Neumann, Frank Harald; Roberts, David; Cawthra, Hayley C; Carr, Andrew S; Scott, Louis; Durugbo, Ernest; Humphries, Marc; Cowling, Richard; Bamford, Marion; Musekiwa, Chiedza; Machutchon, Michael (2017): Palynology of marine sediment core SBQW4, Saldanha Bay (South Africa), early Miocene [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.871075, Supplement to: Neumann, FH et al. (2017): Palaeoenvironments during a terminal Oligocene or early Miocene transgression in a fluvial system at the southwestern tip of Africa. Global and Planetary Change, 150, 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2017.01.007
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Abstract:
A multi-proxy study of an offshore core in Saldanha Bay (South Africa) provides new insights into fluvial deposition, ecosystems, phytogeography and sea-level history during the late Paleogene-early Neogene. Offshore seismic data reveal bedrock topography, and provide evidence of relative sea levels as low as -100 m during the Oligocene. 3D landscape reconstruction reveals hills, plains and an anastomosing river system. A Chattian or early Miocene age for the sediments is inferred from dinoflagellate taxa Distatodinium craterum, Chiropteridium lobospinosum, Homotryblium plectilum and Impagidinium paradoxum. The subtropical forest revealed by palynology includes lianas and vines, evergreen trees, palms and ferns, implying higher water availability than today, probably reduced seasonal drought and stronger summer rainfall. From topography, sedimentology and palynology we reconstruct Podocarpaceaedominated forests, Proto-Fynbos, and swamp/riparian forests with palms and other angiosperms. Rhizophoraceae present the first South African evidence of Palaeogene/Neogene mangroves. Subtropical woodland-thicket with Combretaceae and Brachystegia (Peregrinipollis nigericus) probably developed on coastal plains. Some of the last remaining Gondwana elements on the sub-continent, e.g., Araucariaceae, are recorded. Charred particles signal fires prior to the onset of summer dry climate at the Cape. Marine and terrestrial palynomorphs, together with organic and inorganic geochemical proxy data, suggest a gradual glacio-eustatic transgression. The data shed light on Southern Hemisphere biogeography and regional climatic conditions at the Palaeogene-Neogene transition. The proliferation of the vegetation is partly ascribed to changes in South Atlantic oceanographic circulation, linked to the closure of the Central American Seaway and the onset of the Benguela Current ~14 Ma.
Coverage:
Latitude: -33.021170 * Longitude: 17.985000
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 18.725 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 28.725 m
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
# | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Neumann, Frank Harald | Geocode | |
2 | cf. Aceripollenites | cf. Aceripollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Aceri | |
3 | Aizoaceae | Aizoeae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Aizoaa | |
4 | Anacardiaceae | Anaae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Anacar | |
5 | Araliaceoipollenites reticuloides | A. reticuloides | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Araliaceret | |
6 | Araucariacites | Araucariacites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Araucari | |
7 | Araucariacites australis | A. australis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Araucariau | |
8 | Arecipites plectilimuratus | A. plectilimuratus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Arecplect | |
9 | Arecipites spp. | Arecipites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Areci | |
10 | Artemisiaepollenites | Artemisiaepollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Artemis | |
11 | Baculatisporites | Baculatisporites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Baculati | |
12 | Baumannipollis variaperturatus | B. variaperturatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Baumannipollis | |
13 | Bequaertiodendron | Bequaertiodendron | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Bequae | |
14 | Blaeria-type | Blaeria-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Blaer | |
15 | Botryococcus | Bot | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Botryo | |
16 | Brachylaena-type | Brachylaena-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Brachyl | |
17 | Brachysporisporites | Brachysporisporites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Brachyspor | |
18 | Bruguieria-type | Bruguieria-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Brug | |
19 | cf. Byttneripollis | cf. Byttneripollis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Byttner | |
20 | Camarazonosporites | Camarazonosporites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Camarazo | |
21 | Camarazonosporites bankiensis | C. bankiensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: CamarazoB | |
22 | Canthiumidites spp. | Canthiumidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Canth | |
23 | Caprifoliipites viburnoides | C. viburnoides | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Caprif | |
24 | Cupuliferoipollenites oviformis | C. oviformis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Castaov | |
25 | Celastraceae | Celae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Celas | |
26 | Mohria-type | Mohria-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Cicatri | |
27 | Celtipollenites sp. | Celtipollenites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sp. 1 (cf. Trema), Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Trema | |
28 | Charcoal | Charcoal | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Charred particles >10 µm, Group: Charred particles, Code: Charcoal10 | |
29 | Charcoal | Charcoal | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Charred particles >50 µm, Group: Charred particles, Code: Charcoal50 | |
30 | Charcoal | Charcoal | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Charred particles > 100 µm, Group: Charred particles, Code: Charcoal100 | |
