Citation:

j.scitotenv.2016.10.200

Name: Sodium provides unique insights into transgenerational effects of ocean acidification on bivalve shell formation
Published: 2016
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Ruditapes philippinarum; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is likely to have profound impacts on marine bivalves, especially on their early life stages. Therefore, it is imperative to know whether and to what extent bivalves will be able to acclimate or adapt to an acidifying ocean over multiple generations. Here, we show that reduced seawater pH projected for the end of this century (i.e., pH 7.7) led to a significant decrease of shell production of newly settled juvenile Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum. However, juveniles from parents exposed to low pH grew significantly faster than those from parents grown at ambient pH, exhibiting a rapid transgenerational acclimation to an acidic environment. The sodium composition of the shells may shed new light on the mechanisms responsible for beneficial transgenerational acclimation. Irrespective of parental exposure, the amount of Na incorporated into shells increased with decreasing pH, implying active removal of excessive protons through the Na+/H+ exchanger which is known to depend on the Na+ gradient actively built up by the Na+/K+-ATPase as a driving force. However, the shells with a prior history of transgenerational exposure to low pH recorded significantly lower amounts of Na than those with no history of acidic exposure. It therefore seems very likely that the clams may implement less costly and more ATP-efficient ion regulatory mechanisms to maintain pH homeostasis in the calcifying fluid following transgenerational acclimation. Our results suggest that marine bivalves may have a greater capacity to acclimate or adapt to ocean acidification by the end of this century than currently understood.

Keyword(s):

Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Ruditapes philippinarum; Single species; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 39.070670 * Longitude: 122.246170

