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Heezen, Bruce C; Glass, Bill; Menard, H William (1966): Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from R/V Vema Cruise 18 in the Manihiki Plaeau area, Pacific Ocean [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.867923, Supplement to: Heezen, BC et al. (1966): The Manihiki Plateau. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 13(3), 445-458, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(66)91079-5

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Abstract:
The Manihiki Plateau, a 600,000 km2 smooth and nearly flat-topped feature, lies in the west equatorial Pacific. Danger, Nassau, Suvorov and Manihiki Islands rise from the southern part of the plateau. Oceanic depths of about 5500 m surround the 2400-3000 m summit area. The top of the plateau is capped by approximately one kilometer of sediment. The sediment cores to the east and west of the plateau contain red clay but the top of the plateau is covered with foraminiferal ooze. Mineral grains and rock fragments in cores and dredge hauls from the east escarpment indicate that basic igneous rocks underlie a ridge that forms the eastern edge of the plateau north of 13°S. Bottom photographs and dredge hauls below 3000 m on the east scarp of the plateau and in the abyssal hills to the east reveal abundant manganese nodules. Most of the botton photographs show evidence of deep-sea currents. The plateau's shape is apparently controlled by faulting although much evidence of basic vulcanism is present in the cores. The occurrence of Cretaceous fossils on the eastern ridge of the plateau indicates that the bevelling of the plateau must have occurred during or before Cretaceous time. Twenty cores, two dredge hauls, four bottom trawls and fifteen camera stations from the Vema cruise 18.
Source:
Grant, John Bruce; Moore, Carla J; Alameddin, George; Chen, Kuiying; Barton, Mark (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V52Z13FT
Further details:
Warnken, Robin R; Virden, William T; Moore, Carla J (1992): The NOAA and MMS Marine Minerals Bibliography. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V53X84KN
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -12.423514 * Median Longitude: -161.001479 * South-bound Latitude: -12.770000 * West-bound Longitude: -165.800000 * North-bound Latitude: -11.870000 * East-bound Longitude: -159.367000
Date/Time Start: 1962-08-30T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1962-09-04T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.000 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 9.995 m
Event(s):
V18-024RD  * Latitude: -12.100000 * Longitude: -160.900000 * Date/Time: 1962-09-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2518.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: V18 * Basis: Vema * Method/Device: Dredge, rock (DRG_R)
V18-025RD  * Latitude: -12.275000 * Longitude: -161.025000 * Date/Time: 1962-09-02T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2950.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: V18 * Basis: Vema * Method/Device: Dredge, rock (DRG_R)
V18-115SBT  * Latitude: -12.233300 * Longitude: -160.933300 * Date/Time: 1962-09-02T00:00:00 * Elevation: -3360.0 m * Location: Pacific Ocean * Campaign: V18 * Basis: Vema * Method/Device: Dredge (DRG)
Comment:
From 1983 until 1989 NOAA-NCEI compiled the NOAA-MMS Marine Minerals Geochemical Database from journal articles, technical reports and unpublished sources from other institutions. At the time it was the most extended data compilation on ferromanganese deposits world wide. Initially published in a proprietary format incompatible with present day standards it was jointly decided by AWI and NOAA to transcribe this legacy data into PANGAEA. This transfer is augmented by a careful checking of the original sources when available and the encoding of ancillary information (sample description, method of analysis...) not present in the NOAA-MMS database.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
Event labelEventHeezen, Bruce C
Latitude of eventLatitudeHeezen, Bruce C
Longitude of eventLongitudeHeezen, Bruce C
Elevation of eventElevationmHeezen, Bruce C
Method/Device of eventMethod/DeviceHeezen, Bruce C
IdentificationIDHeezen, Bruce C
DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmHeezen, Bruce CGeocode
Depth, top/minDepth topmHeezen, Bruce C
Depth, bottom/maxDepth botmHeezen, Bruce C
10 PositionPositionHeezen, Bruce CVisual description
11 Deposit typeDeposit typeHeezen, Bruce C
12 Quantity of depositQuantityHeezen, Bruce C
13 SizeSizeHeezen, Bruce C
14 Substrate typeSubstrateHeezen, Bruce C
15 Sediment typeSedimentHeezen, Bruce C
16 CommentCommentHeezen, Bruce C
17 DescriptionDescriptionHeezen, Bruce C
18 File nameFile nameHeezen, Bruce C
19 Uniform resource locator/link to imageURL imageHeezen, Bruce C
Size:
728 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Event