31 | Chenopodiaceae | Cheae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Chenopod | |
32 | Christensenia-type | Christensenia-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Christen | |
33 | Clavatipollenites spp. | Clavatipollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Clava | |
34 | Psilatricolporites quenua | P. quenua | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Cliffort | |
35 | Combretaceae | Comeae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Combreta | |
36 | Commiphora-type | Commiphora-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | (Burseraceae); Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Commiph | |
37 | Corrugatisporites sp. | Corrugatisporites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Corrugat | |
38 | Crotonipollis spp. | Crotonipollis spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Croton | |
39 | Cryptogrammasporis spp. | Cryptogrammasporis spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Cryptogr | |
40 | Cupaniedites indeterminable | Cupaniedites indet | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Cupani | |
41 | Cupaniedites major | C. major | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Cupanim | |
42 | Cupressaceae/Taxodiaceae | Cup/Tax | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Cupressa | |
43 | Cyathidites australis | C. australis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Cyathiaus | |
44 | Cymatiosphaera | Cymatiosphaera | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Cymatiosp | |
45 | Cyperaceae | Cypae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Cyperac | |
46 | Cyperaceaepollis piriformis | C. piriformis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Cyperpiri | |
47 | Debarya | Deb | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Debary | |
48 | cf. Dichrostachys-type | cf. Dichrostachys-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Dichro | |
49 | cf. Dicolpopollis spp. | cf. Dicolpopollis spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Dicolpo | |
50 | Cooksonidium capricornium | C. capricornium | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Cook | |
51 | Homotryblium plectilum | H. plectilum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Homotry | |
52 | Chiropteridium lobospinosum | C. lobospinosum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Chiropt | |
53 | Hafniasphaera septata | H. septata | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Hafniasph | |
54 | Achomosphaera sp. | Achomosphaera sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Achomo | |
55 | Operculodinum centrocarpus | O. centrocarpus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Operculod | |
56 | Dinoflagellate indeterminata | Dinofl indet | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Dinounid | |
57 | Achomosphaera ramulifera | A. ramulifera | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Achomo ram | |
58 | Spiniferites ramosus | S. ramosus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Spiniram | |
59 | Spiniferites pseudofurcatus | S. pseudofurcatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Spinipseud | |
60 | Spiniferites mirabilis | S. mirabilis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Spinimira | |
61 | Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae | H. rigaudiae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Hystricho | |
62 | Chiropteridium sp. | Chiropteridium sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Chiropter | |
63 | Spiniferites spp. | Spiniferites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Spinispp | |
64 | Reticulatosphaera cf. actinocoronata | R. cf. actinocoronata | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Reticulatosp | |
65 | Impagidinium paradoxum | I. paradoxum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Impagid | |
66 | Distatodinium craterum | D. craterum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Distato | |
67 | Cordosphaeridium minimum | C. minimum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Codosphaeri | |
68 | Glaphyrocysta sp. | Glaphyrocysta sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: Glaphyrocys | |
69 | Diospyropollenites sp. | Diospyropollenites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Diosp | |
70 | Equisetum sp. | Equisetum sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Equisetum | |
71 | Ericipites spp. | Ericipites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Ericacea | |
72 | Ericipites callidus | E. callidus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Ericcall | |
73 | Euphorbiaceae | Eupae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Euph | |
74 | Fabaceae | Fabae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Fabac | |
75 | cf. Fraxinipollis | cf. Fraxinipollis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Fraxini | |
76 | Fungal fruit-bodies | Fungal fruit | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Fungfru | |
77 | Fungal germling | Fungal germling | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Funggerm | |
78 | Fungal spores | Fung.spo | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Fungsp | |
79 | Fungi | Fungi | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Fungi | |
80 | Galium-type | Gal-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Galium | |
81 | Geraniaceae | Gerae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Gerania | |
82 | Glencopollis ornatus | G. ornatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Glenco | |
83 | Caesalpiniaceae | Caesalpiniaceae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Gordon | |
84 | Grewia-type | Grewia-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Grew | |
85 | Graminidites spp. | Graminidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Poaceae | |
86 | Graminidites cf. crassiglobosus | G. cf. crassiglobosus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Gramcrass | |
