Citation:

s00367-017-0501-y

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Abstract:

The Holocene is characterized by the late Holocene cooling trend as well as by internal short-term centennial fluctuations. As Arctic sea ice acts as a significant component (amplifier) within the climate system, investigating its past long- and short-term variability and controlling processes is beneficial for climate future predictions. This study presents the first biomarker-based (IP25 and PIP25) sea ice reconstruction from the Kara Sea (Core BP00-07/07), covering the last 8 ka. These biomarker proxies reflect conspicuous short-term sea ice variability during the last 6.5 ka that is identified unprecedentedly in the source region of Arctic sea ice by means of a direct sea ice indicator. Prominent peaks of extended sea ice cover occurred at ~3, ~2, ~1.3 and ~0.3 ka Spectral analysis of the IP25 record revealed ~400- and ~950-year cycles. These periodicities may be related to the Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO), but probably also to internal climate system fluctuations. This demonstrates that sea ice belongs to a complex system that more likely depends on multiple internal forcing.

Project(s):

Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI (AWI_Paleo)

Coverage:

Latitude: 74.657600 * Longitude: 81.141100

Date/Time Start: 2000-09-07T06:22:00 * Date/Time End: 2000-09-07T06:22:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.105 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 7.005 m

Event(s):

BP00-07/07 * Latitude: 74.657600 * Longitude: 81.141100 * Date/Time: 2000-09-07T06:22:00 * Elevation: -38.0 m * Recovery: 7.23 m * Location: Kara Sea * Campaign: * Basis: Akademik Boris Petrov * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC) * Comment: gravity corer 8 m

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Fahl, Kirsten		Geocode
2	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Fahl, Kirsten
3	2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpent-4-enyl)pentadecane per unit sediment mass	IP25/sed	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Element analyser CHN, LECO CNS 2000
4	2,6,10,14-Tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpent-4-enyl)pentadecane, per unit mass total organic carbon	IP25/TOC	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Element analyser CHN, LECO CNS 2000
5	24-Methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol per unit sediment mass	Brassicasterol/sed	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
6	24-Methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3beta-ol, per unit mass total organic carbon	Brassicasterol/TOC	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
7	24-Methylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol per unit sediment mass	Campesterol/sed	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
8	24-Methylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol, per unit mass total organic carbon	Campesterol/TOC	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
9	24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol per unit sediment mass	b-Sitosterol/sed	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
10	24-ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol, per unit mass total organic carbon	b-Sitosterol/TOC	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
11	4alpha,23,24-Trimethyl-5alpha-cholest-22E-en-3beta-ol per unit sediment mass	Dinosterol/sed	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
12	4alpha,23,24-Trimethyl-5alpha-cholest-22E-en-3beta-ol, per unit mass total organic carbon	Dinosterol/TOC	µg/g	Fahl, Kirsten	Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