Latitude

Longitude

Elevation [m]

Method/Device

ID

Depth sed [m]

Depth top [m]

Depth bot [m]
10 
Position
11 
Deposit type
12 
Quantity
13 
Size
14 
Substrate
15 
Sediment
16 
Comment
17 
Description
18 
File name
19 
URL image
V18-258 -11.870-165.800-5528Piston corerV18-258-15.6600.0011.32In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralClayMedium to dark brown, fairly light clay. Very little burrowing activity observed. Dark brown color becomes more dominant below 900 cmManganese very abundant and scattered throughout entire layer. Also present are some scattered manganese micronodules. These are more evident in the lower part of the layer.
V18-263 -12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-10.9000.001.80In sedimentMn micronoduleFewOozeLight brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze. Mottled by manganese dioxide, specks and horizontal and diagonal bands of manganese dioxideSilt-sized and sand-sized manganese particles amount to 5%.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-22.0451.802.29In sedimentMn micronoduleManyOozeMedium-to-dark brown, clayish, foraminiferal oozeMottled by light brovm burrows and many sand-sized specks of manganese dioxide.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-32.5702.472.67In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralOozeMedium brown, clayishs, foraminiferal ooze mottled by light brown burrowsContains sand-sized specks of manganese dioxide.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-42.8702.673.07BuriedMn coatingSeveralForaminiferaOozeLight brown, friable, slightly clayish, foraminiferal oozeA majority of the forams are medium or coarse sandsized. Some are coated with manganese dioxide.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-53.1503.073.23In sedimentMn micronoduleFewClayGrayish-white, faintly laminated, slightly silty layer of forams mixed with calcareous claySilt sized particles of manganese dioxide make up 5%.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-63.4003.403.40In sedimentMn micronoduleMany0.04 cmOozeGrayish-brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze grading down into a light brown and then medium brown oozeAt 340 cm. is a black concentration of manganese dioxide 4 mm. in diameter.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-74.9753.596.36In sedimentMn micronoduleFewOozeA long layer of alternating zones of light and medium brown, non clayish and clayish foraminiferal oozeSpeckled with small, black concentrations of manganese dioxide in the form of silt particles or larger, makes up 5%.
V18-273 -12.770-161.000-3367Piston corerV18-263-83.9603.953.97BuriedMn coating1Pebble; sedimentOozeA long layer of alternating zones of light and medium brown, non clayish and clayish foraminiferal oozeSubrounded to rounded sedimentary pebble with a manganese dioxide coating
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-96.4256.366.49In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralClayA mottled white band of calcareous clay and foram tests grading down into light brovm, clayish foraminiferal ooze. Forams make up 80% of the sedimentGranulesized particles of manganese dioxide occur in the lowest zone.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-106.9556.497.42In sedimentMn micronoduleMany0.01 cmClayA layer of light and medium brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze. Discolored by tan oxidation stains. Shows considerable burrowingFrequent dark specks of manganese dioxide that average 1 mm. in diameter.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-117.7307.627.84In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralOozeMedium-to-dark brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze. Mottled by light brown burrow markingsSpeckled with dark, sand-sized concentrations of manganese dioxide.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-127.9457.848.05BuriedMn coatingSeveralPebble; clayOozeLight brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze. In the top 6 cm. is a concentration of coarse and medium sand-sized forams mixedSmall sedimentary, clay-filled pebbles that are coated with manganese dioxide. These pebbles continue on down into the rest of the layer.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-138.6108.548.68BuriedMn coatingManyPebble; sedimentOozeMedium-to-dark brown, clayish, foraminiferal ooze. Mottled by concentrations of manganese dioxideA grayish-brown brecciated zone at 854-868 cm. contains a collection of large and small sedimentary pebbles, many of which are coated with manganese.
