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Smedsrud, Lars Henrik; Halvorsen, Mari H; Stroeve, Julienne C; Zhang, Rong; Kloster, Kjell (2016): Fram Strait sea ice export variability over the last 80 years [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.868944, Supplement to: Smedsrud, LH et al. (2017): Fram Strait sea ice export variability and September Arctic sea ice extent over the last 80 years. The Cryosphere, 11(1), 65-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-65-2017

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Abstract:
A new long-term data record of Fram Strait sea ice area export from 1935 to 2014 is developed using a combination of satellite radar images and station observations of surface pressure across Fram Strait. This data record shows that the long-term annual mean export is about 880?000 km**2, representing 10 % of the sea-ice-covered area inside the basin. The time series has large interannual and multi-decadal variability but no long-term trend. However, during the last decades, the amount of ice exported has increased, with several years having annual ice exports that exceeded 1 million km**2. This increase is a result of faster southward ice drift speeds due to stronger southward geostrophic winds, largely explained by increasing surface pressure over Greenland. Evaluating the trend onwards from 1979 reveals an increase in annual ice export of about +6 % per decade, with spring and summer showing larger changes in ice export (+11 % per decade) compared to autumn and winter (+2.6 % per decade). Increased ice export during winter will generally result in new ice growth and contributes to thinning inside the Arctic Basin. Increased ice export during summer or spring will, in contrast, contribute directly to open water further north and a reduced summer sea ice extent through the ice?albedo feedback. Relatively low spring and summer export from 1950 to 1970 is thus consistent with a higher mid-September sea ice extent for these years. Our results are not sensitive to long-term change in Fram Strait sea ice concentration. We find a general moderate influence between export anomalies and the following September sea ice extent, explaining 18?% of the variance between 1935 and 2014, but with higher values since 2004.
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 79.000000 * Median Longitude: -5.000000 * South-bound Latitude: 79.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -15.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 79.000000 * East-bound Longitude: 5.000000
Date/Time Start: 1935-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-01-01T00:00:00
Event(s):
Fram-Strait_Sea-ice * Latitude Start: 79.000000 * Longitude Start: -15.000000 * Latitude End: 79.000000 * Longitude End: 5.000000 * Location: Fram Strait
Comment:
In this study we rely on a combination of ice drift speeds estimated from Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) WideSwath and Radarsat-2 ScanSAR (from 2012) images and monthly mean sea level pressure differences across Fram Strait to construct a long-term data record of FS ice export.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeSmedsrud, Lars HenrikGeocode
2 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikJanuary, mean
3 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikFebruary, mean
4 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikMarch, mean
5 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikApril, mean
6 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikMay, mean
7 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikJune, mean
8 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikJuly, mean
9 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikAugust, mean
10 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikSeptember, mean
11 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikOctober, mean
12 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikNovember, mean
13 Sea ice area, flux, at given time intervalIce area flux103 km2Smedsrud, Lars HenrikDecember, mean
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
960 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(January, mean)		3 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(February, mean)		4 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(March, mean)		5 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(April, mean)		6 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(May, mean)		7 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(June, mean)		8 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(July, mean)		9 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(August, mean)		10 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(September, mean)		11 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(October, mean)		12 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(November, mean)		13 
Ice area flux [103 km2]
(December, mean)