87 | Graminidites cf. neogenicus | G. cf. neogenicus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Gramneo | |
88 | Grootipollis sp. | Grootipollis sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Groot | |
89 | Hygrophila-type | Hygrop-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Hygroph | |
90 | Hypha | Hypha | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Hypha | |
91 | Ilexpollenites spp. | Ilexpollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Ilex | |
92 | Illexpollenites illiacus | I. illiacus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Ilexill | |
93 | Ilexpollenites margaritatus | I. margaritatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Ilexmar | |
94 | Involutisporis | Involutisporis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Involut | |
95 | Laevigatosporites haardtii | L. haardtii | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Laevihar | |
96 | Leiotriletes maximus | L. maximus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Leiomaxi | |
97 | Leiotriletes maxoides | L. maxoides | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Leiomaxo | |
98 | Leiotriletes wolffii | L. wolffii | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Leiow | |
99 | Liliacidites spp. | Liliacidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Lilia | |
100 | Liliacidites minutes | L. minutes | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Liliamin | |
101 | Liliacidites | Liliacidites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Liliacidites A, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: LiliaA | |
102 | Lycopodiella inundata | Lyc.i | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Lycpdie | |
103 | cf. Dacrydiumites | cf. Dacrydiumites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | cf. Dacrydiumites A, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Lygistep | |
104 | cf. Dacrydiumites | cf. Dacrydiumites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | cf. Dacrydiumites B, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Lygistepfl | |
105 | Malvaceae | Malvae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Malva | |
106 | Manilkara-type | Manilkara-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Manilk | |
107 | Meliaceoidites sp. | Meliaceoidites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Meliaceoid | |
108 | Microcachrydites antarcticus | M. antarcticus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: 3sacc | |
109 | Foraminifera, linings | Foram lin | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Microforam lining, Group: Other microfossils, Code: MicFor | |
110 | Microfoveolatisporis fromensis | M. fromensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Microfov | |
111 | Microsclerotium | Microsclerotium | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Microscl | |
112 | Momipites sp. | Momipites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Momipi | |
113 | Monocolpopollenites spp. | Monocolpopollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Monocol | |
114 | Monocolpopollenites | Monocolpopollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Monocolpopollenites A, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: MonocolA | |
115 | Monocolpopollenites | Monocolpopollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Monocolpopollenites (Chagr), Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: MonocolAC | |
116 | Arecipites cf. otagoensis | A. cf. otagoensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Monocoltra | |
117 | Spores, monolete | monolete | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: mono | |
118 | Spores, monolete | monolete | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | MonoletA, Group: Cryptogams, Code: monoA | |
119 | Mutisiae | Mutisiae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | questionable, Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Mutisia | |
120 | Myricipites spp. | Myricipites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Myrica | |
121 | Myricipites harrisii | M. harrisii | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Myrihar | |
122 | Myrtaceidites parvus | M. parvus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Myrtacea | |
123 | Gleicheniidites | Gleicheniidites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Gleicheniidites A, Group: Cryptogams, Code: Neogenc | |
124 | Gleicheniidites spp. | Gleicheniidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Neogen | |
125 | Neuradaceae | Neuradaceae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Neurad | |
126 | Ludwigia-type | Ludwigia-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Ludwigia | |
127 | Ovoidites sp. | Ovoidites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Ovoid | |
128 | Palmae-trichotomosulcate | Palmae-trichotomosulcate | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Palmtric | |
129 | Parthenopollenites formosus | P. formosus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Parthform | |
130 | Parthenopollenites marcodurensis | P. marcodurensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Parthmarco | |
131 | Parthenopollenites neshobensis | P. neshobensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Parthnes | |
132 | Peregrinipollis nigericus | P. nigericus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Peregri | |
133 | Phoenix-type | Phoenix-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Phoen | |
134 | Podocarpidites kamiesberg | P. kamiesberg | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Podocak | |
135 | Podocarpidites | Podocarpidites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Podocarpidites A, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Podocaspe | |
136 | Podocarpidites spp. | Podocarpidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Podoca | |
137 | Podocarpidites torquatus | P. torquatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Podocartor | |
138 | Polygala-type | Poa-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Polga | |
