Citation:

cp-2016-133

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Abstract:

A new detailed pollen and oxygen isotope record of the penultimate interglacial-glacial cycle, corresponding to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7–6 (c. 242.5–131.2 ka before present), has been generated from the "Ahlat Ridge" (AR) sediment core at Lake Van, Turkey. The presented record displays the highest temporal resolution for this interval with a mean sampling interval of ~540 years.

Integration of all available proxies shows three intervals of effective moisture, evidenced by the predominance of forested landscapes (oak-pine steppe forest), which can be correlated with MIS 7e, 7c, and 7a. The warmest stage in terms of highest temperate tree percentages is MIS 7c, while the amplitude of MIS 7e appears to be truncated by a shift to colder/drier climatic conditions. The detailed comparison between the penultimate interglacial complex (MIS 7) to the last interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) and the current interglacial (Holocene, MIS 1) provides a vivid illustration of possible differences of successive climatic cycles. Intervening periods of open steppe landscape correlate with MIS 7d and 7a, favouring local erosion and detrital sedimentation. The predominance of steppe elements during MIS 7d indicates very cold/dry climatic conditions. In contrast, the occurrence of more temperate tree percentages throughout MIS 7b points to relatively mild conditions, in agreement with atmospheric CO2 concentration and oxygen isotope records.

Despite the general dominance of dry/cold desert-steppe vegetation during the penultimate glacial (MIS 6), this period can be divided into two parts: an early stage (c. 193–157 ka BP) with pronounced oscillations in tree percentages, and a later stage (c. 157–131 ka BP) with lower tree percentages and subdued oscillations. The occurring vegetation pattern is analogous to the MIS 3 to MIS 2 division during the last glacial in the same sedi–159 ka BP) as described in marine pollen records, which indicates cooler but relatively wetter climate conditions during the penultimate glacial.

In comparison with long European pollen records, speleothem isotope records from the Near East, and global climate parameters (e.g., insolation, atmospheric CO2 content), the new high-resolution Lake Van record presents an improved insight into regional vegetation dynamics and climate variability in the eastern Mediterranean region.

Coverage:

Latitude: 38.667000 * Longitude: 42.669000

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 2.720 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 5.560 m

Event(s):

Lake_Van * Latitude: 38.667000 * Longitude: 42.669000 * Elevation: 1649.0 m * Lake water depth: c. 357 m * Location: Eastern Anatolian high plateau, Turkey * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: Surface area of 3574 km**2; Volume ~607 km**3; Minimum depth: 14.7 mcblf; Maximum depth: 144.7 mcblf (meter composite below lake floor); Minimum age: 32.7 ka BP, Maximum age: 334.5 ka BP

