Citation:

j.cbpb.2017.01.006

Name: Functional analysis of a tyrosinase gene involved in early larval shell biogenesis in Crassostrea angulata and its response to ocean acidification
Published: 2017-04-20
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea angulata; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

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Abstract:

The formation of the primary shell is a vital process in marine bivalves. Ocean acidification largely influences shell formation. It has been reported that enzymes involved in phenol oxidation, such as tyrosinase and phenoloxidases, participate in the formation of the periostracum. In the present study, we cloned a tyrosinase gene from Crassostrea angulata named Ca-tyrA1, and its potential function in early larval shell biogenesis was investigated. The Ca-tyrA1 gene has a full-length cDNA of 2430 bp in size, with an open reading frame of 1896 bp in size, which encodes a 631-amino acid protein that includes a 24-amino acid putative signal peptide. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that Ca-tyrA1 transcription mainly occurs at the trochophore stage, and the Ca-tyrA1 mRNA levels in the 3000 ppm treatment group were significantly upregulated in the early D-veliger larvae. WMISH and electron scanning microscopy analyses showed that the expression of Ca-tyrA1 occurs at the gastrula stage, thereby sustaining the early D-veliger larvae, and the shape of its signal is saddle-like, similar to that observed under an electron scanning microscope. Furthermore, the RNA interference has shown that the treatment group has a higher deformity rate than that of the control, thereby indicating that Ca-tyrA1 participates in the biogenesis of the primary shell. In conclusion, and our results indicate that Ca-tyrA1 plays a vital role in the formation of the larval shell and participates in the response to larval shell damages in Crassostrea angulata that were induced by ocean acidification.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Crassostrea angulata; Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Pelagos; Single species; Temperate; Zooplankton

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2017-04-20.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Feng, Danqing		study
2	Species	Species		Feng, Danqing
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Feng, Danqing
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Feng, Danqing		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Stage	Stage		Feng, Danqing
6	Treatment	Treat		Feng, Danqing
7	Gene expression	Gene expression		Feng, Danqing		relative expression level of Ca-tyr3
8	Gene expression, standard deviation	Gene expression std dev	±	Feng, Danqing		relative expression level of Ca-tyr3
9	Salinity	Sal		Feng, Danqing
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Feng, Danqing
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Feng, Danqing
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Feng, Danqing
13	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
15	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

252 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref	5 Stage	6 Treat	7 Gene expression	8 Gene expression std dev [±]	9 Sal	10 Temp [°C]	11 AT [µmol/kg]	12 DIC [µmol/kg]	13 CSC flag	14 pH	15 CO2 [µmol/kg]	16 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	17 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	18 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	19 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	20 Omega Arg	21 Omega Cal
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Trochophore stage	Control	9.63190	8.30216	26.7	24.40	2539.30	2249.5	15	8.11	11.98	398.07	399.35	2012.54	224.97	3.70	5.77
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	One day of D-type stage	Control	1.07150	0.96903	26.7	24.40	2539.30	2249.5	15	8.11	11.98	398.07	399.35	2012.54	224.97	3.70	5.77
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Two days of D-type stage	Control	0.29166	0.17814	26.7	24.40	2539.30	2249.5	15	8.11	11.98	398.07	399.35	2012.54	224.97	3.70	5.77
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Four days of D-type satge	Control	0.01076	0.00135	26.7	24.40	2539.30	2249.5	15	8.11	11.98	398.07	399.35	2012.54	224.97	3.70	5.77
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Trochophore stage	pCO2=1500 ppm	42.62751	33.45738	26.7	24.35	2849.00	2762.3	15	7.65	45.04	1494.14	1498.97	2616.19	101.07	1.66	2.59
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	One day of D-type stage	pCO2=1500 ppm	2.59557	1.06204	26.7	24.35	2849.00	2762.3	15	7.65	45.04	1494.14	1498.97	2616.19	101.07	1.66	2.59
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Two days of D-type stage	pCO2=1500 ppm	0.33812	0.15031	26.7	24.35	2849.00	2762.3	15	7.65	45.04	1494.14	1498.97	2616.19	101.07	1.66	2.59
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Four days of D-type satge	pCO2=1500 ppm	0.06315	0.06772	26.7	24.35	2849.00	2762.3	15	7.65	45.04	1494.14	1498.97	2616.19	101.07	1.66	2.59
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Trochophore stage	pCO2=3000 ppm	47.04733	49.64652	26.7	24.45	3397.95	3391.1	15	7.44	89.82	2987.41	2997.07	3224.17	77.10	1.27	1.98
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	One day of D-type stage	pCO2=3000 ppm	12.27433	11.16379	26.7	24.45	3397.95	3391.1	15	7.44	89.82	2987.41	2997.07	3224.17	77.10	1.27	1.98
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Two days of D-type stage	pCO2=3000 ppm	0.06855	0.02555	26.7	24.45	3397.95	3391.1	15	7.44	89.82	2987.41	2997.07	3224.17	77.10	1.27	1.98
laboratory	Crassostrea angulata (mollusk)	146900	marinespecies.org	Four days of D-type satge	pCO2=3000 ppm	0.01003	0.00064	26.7	24.45	3397.95	3391.1	15	7.44	89.82	2987.41	2997.07	3224.17	77.10	1.27	1.98