V18-263-12.080-160.900-3630Piston corerV18-263-149.9959.9410.05BuriedMn coatingSeveralPebble; clayClayGrayish-brown, foraminiferal clayAt 994-1005 cm. is a zone of dark, manganese-coated pebbles mixed with pieces of clay
V18-266 -12.270-161.100-2893Piston corerV18-266-10.6500.001.30BuriedMn coatingSeveralConsolidated sedimentClayForaminiferal silty clayManganese encrusted indurated silt and indurated sand
V18-266-12.270-161.100-2893Piston corerV18-266-21.6001.301.90BuriedMn coatingSeveralConsolidated sedimentSandGraded bed of coarse foraminiferal sandIndurated sand
V18-266-12.270-161.100-2893Piston corerV18-266-31.6001.301.90BuriedMn noduleSeveralFragmentSandGraded bed of coarse foraminiferal sandManganese fragments occur with sizes ranging from 1 cm. to 3 cm. in diameter. Both size and percentage of manganese fragments increases with depth.
V18-266-12.270-161.100-2893Piston corerV18-266-41.9751.902.05BuriedMn coatingSeveralUp to 3.0 cmConsolidated sedimentClayCalcareous clay with some foraminiferaManganese encrusted, indurated silt fragments (up to 3 cm. in diameter)
V18-266-12.270-161.100-2893Piston corerV18-266-51.9751.902.05BuriedMn crustManyFragmentClayCalcareous clay with some foraminiferaApproximately 50% manganese fragments
V18-267 -12.270-161.100-2760Piston corerV18-267-10.0750.000.15BuriedMn crustSeveralUp to 8.0 cmConsolidated sedimentSandApproximately 40% foraminiferal sand presentManganese encrusted, calcareous, indurated sand up to about 6-8 cm. in diameter.
V18-267-12.270-161.100-2760Piston corerV18-267-20.8500.151.55BuriedMn noduleSeveralClaySilty calcareous clay containing scattered foraminiferaManganese nodules
V18-267-12.270-161.100-2760Piston corerV18-267-31.7751.552.00In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSandTannish-brown, fine-grained sand mixed with about 10% carbonatesSmall amount of manganese micronodules and sporadic fragments of dark glass were seen.
V18-268 -12.270-161.100-2699Piston corerV18-268-10.0750.010.14BuriedMn crustSeveralFragmentSandClean, beige foraminferal sand covered by 1 cm of white calcareous clayManganese fragments
V18-268-12.270-161.100-2699Piston corerV18-268-20.0750.010.14BuriedMn coatingSeveralForaminiferaSandClean, beige foraminferal sand covered by 1 cm of white calcareous claySome of the foraminifera have a manganiferous coating and few are stained with iron oxide (secondary ?).
V18-268-12.270-161.100-2699Piston corerV18-268-30.0750.010.14In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSandClean, beige foraminferal sand covered by 1 cm of white calcareous clayManganese micronodules (less than 1%) occur.
V18-269 -12.250-161.000-2611Piston corerV18-269-10.3300.000.66In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSandLight tannish-brown foraminiferal sand. Foraminifera content about 80%.Occasional manganese micronodules are interspersed throughout.
V18-269-12.250-161.000-2611Piston corerV18-269-20.9450.861.03BuriedMn noduleSeveral3.0 cmSiltWhitish-tan, slightly disturbed, clayish foraminiferal siltA zone of moderate brown clay inclusions interspersed with large (3 cm. diameter) blue-black manganese macronodules occurs between 86-103 cm.
V18-269-12.250-161.000-2611Piston corerV18-269-30.9450.861.03BuriedMn coatingFewPebble; siltstoneSiltWhitish-tan, slightly disturbed, clayish foraminiferal siltOccasional manganese coated siltstone pebbles
V18-270 -12.230-161.000-3157Piston corerV18-270-10.3800.000.76BuriedMn coatingSeveralConsolidated sedimentClayWhite friable foraminiferal calcareous clay with approximately 40% pale-green clayish inclusions throughoutSome of the inclusions are coated with manganese.
V18-270-12.230-161.000-3157Piston corerV18-270-20.3800.000.76BuriedMn coatingFewPebbleClayWhite friable foraminiferal calcareous clay with approximately 40% pale-green clayish inclusions throughoutOccasional manganese coated pebbles
V18-273-12.770-161.000-3367Piston corerV18-273-10.3700.000.74In sedimentMn micronoduleFewClayWhite foraminiferal calcareous clayApproximately 1% manganese micronodule present.
V18-273-12.770-161.000-3367Piston corerV18-273-20.8200.740.90BuriedMn noduleSeveral2.0 cmClayForaminiferal calcareous clayLarge manganese nodules and fragments up to 2 cm. in diameter.
