33	39	15	7.46	49.27	1919.82	1925.73	2231.37	86.69	1.35	2.02
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	8.1	0.26	0.03	44.2	5.9	2.2	0.5			28.47	2453.33	2056.00	39	15	8.07	9.63	376.80	377.96	1767.83	278.54	4.35	6.51
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	7.7	0.21	0.01	48.6	3.6	2.7	0.8			28.37	2403.33	2252.00	39	15	7.65	30.33	1183.66	1187.30	2096.92	124.75	1.95	2.91
laboratory	Tripneustes ventricosus (echinoderm)	422490	marinespecies.org	35	second spines	7.4	0.16	0.03	44.7	7.7	2.5	0.5			28.30	2443.33	2367.33	39	15	7.46	49.27	1919.82	1925.73	2231.37	86.69	1.35	2.02