Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini; Mazzochini, Guilherme Gerhardt; Oliveira-Filho, Ary Teixeira; Ganade, Gislene; Carvalho, Adriana Rosa (2016): Maps of the ecosystem services, human population density and agricultural GDP estimated in the Caatinga, links to ASCII grid files [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873390, Supplement to: Manhães, AP et al. (2016): Spatial associations of ecosystem services and biodiversity as a baseline for systematic conservation planning. Diversity and Distributions, 22(9), 932-943, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12459
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Abstract:
Aim: Protected areas are frequently defined on the basis of biological importance. Ecosystem services are expected to be under protection when biodiversity is preserved; however, new approaches are needed to confirm this statement. We evaluated how spatial associations between ecosystem services and plant biodiversity on a large spatial scale influence their representativeness in current protected areas.
Location: Brazilian seasonally tropical dry forest (Caatinga).
Methods: We produced woody plant biodiversity maps (species richness, narrow-range species richness and beta diversity) using species distribution modelling. We estimated regulating services (water purification, carbon storage and erosion control), provisioning services (water supply, fodder and agriculture) and supporting services (water balance, net primary productivity and soil fertility) using primary data and a proxy-based approach. We performed spatial correlation analyses between biodiversity and ecosystem services using Pearson's correlation test. After estimating the percentage of hotspot areas of biodiversity and ecosystem services presented in two types of protected areas (strict protection and sustainable use), we compared it to expected distribution by null model.
Results: Mostly weak and intermediary positive correlations arose among biodiversity and ecosystem services (beta diversity with water balance and species richness with water purification and carbon storage). Negative correlations occurred among water balance with both species richness and narrow-range species richness. Strict protection areas were well represented in terms of carbon storage and underrepresented for fodder and agriculture. Sustainable use protected areas were important for water balance. Plant biodiversity variables were not represented in current protected areas.
Main conclusions: Positive correlations between biodiversity and ecosystem services do not assure the protection of these targets in protected areas. Surrogates choice based only on spatial correlations might not effectively protect biodiversity and ecosystem services. Selection of priority areas must include biodiversity and ecosystem services as distinct conservation targets.
Coverage:
Latitude: -7.000000 * Longitude: -38.000000
Event(s):
Caatinga * Latitude: -7.000000 * Longitude: -38.000000 * Location: Brazil * Method/Device: Multiple investigations (MULT)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File content | Content | Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini | |||
| 2 | File name | File name | Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini | |||
| 3 | File format | File format | Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini | |||
| 4 | File size | File size | kByte | Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini | zipped | |
| 5 | Uniform resource locator/link to file | URL file | Manhães, Adriana Pellegrini |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
50 data points
Data
| 1 Content | 2 File name | 3 File format | 4 File size [kByte] | 5 URL file |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural gross domestic product [BRL per municipality] | agricultural_GDP | ASCII grid | 16 | agricultural_GDP.zip |
| Carbon storage [Mg/ha]: Carbon density contained in above and below ground live woody vegetation summed to the soil organic carbon density | carbon_storage | ASCII grid | 185 | carbon_storage.zip |
| Erosion control [t/ha/a]: Ability of vegetation and soil to avoid initial nutrient and sediment loss by erosion assessed by the universal soil loss equation (USLE) | erosion_control | ASCII grid | 195 | erosion_control.zip |
| Fodder [kg/ha/a]: Native fodder production in the Caatinga vegetation estimated by weight gain of livestock (sheep, goats and cattle) in each vegetation type | fodder | ASCII grid | 131 | fodder.zip |
| Human population density [persons per km**2] | human_population_density | ASCII grid | 69 | human_population_density.zip |
| Net primary productivity [Pg C/a]: Amount of atmospheric carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass. We used the net primary productivity (NPP) from 2000 to 2009 | net_primary_productivity | ASCII grid | 141 | net_primary_productivity.zip |
| Soil fertility (very high, high, mid and low): Categories of soil fertility from Brazilian agricultural potential map | soil_fertility | ASCII grid | 5 | soil_fertility.zip |
| Water balance [mm]: Annual amount of precipitation that does not evapotranspire given the water storage properties of the soil | water_balance | ASCII grid | 161 | water_balance.zip |
| Water purification(standardized values): Capacity of each LULC category to retain nutrients (N-nitrogen and P-phosphorus), avoiding their runoff to streams. We standardized and summed the maps of N and P retention | water_purification | ASCII grid | 62 | water_purification.zip |
| Water supply (number of wells registered): Underground water wells established for human water use registered on Brazilian underground water information system | water_supply | ASCII grid | 5 | water_supply.zip |