139 | Polypodiaceoisporites sp. | Polypodiaceoisporites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Polpodoi | |
140 | Potamogeton-type | Pot-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Potamog | |
141 | Prasinophytes | Prasinophytes | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Prasino | |
142 | Propylipollis meyeri | P. meyeri | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: PropylMey | |
143 | Propylipollis sp. | Propylipollis sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sp. Sch, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: PropylS | |
144 | Proteacidites spp. | Proteacidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Protea | |
145 | Proteacidites | Proteacidites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Proteacidites B, Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: ProteatB | |
146 | Proteacidites bakkeri granulatus | Proteacidites bakkeri granulatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: ProteaB | |
147 | Pterospermella spp. | Pterospermella spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Pterosp | |
148 | Pseudoschizaea sp. | Pseudoschizaea sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Pseudoschiz | |
149 | Pseudowinterapollis couperi | P. couperi | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Wintero | |
150 | Psilatricolporites crassiexinus | P. crassiexinus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Psilacrass | |
151 | Psilatricolporites cf. atalangensis | P. cf. atalangensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Psilaata | |
152 | Psilatricolporites operculatus | P. operculatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Alchorn | |
153 | Pterocelastrus-type | Pterocelastrus-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Pterocel | |
154 | Quercoidites spp. | Quercoidites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Quercoi | |
155 | cf. Quercoidites henrici | cf. Q. henrici | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Quercoihen | |
156 | Quercopollenites cf. asper | Q. cf. asper | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Quercasp | |
157 | Quercopollenites cf. granulatus | Q. cf. granulatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Quercgra | |
158 | Rhamnaceaepollenites sp. | Rhamnaceaepollenites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhamna | |
159 | Restionaceae | Restceae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Restiona | |
160 | Retitriletes spp. | Retitriletes spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Retitril | |
161 | Rhizophoraceae | Rhizophoraceae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhizoph | |
162 | Rhoipites alveolatus | R. alveolatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhoialveo | |
163 | Rhoipites spp. | Rhoipites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhoi | |
164 | Rhoipites couperi | R. couperi | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhoisphae | |
165 | Rhuspollenites sp. | Rhuspollenites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Rhuspo | |
166 | Rhynchosia-type | Rhynch-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Rhyncho | |
167 | Rosaceae | Rosae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Rosa | |
168 | Rubiaceae | Rubae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Rubac | |
169 | Rugulasporites spp. | Rugulasporites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Rugula | |
170 | Santalaceae | Santeae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Santala | |
171 | Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp. | Sapotaceoidaepollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Sapotace | |
172 | Scrophulariaceae | Scoae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Scrophul | |
173 | Sigmopollis sp. | Sigmopollis sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Sigmop | |
174 | cf. Slovakipollis | cf. Slovakipollis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Slovaki | |
175 | Solanum-type | Solanum-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Solanum | |
176 | Sparganiaceaepollenites barungensis | S. barungensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: Sparga | |
177 | Spinitricolpites spp. | Spinitricolpites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Spinitric | |
178 | Spinitricolpites jennerclarkei | S. jennerclarkei | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Spinitricj | |
179 | Spirostachys-type | S-T | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Spirostach | |
180 | Stereoisporites sp. | Stereoisporites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Stereoisp | |
181 | cf. Styraxipollis stuchliki | cf. S. stuchliki | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Styraxi | |
182 | Tetracolporopollenites sapotoides | T. sapotoides | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Mimusops | |
183 | Tetraploea | Tetraploea | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: Tetraplo | |
184 | Thymelipollis sp. | Thymelipollis sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Thymelipol | |
185 | Todisporites spp. | Todisporites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Todi | |
186 | Tricolpites | Tricolpites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Tricolpites D, Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: TricolpD | |
187 | Tricolpites gillii | T. gillii | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: TricolpGi | |
188 | Rhoipites arnotiensis | R. arnotiensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Triarnot | |
189 | Tricolporopollenites | Tricolporopollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Tricolporopollenites B, Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: TricolpoB | |
190 | Tricolporopollenites brinkiae | T. brinkiae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tribrink | |
191 | Tricolporopollenites | Tricolporopollenites | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Tricolporopollenites C, Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tricolpc | |