V18-273-12.770-161.000-3367Piston corerV18-273-30.9450.910.98BuriedMn crustSeveralUp to 3.0 cmClayOrange-yellow, variegated, fragmentary silty claySome manganese fragments up to 3 cm. in diameter
V18-274 -12.750-160.900-3773Piston corerV18-274-10.1500.000.30In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSandTan medium to coarse foraminiferal sandApproximately 1% manganese micronodules.
V18-274-12.750-160.900-3773Piston corerV18-274-20.1500.000.30BuriedMn noduleSeveralSandTan medium to coarse foraminiferal sandManganese nodules at the bottom.
V18-274-12.750-160.900-3773Piston corerV18-274-30.3250.300.35BuriedMn crustSeveralFragmentClayVariegated greenish-brown clay mixed with about 20% indurated green clay. (glauconite type)Topped by 5 cm deep of manganese fragments.
V18-275 -12.730-160.900-3623Piston corerV18-275-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleManyLargeClayWhite slightly foraminiferal calcareous clay matrixNumerous large manganese macrondules.Core275_Heezen_1966.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d001
V18-275-12.730-160.900-3623Piston corerV18-275-20.1550.100.21BuriedMn crustSeveralFragmentClayBrown calcareous claySome fragments of Mn occur.
V18-275-12.730-160.900-3623Piston corerV18-275-30.1550.100.21In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralClayBrown calcareous clayManganese micronodules occur.
V18-275-12.730-160.900-3623Piston corerV18-275-40.3350.210.46In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralSandGraded foraminiferal sand. Fine sand at top to coarse sand at bottomManganese micronodules present.
V18-275-12.730-160.900-3623Piston corerV18-275-50.4900.460.52BuriedMn noduleSeveralClayBrown clay grading into light brown foraminferal sandManganese nodules and angular rock fragments occur. Some limonite fragments also present.
V18-276 -12.700-160.800-3587Piston corerV18-276-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn crust25.0-10 cmConsolidated sedimentClayDark yellow, limonitic clayTwo large manganese fragments
V18-276-12.700-160.800-3587Piston corerV18-276-20.0750.050.10BuriedMn noduleManyClayLayer of dark yellow, limonitic clay between 5-10 cm.A graded bed of manganese nodules and fragments.
V18-276-12.700-160.800-3587Piston corerV18-276-30.4000.200.60BuriedMn crustSeveralFragmentSandForaminferal sandManganese fragments and angular rock fragments.
V18-277 -12.700-160.800-3952Piston corerV18-277-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany2.0-4.0 cmClaySome dark brown clayManganese nodules and fragments 2-4 cm. and smaller.
V18-277-12.700-160.800-3952Piston corerV18-277-20.1750.100.25BuriedMn crustFewFragmentClayYellowish-brown clayLarge angular rock fragment about 6 cm. in diameter (weathered basalt ?) present at 15 cm. Some manganese fragments and stains.
V18-277-12.700-160.800-3952Piston corerV18-277-30.3000.200.40BuriedMn crustSeveral1.0-2.0 cmClayYellowish-brown clayManganese fragments (1-2 cm. in diameter)
V18-278 -12.700-160.700-4738Piston corerV18-278-10.0900.000.18BuriedMn noduleManyClayManganese clayManganese nodules coated with manganese clay. No foraminifera were observed.
V18-278-12.700-160.700-4738Piston corerV18-278-21.4100.492.33BuriedMn coatingSeveral0.3-1.0 cmConsolidated sedimentClayDark brown, abundantly burrowed manganese clayAbout 10-15% chunks of indurated manganese clay (0.3-1.0 cm. in diameter) scattered throughout.
V18-279 -12.700-160.600-4753Piston corerV18-279-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleSeveral2.0x2.0 cmClayMedium brown, friable claySeveral manganese nodules at very top. Nodules average about 2 X 2 cm. in size.
V18-279-12.700-160.600-4753Piston corerV18-279-20.0900.000.18In sedimentMn micronoduleSeveralClayMedium brown, friable clayManganese micronodules scattered throughout.
V18-279-12.700-160.600-4753Piston corerV18-279-30.2800.280.28BuriedMn nodule12.0 cmClayMedium dark brown clay grading into dark reddish brown clay at about 45 cm. No visible layering or structure apparentManganese nodule approximately 2 cm. in diameter occurs at 28 cm.
V18-279-12.700-160.600-4753Piston corerV18-279-42.1100.184.04In sedimentMn micronoduleManyClayMedium dark brown clay grading into dark reddish brown clay at about 45 cm. No visible layering or structure apparentManganese microndules abundant.
V18-280 -12.450-159.400-4989Piston corerV18-280-10.0350.000.07BuriedMn nodule13.0x3.0 cmClayDark reddish-brown compact but friable, homogeneous claySeveral manganese fragments and one ellipsoidal manganese nodule (3x3 cm.) occur in top 7 cm. of core.