1935116.440050194.05764058.53722969.72925278.00660933.3808030045.204051040.2720020047.8581170043.322552020.558069099.3968690
1936136.45791064.51397785.19401591.61805940.46088560.3476550041.635534042.0606440099.8326700070.5527700123.5839600205.8896500
193747.53790198.75509274.75648566.76100866.14596993.8646870024.315746035.1717710065.9261340092.0450940118.341840057.5742930
1938135.417860164.804040158.349040103.00743075.12889634.1755560043.922283072.8990970082.404644003.764538874.341123011.9221610
1939117.462560119.33118064.580536111.06947034.02574877.5123140044.619526047.4797070066.2624980055.2585170123.4665900124.0150700
194067.489202100.62550077.065420114.78398030.59678831.2308600024.315746022.4279970045.2318640065.478639089.4754140113.9090500
1941106.955500108.381600113.259070102.59545060.28496131.2308600024.315746022.4279970045.2318640065.478639089.4754140113.9090500
1942106.955500108.381600113.259070102.59545060.28496131.2308600024.315746022.4279970045.2318640065.478639089.4754140113.9090500
1943106.955500108.381600113.259070102.59545060.28496131.2308600024.315746022.4279970045.2318640065.478639089.4754140113.9090500
1944106.955500108.381600113.259070102.59545060.28496131.2308600024.315746022.4279970045.2318640065.478639089.4754140113.9090500
1945106.955500108.381600113.259070102.59545060.28496131.2308600024.315746022.427997003.37038190121.962660036.970020091.8306140
194617.14208986.70819689.63028386.41387769.57260317.5598160024.6945230-10.3145060039.3954850029.755035065.16317409.0245874
194734.83580858.370832134.593940107.86648052.32385212.4794450028.355897026.9812720095.8349310082.362598063.921125094.8146050
194893.99355367.64217990.090998254.81133068.76908332.5860500013.156828047.06569000102.0242300097.9733570102.0250800116.3337700
1949141.237520135.302820117.092920127.68753040.976525-4.2957113072.347851077.6296850073.9794040052.613217028.6954300117.8257600
1950-14.418120104.756350166.654580121.05094090.97206837.794885005.758754613.7080740042.5167060056.243639074.1904730105.0903900
195190.41627078.466885140.455640127.20696038.76510187.9031450043.340085039.6565240071.2476860084.447886074.4117940119.0035800
195287.908200119.72712055.34944973.34214153.61205940.9891040062.072064088.51862300100.91065000-5.0437655121.3147400102.1373500
1953136.123870120.280690105.187900118.72858093.9029217.5164436055.743204039.7738950074.1808650070.0768490117.6381600121.9256700
1954125.38093057.598806115.70720088.06296222.32863780.2638910056.568910063.6061060081.6717960072.181996012.0931100133.9346300
1955153.339340125.810150121.81008073.44841890.14636339.9309840061.693654066.9953470015.01202800100.202310070.8432770113.7591400
195699.92825653.700364103.87751062.61905985.15473667.3206180013.431287060.6419740068.2636950051.672468047.852519040.7950240
195785.63719774.176613100.40185090.97395552.53408072.3986630040.935965060.3056090052.7259340094.610956082.8259410116.8096900
1958118.729540112.386380103.38440079.51812763.99676043.6748820074.158596048.1590090050.2720300056.089440083.0726950131.8029300
1959152.923050124.323960120.34284080.64004070.36902563.5746780019.518476041.205602009.9100028015.721946065.916102080.2532160
1960105.208850128.445880103.77087088.88147053.88879435.468427007.726158528.43157200-3.0075985062.381090063.7101980107.0830600
196184.343983107.572440205.015720152.57720061.04744339.2409450019.2692130-1.5953850039.3264620047.173542086.2515300159.0963300
196299.600074132.428820186.483450108.64854056.52990341.4712660041.960520023.3556580035.68936200105.066360089.8463520107.6540400
1963118.698270132.96295060.482291116.72849041.0090546.6436699049.65049208.2005154029.6518400038.3265930104.2028600120.4951100
1964129.079970106.22197071.57865159.92307660.81636221.74558800-16.223711022.6364330058.8399280060.5100910101.2903300129.2373200
1965117.99343099.292431135.96202077.74111859.85943826.9716540038.322625010.3014710016.6700830029.7697540102.662410091.6019910
1966131.08909092.966630122.36184044.71207156.115387-4.8994429021.449404042.2707680070.7964290051.5455760116.054920095.8091010
196794.599493116.267510166.116540100.41210027.40050136.9284210015.6461220-20.839580007.7090696078.090425069.3145970111.9980600
1968122.920640160.911910151.143660110.80490061.73894537.6944860015.350615045.2018270033.3664250066.215675052.9089950120.5505800
1969137.191850147.738390108.89607073.67105125.628230-11.90579500-23.1148980-0.7266340352.0697160085.0911870125.3202300128.3212800
197092.59126598.520038138.21087081.15591347.8421823.0522448038.346242014.496747004.3530863069.119933078.8528230136.7055500
1971149.62892070.497907142.50979094.07921442.29835729.5881940043.904351010.1759260029.6061840077.5740410145.2910000130.8178900
197241.533029131.713220115.549820112.30370042.115012-14.9469230020.221283033.3842630043.9830570035.297774070.0375540108.6660100
197385.102930171.936620145.561540141.22042079.91485932.6226930010.430491040.2102380019.0183330095.5367140149.3457100132.9812600
197466.772188112.12745078.433351100.82274061.70638718.7248500025.557620029.6946270062.2609510029.089492054.1403860177.6278900