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Pickarski, Nadine		Geocode
2	AGE	Age	ka BP	Pickarski, Nadine		Geocode
3	Depth, reference	Depth ref	m	Pickarski, Nadine		mblf-nE
4	Depth, reference	Depth ref	m	Pickarski, Nadine		mcblf
5	Abies	Abies	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
6	Acer	Ace	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
7	Aesculus hippocastanum	A. hippocastanum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
8	Alnus	Alnus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
9	Betula	Betula	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
10	Carya	Cya	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
11	Carpinus betulus	C. betulus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
12	Carpinus cf. orientalis	C. cf. orientalis	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	including Ostrya-type; Arboreal pollen
13	Corylus	Corylus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
14	Daphna	Daphna	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
15	Elaeagnus	Elaeagnus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
16	Ephedra distachya-type	E. distachya-T	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
17	Ephedra fragilis-type	Eph.f-T	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
18	Fagus	Fagus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
19	Fraxinus cf. excelsior	F. cf. excelsior	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
20	Fraxinus cf. ornus	F. cf. ornus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
21	Hippophae rhamnoides	H. rhamnoides	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
22	Juglans	Juglans	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
23	Juniperus	Jun	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
24	Ligustrum cf. vulgare	L. cf. vulgare	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
25	Olea	Olea	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
26	Picea	Picea	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
27	Pinus	Pinus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
28	Pistacia cf. atlantica	P. cf. atlantica	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
29	Prunus	Prunus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
30	Pterocarya	Pte	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
31	Quercus, deciduous	Quercus deci	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
32	Quercus evergreen	Q. evergreen	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
33	Rhus group	Rhus gr	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
34	Salix	Salix	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
35	Taxus baccata	T. baccata	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
36	Tilia	Tilia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
37	Ulmus	Ulmus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Arboreal pollen
38	Adiantaceae	Adiantaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
39	Androsace	Androsace	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
40	Apiaceae	Apiaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
41	Turgenia cf. latifolia	T. cf. latifolia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
42	Asteraceae	Asterac	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
43	Artemisia	Artemisia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
44	Brassicaceae	Brassicac	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
45	Campanulaceae	Campanulaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
46	Cannabaceae	Cannabaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
47	Caryophyllaceae	Cphae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
48	Herniaria	Herniaria	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
49	Centaurea	Centaurea	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
50	Centaurea cf. cyanus	C. cf. cyanus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
51	Centaurea cf. collina	C. cf. collina	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
52	Centaurea cf. jacea	C. cf. jacea	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
53	Centaurea cf. scabiosa	C. cf. scabiosa	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
54	Centaurea cf. triumfetti	C. cf. triumfetti	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
55	Centranthus cf. ruber	C. cf. ruber	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
56	Cerealia-type	Cerealia-T	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
57	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopod	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
58	Cistaceae	Cistaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
59	Cistus	Cistus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
60	Helianthemum	Hel	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
61	Fumana	Fumana	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
62	Cousinia	Cousinia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
63	Cyperaceae	Cyperac	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
64	Dipsacaceae	Dipae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
65	Cephalaria	Cephalaria	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
66	Cephalaria cf. alpina	C. cf. alpina	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
67	Dipsacus	Dipsacus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
68	Scabiosa	Scabiosa	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
69	Scabiosa cf. argentea	S. cf. argentea	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
70	Scabiosa cf. rotata	S. cf. rotata	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
71	Succia	Succia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
72	Echinops	Echinops	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
73	Ericaceae	Ericac	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
74	Euphorbia	Euphorbia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
75	Mercurialis	Mercurialis	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
76	Fabaceae	Fabaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
77	Fagopyrum	Fagopyrum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
78	Gentiana	Gentiana	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
79	Gentianella	Gentianella	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
80	Geranium	Ger	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
81	Gundelia	Gundelia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
82	Haplophyllum	Haplophyllum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
83	Hypericum	Hypericum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
84	Iridaceae	Iridaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
85	Itea viginica	I. viginica	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
86	Lamiaceae	Lamiaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
87	Galeopsis group	Galeopsis gr	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
88	Mentha	Mentha	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
89	Salvia cf. verticillata	S. cf. verticillata	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
90	Stachys-type	Stachys-T	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
91	Liguliflorae	Ligu	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
92	Liliaceae	Liliaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
93	Asphodelus	Asphodelus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
94	Fritillaria	Fritillaria	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
95	Ornithogalum cf. yrenaicum	O. cf. yrenaicum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
96	Limonium	Limonium	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
97	Limonium vulgare	L. vulgare	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
98	Linum	Linum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
99	Linum cf. austriacum	L. cf. austriacum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
100	Papaveraceae	Papae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
101	Papaver cf. agremone	P. cf. agremone	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
102	Plantago	Plantago	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
103	Plantago cf. lanceolata	P. cf. lanceolata	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
104	Plumbaginaceae	Pluae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
105	Poaceae	Poac	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
106	Polygonum	Polygonum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
107	Polygonum cf. aviculare	P. cf. aviculare	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
108	Polygonum cf. bistorta	P. cf. bistorta	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
109	Polygonum cf. cognatum	P. cf. cognatum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
110	Polygonum cf. raii	P. cf. raii	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
111	Ranunculaceae	Ranae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
112	Anemone cf. coronaria	A. cf. coronaria	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
113	Helleborus	Helleborus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
114	Helleborus cf. niger	H. cf. niger	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
115	Pulsatilla cf. alpina	P. cf. alpina	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
116	Ranunculus cf. acris	R. cf. acris	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
117	Rhamnus	Rha	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
118	Rosaceae	Rosae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
119	Filipendula	Flp	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
120	Polentilla	Polentilla	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
121	Sanguisorba cf. minor	S. cf. minor	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
122	Rubiaceae	Rubae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
123	Rumex	Rumex	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
124	Rumex cf. aquaticus	R. cf. aquaticus	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
125	Saxifragaceae	Saxae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
126	Solanaceae	Solanaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
127	Solanum	Solanum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
128	Symphytum	Symphytum	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
129	Thalictrum	Tha	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
130	Tubuliflorae	Tubuliflorae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
131	Urticaceae	Urticaceae	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
132	Urtica cf. dubia	U. cf. dubia	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
133	Valeriana	Val	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
134	Valeriana cf. officinalis	V. cf. officinalis	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
135	Veronica	Veronica	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Non-arboreal pollen
136	Pediastrum	Pdi	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
137	Monactinus simplex	M. simplex	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
138	Pediastrum alternans	Ped.a	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
139	Pediastrum integrum	Pdi.i	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
140	Pediastrum simplex	Ped.s	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
141	Pseudopediastrum boryanum	P. boryanum	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
142	Pseudopediastrum kawraiskyi	P. kawraiskyi	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
143	Botryococcus	Bot	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Algae
144	Dinoflagellates	Dinofl	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
145	Dinoflagellates	Dinofl	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	cf.; Aquatic plants
146	Lemna cf. minor	L. cf. minor	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
147	Myriophyllum	Myo	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
148	Myriophyllum cf. spicatum	M. cf. spicatum	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
149	Potamogeton	Pot	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
150	Sparganiaceae	Spaae	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
151	Utricularia cf. neglecta	U. cf. neglecta	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
152	Typha latifolia	Typ.l	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Aquatic plants
153	Bryophyta	Bryophyta	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Mosses
154	Polypodiaceae	Pocae	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	Pteridophytha
155	Charcoal	Charcoal	#	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology	>20 µm
156	Arboreal pollen	AP	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology
157	Non arboreal pollen	NAP	%	Pickarski, Nadine	Counting, palynology
158	δ13C, bulk carbonate	δ13C bulk carb	‰ PDB	Pickarski, Nadine	Mass spectrometry	with respect to VPDB
159	δ18O, bulk carbonate	δ18O bulk carb	‰ PDB	Pickarski, Nadine	Mass spectrometry	with respect to VPDB

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Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

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34113 data points

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