Date/Time Start: 2014-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-04-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Liangshui_Bay * Latitude: 39.070670 * Longitude: 122.246170 * Date/Time Start: 2014-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-04-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2017-03-30.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Schöne, Bernd R		study
2	Species	Species		Schöne, Bernd R
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Schöne, Bernd R
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Schöne, Bernd R		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Sample ID	Sample ID		Schöne, Bernd R
6	Treatment	Treat		Schöne, Bernd R		Parental exposure pH
7	Treatment	Treat		Schöne, Bernd R		Juvenile exposure pH
8	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Schöne, Bernd R		shell
9	Sodium/Calcium ratio	Na/Ca	mmol/mol	Schöne, Bernd R		shell
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Schöne, Bernd R
11	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R
12	Salinity	Sal		Schöne, Bernd R
13	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R
14	pH	pH		Schöne, Bernd R		total scale
15	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R		total scale
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Schöne, Bernd R
17	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R
18	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Schöne, Bernd R
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Schöne, Bernd R
21	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Schöne, Bernd R
22	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2400 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Sample ID	6 Treat (Parental exposure pH)	7 Treat (Juvenile exposure pH)	8 µ [mm/day] (shell)	9 Na/Ca [mmol/mol] (shell)	10 Temp [°C]	11 T std e [±]	12 Sal	13 Sal std e [±]	14 pH (total scale)	15 pH std e [±] (total scale)	16 AT [µmol/kg]	17 AT std e [±]	18 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	19 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±]	20 Omega Arg	21 Omega Arg std e [±]	22 CSC flag	23 CO2 [µmol/kg]	24 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	25 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	26 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	27 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	28 DIC [µmol/kg]	29 Omega Arg	30 Omega Cal
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	1	8.1	8.1	0.04125	18.75	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	2	8.1	8.1	0.02148	15.47	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	3	8.1	8.1	0.02550	13.78	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	4	8.1	8.1	0.03128	16.14	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	5	8.1	8.1	0.03008	14.71	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	6	8.1	8.1	0.03193	17.08	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	7	8.1	8.1	0.02955	15.02	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	8	8.1	8.1	0.02543	15.00	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	9	8.1	8.1	0.01758	13.90	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	10	8.1	8.1	0.02543	16.92	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	11	8.1	8.1	0.02788	13.35	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	12	8.1	8.1	0.02735	16.19	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	13	8.1	8.1	0.01948	15.66	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	14	8.1	8.1	0.01900	18.95	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	15	8.1	8.1	0.01948	18.63	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	16	8.1	8.1	0.02315	18.32	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	17	8.1	8.1	0.02625	18.80	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	18	8.1	8.1	0.02140	18.70	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	19	8.1	8.1	0.01595	18.18	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	20	8.1	8.1	0.01578	17.55	20.21	0.06	31.37	0.05	8.05	0.01	2250	25	378	22	2.82	0.11	8	13.08	398.21	399.57	1832.94	170.77	2016.79	2.71	4.19
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	21	8.1	7.7	0.01370	20.79	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	22	8.1	7.7	0.01730	19.75	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	23	8.1	7.7	0.01303	20.59	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	24	8.1	7.7	0.01243	19.24	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	25	8.1	7.7	0.01530	20.66	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	26	8.1	7.7	0.01830	19.78	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	27	8.1	7.7	0.01803	21.11	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	28	8.1	7.7	0.01343	19.32	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	29	8.1	7.7	0.01528	19.70	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	30	8.1	7.7	0.01558	20.60	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	31	8.1	7.7	0.01215	18.92	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	32	8.1	7.7	0.01780	18.63	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	33	8.1	7.7	0.01845	18.52	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	34	8.1	7.7	0.01395	20.42	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	35	8.1	7.7	0.01363	20.13	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	36	8.1	7.7	0.01963	19.83	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	37	8.1	7.7	0.01573	21.13	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	38	8.1	7.7	0.01498	19.69	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	39	8.1	7.7	0.01098	19.23	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	40	8.1	7.7	0.01478	16.79	20.38	0.05	31.49	0.07	7.71	0.01	2228	19	982	39	1.35	0.03	8	31.33	958.74	961.99	2016.01	86.66	2134.00	1.37	2.13
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	41	7.7	8.1	0.01978	16.97	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	42	7.7	8.1	0.01690	17.00	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	43	7.7	8.1	0.01445	16.70	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	44	7.7	8.1	0.01170	16.61	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	45	7.7	8.1	0.01703	17.31	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	46	7.7	8.1	0.01550	15.97	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	47	7.7	8.1	0.02735	17.40	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	48	7.7	8.1	0.03803	17.87	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	49	7.7	8.1	0.01703	18.49	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	50	7.7	8.1	0.02465	19.28	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	51	7.7	8.1	0.02488	15.03	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	52	7.7	8.1	0.02513	18.68	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	53	7.7	8.1	0.02353	19.21	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	54	7.7	8.1	0.02090	17.66	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	55	7.7	8.1	0.03653	18.00	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	56	7.7	8.1	0.01875	18.77	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	57	7.7	8.1	0.02300	19.25	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	58	7.7	8.1	0.02415	16.47	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	59	7.7	8.1	0.02440	17.33	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	60	7.7	8.1	0.03043	18.08	20.29	0.06	31.41	0.06	8.07	0.01	2235	23	389	28	2.75	0.13	8	12.27	374.22	375.49	1803.08	176.61	1991.95	2.80	4.34
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	61	7.7	7.7	0.02163	22.08	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	62	7.7	7.7	0.02175	16.83	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	63	7.7	7.7	0.02683	18.56	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	64	7.7	7.7	0.02618	20.20	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	65	7.7	7.7	0.02820	17.73	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	66	7.7	7.7	0.02323	18.42	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	67	7.7	7.7	0.03070	19.55	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	68	7.7	7.7	0.01745	19.50	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	69	7.7	7.7	0.01308	18.27	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	70	7.7	7.7	0.01318	17.49	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	71	7.7	7.7	0.02913	14.21	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	72	7.7	7.7	0.02193	14.09	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	73	7.7	7.7	0.02595	18.13	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	74	7.7	7.7	0.01835	18.31	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	75	7.7	7.7	0.02448	17.86	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	76	7.7	7.7	0.03545	20.69	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	77	7.7	7.7	0.01423	18.34	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	78	7.7	7.7	0.01730	19.06	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	79	7.7	7.7	0.01730	18.82	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10
laboratory	Ruditapes philippinarum (mollusk)	231750	marinespecies.org	80	7.7	7.7	0.02228	19.44	20.44	0.05	31.38	0.05	7.69	0.01	2292	31	976	28	1.43	0.02	8	33.91	1038.71	1042.23	2084.01	85.51	2203.43	1.36	2.10