1975148.195100117.590710165.261800129.57513074.11593449.7441220016.55082000.7389531089.1204500044.543284099.7966880166.6413500
1976122.15553048.61065433.369123126.83698033.72307715.6724650033.559291020.5768340076.398736002.861334897.1368520100.7469000
197793.39768581.701857116.75421090.94174471.56160547.2707810025.3323730-17.8974760039.0443580024.9713280103.407030096.5896150
1978131.837010134.597420108.40971084.62442027.0605274.1094286027.21180004.2515419044.6940800057.4384070114.683590092.6761710
197996.84280375.24204166.33245698.88584690.12351124.558678005.5996144-1.3473058069.6560460036.5197160105.0273100100.5197600
198094.43965599.14064750.58585772.66282554.88288525.5705180017.745223021.4154510031.28616300100.9793800101.3944800138.1252800
1981137.05136098.744522126.929200103.42994047.93091762.7868670024.315746022.4279970045.2318640060.7149870107.9800400111.7471200
1982124.630310102.50340071.718645102.86260050.05468148.3038630014.114501021.6963720039.1664710025.807400092.8122610137.7977100
1983142.344340123.719180117.507230105.44954046.72608118.4446600011.903145050.3532760068.3352660083.5960360126.3974900114.1443400
1984104.716330101.98864084.50884376.79971949.07862835.234204008.4997794-14.9677130037.6567250047.714271054.894066058.9442290
1985111.03760077.816512104.687730122.85491060.06112422.17424500-21.029651025.4103180069.0470120065.920324095.2330700131.6587100
198685.48884094.17916690.12441295.37359954.26589811.076427001.1746888-8.5761877054.1429580074.6508240122.019810039.2152350
198760.878580111.48138084.12481550.86483553.52000914.2884450039.609536033.8179030040.8084980055.016401080.6739600147.2138800
1988103.93588060.740124120.789480138.45811047.864483-6.6950500022.9379570-17.3775840039.5666480052.556604097.2235310111.8894400
1989118.347410128.610870119.92956090.20419578.10457115.567339005.318353625.4277090033.8509450054.734843082.5756860123.7186200
199035.632338126.484600132.60156098.94936579.8384680.94460907-25.458391011.651759000.3469364583.2924530103.8617300120.0142400
1991105.67045087.03563091.909823122.58773068.4480163.9512719015.83751101.1608712050.1623610065.075373090.1303030127.0344900
1992134.839170107.278830150.13648061.67335987.71766735.1205950022.418361017.5510950011.0208480055.650558056.8843120126.2748900
1993145.816780153.819170132.610480111.66608087.67913235.0010600028.5127810-10.4162010034.6188110081.7651500-6.5538338153.0361200
1994155.48573079.925792135.433190129.06421060.62335535.9906320010.907184034.5856400052.45035500108.592250079.9332070165.5307900
1995154.709830170.487310132.009120153.89641067.98139517.5014930062.485894040.4729280042.1858720069.747580086.0324730133.3179900
199680.370003101.55655071.966696102.86130064.8320567.57581860-2.71657201.6537629024.9141040088.8440020160.0295700124.7162200
1997131.55920095.63624798.440570136.78828058.51050830.76283500-15.95191602.7938555056.9892530075.477813068.831913093.9344890
1998107.30774091.02415486.17283963.57570880.69257426.4190820018.0302130-14.2575230046.4754770044.510502072.7585140144.4585100
199998.632436135.719260100.222650126.69866021.03902228.9253860047.868621024.9174060050.4075710055.736711087.5906200145.0074600
2000165.433610121.881500178.290190123.39503077.56523442.6075340013.961870014.6988370022.2586750034.457217084.7485470140.4449900
200189.175489112.708760133.944330104.88795064.79329120.7151590019.46945601.7840826036.1275220051.1906200115.278740091.9920400
2002128.965500160.444390118.280850107.02825044.80132220.815214007.252141616.0085790038.7736290028.396766039.155659047.9059350
2003137.85284077.007558141.23979098.74051860.07650218.267785009.9622022-9.8979645054.7189280073.533506068.2633350146.0975500
2004132.576140130.00000078.00000073.00000051.00000041.00000000-14.02709406.000000004.0000000042.000000076.0000000137.0000000
2005116.00000083.00000083.00000062.00000071.000000-6.00000000-2.00000007.0000000065.0000000087.000000096.000000039.0000000
200665.000000111.000000128.00000076.00000049.00000031.0000000011.00000008.0000000035.0000000074.0000000113.0000000106.0000000
2007133.00000060.00000083.000000109.00000072.00000064.0000000025.000000017.0000000070.00000000118.0000000138.0000000107.0000000
2008134.00000097.000000129.000000116.00000086.00000013.0000000020.000000020.0000000025.0000000097.0000000163.0000000100.0000000
200992.000000118.000000132.000000116.00000028.00000031.0000000041.000000024.0000000061.00000000130.0000000115.0000000115.0000000
201097.000000102.000000145.00000079.00000046.00000035.0000000011.00000001.000000003.00000000104.000000081.0000000146.0000000
2011131.00000072.000000169.000000120.00000083.00000061.0000000062.000000025.0000000019.0000000099.0000000107.0000000159.0000000
201295.000000151.000000115.000000129.000000142.00000064.0000000064.000000035.0000000049.00000000130.0000000107.000000095.0000000
2013111.000000134.000000144.000000151.00000068.00000028.0000000029.000000018.000000001.0000000081.0000000145.0000000106.0000000
201448.000000122.000000109.000000119.00000066.00000039.0000000027.000000013.0000000017.0000000068.000000065.0000000149.0000000