891 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth sed [m]	2 TOC [%]	3 IP25/sed [µg/g]	4 IP25/TOC [µg/g]	5 Brassicasterol/sed [µg/g]	6 Brassicasterol/TOC [µg/g]	7 Campesterol/sed [µg/g]	8 Campesterol/TOC [µg/g]	9 b-Sitosterol/sed [µg/g]	10 b-Sitosterol/TOC [µg/g]	11 Dinosterol/sed [µg/g]	12 Dinosterol/TOC [µg/g]
0.105	1.406	0.012	0.847	0.531	37.740	0.338	24.009	1.218	86.656	0.517	36.799
0.205	1.350	0.005	0.348	0.135	10.034	0.096	7.136	0.310	22.982	0.105	7.763
0.305	1.279	0.007	0.538	0.350	27.406	0.227	17.729	0.896	70.079	0.568	44.388
0.405	1.315	0.003	0.223	0.127	9.685	0.079	6.004	0.323	24.551	0.212	16.144
0.505	1.058	0.005	0.487	0.311	29.358	0.182	17.192	0.748	70.707	0.480	45.334
0.605	1.015	0.004	0.409	0.109	10.717	0.063	6.256	0.262	25.774	0.075	7.425
0.705	1.013	0.007	0.678	0.262	25.845	0.162	15.953	0.634	62.610	0.393	38.760
0.805	1.000	0.003	0.300	0.139	13.936	0.089	8.864	0.347	34.694	0.198	19.823
0.855	1.232	0.002	0.206	0.191	15.522	0.127	10.274	0.435	35.314	0.281	22.844
0.905	1.343	0.004	0.294	0.286	21.318	0.206	15.358	0.844	62.843	0.378	28.128
0.955	1.049	0.004	0.430	0.319	30.350	0.266	25.311	0.956	91.097	0.370	35.287
1.005	1.113	0.004	0.335	0.147	13.234	0.119	10.713	0.422	37.949	0.103	9.217
1.055	0.915	0.003	0.342	0.122	13.295	0.097	10.611	0.374	40.830	0.047	5.116
1.105	0.982	0.006	0.592	0.240	24.444	0.155	15.763	0.569	57.897	0.297	30.262
1.155	1.033	0.006	0.613	0.226	21.848	0.141	13.631	0.519	50.208	0.271	26.287
1.205	0.970	0.002	0.248	0.105	10.859	0.077	7.931	0.282	29.052	0.123	12.713
1.305	0.976	0.004	0.441	0.194	19.831	0.138	14.094	0.570	58.431	0.289	29.614
1.405	0.893	0.002	0.280	0.092	10.338	0.065	7.271	0.229	25.679	0.130	14.557
1.455	0.932	0.002	0.199	0.092	9.877	0.072	7.676	0.276	29.668	0.152	16.268
1.505	1.008	0.004	0.432	0.183	18.147	0.141	13.989	0.589	58.398	0.302	29.975
1.555	0.985	0.005	0.478	0.240	24.402	0.206	20.874	0.649	65.850	0.263	26.704
1.605	1.032	0.003	0.314	0.088	8.533	0.051	4.902	0.212	20.556	0.022	2.154
1.705	0.960	0.003	0.347	0.242	25.173	0.178	18.505	0.769	80.052	0.350	36.482
1.805	0.905	0.002	0.275	0.141	15.545	0.087	9.579	0.357	39.508	0.204	22.557
1.905	0.987	0.004	0.368	0.252	25.583	0.167	16.924	0.707	71.628	0.327	33.124
1.975	1.034	0.005	0.505	0.218	21.104	0.131	12.700	0.546	52.794	0.232	22.453
2.015	0.985	0.002	0.223	0.132	13.391	0.088	8.919	0.328	33.293	0.135	13.748
2.055	0.961	0.003	0.299	0.104	10.809	0.059	6.184	0.219	22.782	0.084	8.737
2.105	0.957	0.004	0.366	0.264	27.583	0.158	16.499	0.670	70.074	0.273	28.497
2.205	1.001	0.003	0.258	0.127	12.660	0.075	7.476	0.249	24.926	0.129	12.854
2.305	1.391	0.005	0.330	0.265	19.062	0.168	12.104	0.666	47.897	0.297	21.380
2.505	1.212	0.004	0.289	0.274	22.571	0.148	12.214	0.694	57.256	0.310	25.612
2.605	1.088	0.004	0.343	0.253	23.233	0.156	14.292	0.593	54.506	0.218	20.068
2.705	1.343	0.006	0.431	0.286	21.329	0.193	14.366	0.679	50.539	0.295	21.941
2.805	1.026	0.002	0.205	0.334	32.582	0.205	19.967	0.732	71.285	0.270	26.352
2.905	1.016	0.005	0.514	0.263	25.872	0.198	19.542	0.725	71.354	0.322	31.659
3.005	0.973	0.003	0.302	0.208	21.317	0.138	14.137	0.524	53.794	0.138	14.220
3.105	1.023	0.007	0.670	0.242	23.659	0.183	17.878	0.663	64.828	0.222	21.681
3.205	0.972	0.004	0.395	0.272	27.985	0.152	15.611	0.534	54.941	0.330	33.908