192 | Tricolporopollenites coetzeeae | T. coetzeeae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Tricolcoe | |
193 | Tricolporopollenites eofagoides | T. eofagoides | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tricolefa | |
194 | Simpsonipollis grandis | S. grandis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Tricolgran | |
195 | Tricolporopollenites marginatus | T. marginatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Tricolmarg | |
196 | Oleoidearumpollenites spp. | Oleoidearumpollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Oleas | |
197 | Spores, trilete | trilete spores | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Trilete | |
198 | Triorites operculatus | T. operculatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Triorop | |
199 | Triporopollenites namaquensis | T. namaquensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Triporopoll | |
200 | cf. Triporotetradites sp. | cf. Triporotetradites sp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Triporo | |
201 | Tubulifloridites anthemidearum | T. anthemidearum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tubulianthe | |
202 | Tubulifloridites antipodica | T. antipodica | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tubulianti | |
203 | Tubulifloridites gigans | T. gigans | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tubuligiga | |
204 | Tubulifloridites macroechinatus | T. macroechinatus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tubulimacro | |
205 | Tubulifloridites spp. | Tubulifloridites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Astera | |
206 | Mutisiapollis viteauensis | M. viteauensis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Tubulviteau | |
207 | Umbeliferoipollenites spp. | Umbeliferoipollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Umbelif | |
208 | Unknown pollen and spores | Unk | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Unidentified general, Group: Unidentified, Code: Unident | |
209 | Urticales | Urtles | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Urtica | |
210 | Varia | Varia | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Unidentified, Code: Varia | |
211 | cf. Verrucatiporites rotundiporus | cf. V. rotundiporus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: Verrurot | |
212 | Verrucatisporites alienus | V. alienus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Verrucatalie | |
213 | Verrucatisporites favus | V. favus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Verrucatfav | |
214 | Verrucatisporites spp. | Verrucatisporites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Verrucat | |
215 | Verrucatisporites alienus | V. alienus | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: Verrucatmin | |
216 | Vitaceae | Viteae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Vitacea | |
217 | Zonalapollenites spp. | Zonalapollenites spp. | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Zonalap | |
218 | Zonalopollenites cf. gracilis | Z. cf. gracilis | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Zonalgr | |
219 | Zonalopollenites perisaccate | Z. perisaccate | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Zonalperi | |
220 | Zonocostites ramonae | Z. ramonae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: Zonocost | |
221 | Zygnemataceae | Zygnemataceae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: Zyg | |
222 | sum trees and shrubs | s trees+shrubs | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(A) | |
223 | sum herbs and shrublets | s herbs+shrublets | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(B) | |
224 | sum Cryptogams | s Cryptogams | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(D) | |
225 | Sum algae | s algae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(I) | |
226 | sum Fungi | s Fungi | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(G) | |
227 | Sum charcoal | s charcoal | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Charred particles, SSUM(P), Code: SUM(J) | |
228 | sum aquatics and water plants | s aquatics + water plants | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | SSUM(P), Code: SUM(C) | |
229 | Dinoflagellates, total | Dinofl total | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum Dinoflagellates, SSUM(P), Code: SUM(F) | |
230 | Sum | Sum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum others, SSUM(P), Code: SUM(K) | |
231 | Sum | Sum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum unidentified, SSUM(P), Code: SUM(E) | |
232 | sum trees and shrubs | s trees+shrubs | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest, Code: SSUM(SUM(A)) | |
233 | sum herbs and shrublets | s herbs+shrublets | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: SSUM(SUM(B)) | |
234 | sum Cryptogams | s Cryptogams | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Cryptogams, Code: SSUM(SUM(D)) | |
235 | Sum algae | s algae | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Algae, Code: SSUM(SUM(I)) | |
236 | sum Fungi | s Fungi | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Fungi, Code: SSUM(SUM(G)) | |
237 | Sum charcoal | s charcoal | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Charred particles, Group: Charred particles, Code: SSUM(SUM(J)) | |
238 | sum aquatics and water plants | s aquatics + water plants | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Aquatics & water plants - wetland, Code: SSUM(SUM(C)) | |
239 | Dinoflagellates, total | Dinofl total | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum Dinoflagellates, Group: Dinoflagellates, Code: SSUM(SUM(F)) | |
240 | Sum | Sum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum others, Group: Other microfossils, Code: SSUM(SUM(K)) | |
241 | Sum | Sum | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | sum unidentified, Group: Unidentified, Code: SSUM(SUM(E)) | |
242 | Pollen, land, total | Land pollen tot | # | Neumann, Frank Harald | Group: Trees & shrubs - forest and Herbs & shrublets - open land, Code: SSUM(SSUM(P)) |
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