V18-280-12.450-159.400-4989Piston corerV18-280-21.2700.002.54In sedimentMn micronoduleManyClayDark reddish-brown compact but friable, homogeneous clayManganese micronodules abundant throughout.
V18-024RD -12.100-160.900-2518Dredge, rockV18-024RD-10.0500.000.10In sedimentMn micronoduleFewClayCollected from core pipe. Beige, foraminiferal sand-calcareous clayLess than 1% of the sand is manganese grains.
V18-024RD-12.100-160.900-2518Dredge, rockV18-024RD-20.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingSeveralPebble; siltstone, mudstoneClayCollected from core pipe. Beige, foraminiferal sand-calcareous clayPebbles of silstone and mudstone, some with partial coating of manganese.
V18-025RD -12.275-161.025-2950Dredge, rockV18-025RD-10.0500.000.10In sedimentMn micronoduleFewClayMixture of rather dry and sticky brownish-gray clay (~60%) and ~30% forams. Collection has sort of a salt and pepper appearance.~5% grains and granules of manganese.
V18-025RD-12.275-161.025-2950Dredge, rockV18-025RD-20.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingSeveralPebble; siltstone, mudstoneClayMixture of rather dry and sticky brownish-gray clay (~60%) and ~30% forams. Collection has sort of a salt and pepper appearance.~5% soft mudstone and silstone pebbles (Partially coated by manganese)
V18-115SBT -12.233-160.933-3360DredgeV18-115SBT-10.0000.000.00In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSand99.7 % globigerina, some arenaceous foramsA few grains of manganese.
V18-116SBT -12.217-160.967-2138DredgeV18-116SBT-10.0000.000.00In sedimentMn micronoduleFewSand99.9% Globigerina sand including ~2% brownish (possibly arenaceous ?) forams.A few (<1%) manganese grains.
V18-197C -12.100-160.933-2006CameraV18-197C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingSeveralPebbleOozeForaminiferal oozeMounds, holes and manganese coated pebbles in foraminiferal ooze.vm18_197_263_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d002
V18-199C -12.067-160.900-1082CameraV18-199C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany4.0 cmOozeForaminiferal oozeManganese nodules in foraminiferal ooze. Evidence of current scour.vm18_199_1_2.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d003
V18-199C-12.067-160.900-1082CameraV18-199C-20.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingSeveralCobbleOozeForaminiferal oozeSome cobbles with Mn coatingvm18_199_1_2.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d003
V18-200C -12.383-161.117-1400CameraV18-200C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingManyRock, boulderOozeForaminiferal oozeManganese coated rocks and boulders with ripple marks in foraminiferal sand.vm18_200_265_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d004
V18-201C -12.383-161.117-1363CameraV18-201C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingManyPebbleOozeForaminiferal oozeMn coated subangular pebbles in foraminiferal ooze.vm18_201_266_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d005
V18-202C -12.383-161.117-1390CameraV18-202C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingSeveralCobble, boulderSandForaminiferal sandScattered anganese coated cobbles and boulders and ripple marks in foraminiferal sand.vm18_202_267_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d006
V18-204C -12.767-161.117-1887CameraV18-204C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn coatingManyPebbleSandForaminiferal sandMounds and scattered manganese coated pebbles in foraminiferal sands.vm18_204_273_1_2.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d007
V18-205C -12.750-160.917-1860CameraV18-205C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany4.0 cmOozeForaminiferal oozeMany manganese nodules in foraminiferal ooze.vm18_205_274_1_2.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d008
V18-206C -12.717-160.800-1950CameraV18-206C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany4.0 cmClayScattered to dense cover of manganese nodules in clay.vm18_206_276_1_2.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d009
V18-207C -12.717-160.733-2110CameraV18-207C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany5.0 cmClayDense cover of large manganese nodules in clay.vm18_207_278_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d010
V18-209C -12.450-159.367-2649CameraV18-209C-10.0000.000.00SurfaceMn noduleMany5.0 cmClayLarge manganese nodules in clay.vm18_209_280_001.jpghttp://hdl.handle.net/10013/epic.48905.d011