3.255	1.012	0.003	0.325	0.280	27.654	0.156	15.420	0.535	52.823	0.124	12.277
3.305	0.962	0.005	0.479	0.271	28.126	0.178	18.525	0.647	67.251	0.267	27.717
3.405	1.030	0.004	0.342	0.308	29.902	0.191	18.572	0.686	66.622	0.271	26.271
3.505	0.914	0.005	0.595	0.332	36.299	0.172	18.788	0.667	72.947	0.260	28.418
3.605	0.956	0.005	0.502	0.376	39.277	0.237	24.806	0.845	88.407	0.340	35.576
3.705	1.266	0.005	0.392	0.325	25.673	0.222	17.518	0.822	64.876	0.267	21.070
3.755	1.063	0.006	0.534	0.300	28.225	0.174	16.405	0.732	68.849	0.258	24.253
3.805	0.997	0.008	0.810	0.232	23.261	0.115	11.542	0.600	60.124	0.136	13.631
3.905	1.011	0.004	0.427	0.244	24.123	0.162	15.982	0.658	65.052	0.242	23.982
4.005	0.990	0.005	0.500	0.263	26.569	0.176	17.793	0.594	60.014	0.126	12.779
4.105	0.963	0.006	0.635	0.310	32.161	0.192	19.974	0.752	78.099	0.287	29.833
4.305	0.931	0.006	0.601	0.223	23.920	0.133	14.262	0.568	61.054	0.215	23.094
4.405	1.275	0.004	0.285	0.214	16.764	0.170	13.300	0.662	51.959	0.183	14.377
4.505	0.902	0.007	0.778	0.277	30.714	0.156	17.244	0.680	75.345	0.243	26.937
4.555	0.941	0.005	0.559	0.259	27.468	0.178	18.880	0.692	73.505	0.193	20.469
4.605	0.987	0.004	0.442	0.240	24.300	0.174	17.584	0.632	64.027	0.202	20.452
4.705	1.002	0.008	0.765	0.260	25.905	0.173	17.299	0.688	68.667	0.234	23.383
4.805	0.923	0.005	0.514	0.184	19.893	0.132	14.260	0.568	61.562	0.107	11.632
4.905	0.975	0.010	0.990	0.279	28.653	0.206	21.140	0.819	84.033	0.265	27.177
5.105	0.962	0.008	0.818	0.297	30.886	0.191	19.886	0.824	85.662	0.269	27.950
5.205	0.949	0.008	0.861	0.260	27.423	0.192	20.230	0.712	75.072	0.289	30.519
5.305	0.937	0.011	1.141	0.292	31.171	0.167	17.856	0.751	80.084	0.281	30.020
5.405	1.063	0.006	0.583	0.271	25.457	0.208	19.548	0.773	72.652	0.241	22.616
5.505	1.338	0.011	0.824	0.379	28.340	0.264	19.726	0.948	70.859	0.328	24.523
5.605	1.299	0.007	0.549	0.275	21.192	0.193	14.841	0.731	56.301	0.267	20.550
5.705	0.985	0.008	0.823	0.274	27.832	0.199	20.177	0.813	82.495	0.284	28.870
5.805	1.304	0.008	0.635	0.216	16.532	0.162	12.453	0.663	50.854	0.208	15.971
5.905	0.897	0.010	1.093	0.281	31.388	0.214	23.900	0.862	96.160	0.373	41.586
6.005	1.048	0.005	0.488	0.265	25.304	0.214	20.374	0.814	77.678	0.283	26.964
6.105	0.970	0.005	0.497	0.272	28.006	0.249	25.662	1.084	111.726	0.372	38.405
6.155	0.979	0.006	0.609	0.290	29.683	0.234	23.947	0.234	23.947	0.347	35.469
6.205	1.069	0.005	0.508	0.250	23.352	0.173	16.139	0.704	65.880	0.361	33.759
6.255	0.909	0.004	0.445	0.251	27.648	0.174	19.151	0.664	73.115	0.209	22.967
6.305	1.034	0.009	0.902	0.295	28.554	0.219	21.161	0.936	90.485	0.376	36.348
6.355	0.979	0.008	0.777	0.290	29.606	0.230	23.479	0.976	99.721	0.445	45.434
6.405	1.030	0.006	0.566	0.327	31.731	0.198	19.210	0.958	93.058	0.442	42.941
6.505	0.967	0.007	0.692	0.384	39.702	0.229	23.718	1.019	105.436	0.479	49.549
6.605	0.961	0.006	0.670	0.169	17.624	0.204	21.243	0.711	73.986	0.174	18.136
6.705	0.970	0.007	0.683	0.376	38.732	0.263	27.150	1.185	122.140	0.650	67.026
6.805	0.833	0.004	0.460	0.178	21.317	0.128	15.407	0.566	67.922	0.187	22.389
6.905	0.995	0.006	0.654	0.240	24.166	0.246	24.685	1.138	114.417	0.595	59.774
7.005	1.337	0.004	0.300	0.309	23.139	0.202	15.127	1.079	80.744	0.699	52.308