Citation:

fsv159

Name: Micro-CT analysis of the Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa subjected to elevated pCO2
Published: 2016-11-07
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Eunicea flexuosa; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Rising anthropogenic carbon dioxide has resulted in a drop in ocean pH, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification (OA). These acidified waters have many ramifications for diverse marine biota, especially those species which precipitate calcium carbonate skeletons. The permanence of coral reef ecosystems is therefore closely related to OA stress as habitat-forming corals will exhibit reduced calcification and growth. Relatively little is known concerning the fate of other constituent taxa which may either suffer concomitant declines or be competitively favoured in acidified waters. Here, we experimentally (49 d) test the effects of next century predictions for OA (pH = 7.75, pCO2 = 1081 µatm) vs. near-present-day conditions (pH = 8.01, pCO2 = 498 µatm) on the common Caribbean octocoral Eunicea flexuosa. We measure linear extension of this octocoral and use a novel technique, high-resolution micro-computed tomography, to measure potential differences in the morphology of calcified internal skeletal structures (sclerites) in a 2 mm apical section of each branch. Despite the use of highly accurate procedures, we found no significant differences between treatments in either the growth of E. flexuosa branches or the structure of their sclerites. Our results suggest a degree of resilience to OA stress and provide evidence that this octocoral species may persist on Caribbean coral reefs, despite global change.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Eunicea flexuosa; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-11-03.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Enochs, I C		study
2	Species	Species		Enochs, I C
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Enochs, I C
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Enochs, I C		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Treatment	Treat		Enochs, I C
6	Light attenuation coefficient	Attenuation		Enochs, I C		branch density
7	Attenuation coefficient, standard error	Attenuation std e	±	Enochs, I C		branch density
8	Volume	Vol	cm³	Enochs, I C		branch
9	Volume, standard error	Vol std e	±	Enochs, I C		branch
10	Surface area	SA	cm²	Enochs, I C		branch
11	Area, standard error	Area std e	±	Enochs, I C		branch
12	Linear extension	Lin ext	µm/day	Enochs, I C		branch
13	Extension rate, standard error	Extension std e	±	Enochs, I C		branch
14	Light attenuation coefficient	Attenuation		Enochs, I C		sclerite density
15	Attenuation coefficient, standard error	Attenuation std e	±	Enochs, I C		sclerite density
16	Volume	Vol	cm³	Enochs, I C		sclerite
17	Volume, standard error	Vol std e	±	Enochs, I C		sclerite
18	Surface area	SA	cm²	Enochs, I C		sclerite
19	Area, standard error	Area std e	±	Enochs, I C		sclerite
20	Percentage	Perc	%	Enochs, I C		volume of sclerites
21	Percentage, standard error	Perc std e	±	Enochs, I C		volume of sclerites
22	Total counts	Total counts	#	Enochs, I C		high-density sclerites
23	Counts, standard error	Counts std e	±	Enochs, I C		high-density sclerites
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Enochs, I C
25	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Enochs, I C
26	Salinity	Sal		Enochs, I C
27	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Enochs, I C
28	Dry air column-averaged mixing ratio of carbon dioxide	XCO2	ppmv	Enochs, I C
29	Dry air column-averaged mixing ratio of carbon dioxide, standard error	XCO2 std e	±	Enochs, I C
30	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Enochs, I C
31	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Enochs, I C
32	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Enochs, I C
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Enochs, I C
34	pH	pH		Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale
35	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS	total scale
36	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS
37	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS
38	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS
39	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Enochs, I C	Calculated using CO2SYS
40	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
42	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

524 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Treat	6 Attenuation (branch density)	7 Attenuation std e [±] (branch density)	8 Vol [cm³] (branch)	9 Vol std e [±] (branch)	10 SA [cm²] (branch)	11 Area std e [±] (branch)	12 Lin ext [µm/day] (branch)	13 Extension std e [±] (branch)	14 Attenuation (sclerite density)	15 Attenuation std e [±] (sclerite density)	16 Vol [cm³] (sclerite)	17 Vol std e [±] (sclerite)	18 SA [cm²] (sclerite)	19 Area std e [±] (sclerite)	20 Perc [%] (volume of sclerites)	21 Perc std e [±] (volume of sclerites)	22 Total counts [#] (high-density sclerites)	23 Counts std e [±] (high-density sclerites)	24 Temp [°C]	25 T std e [±]	26 Sal	27 Sal std e [±]	28 XCO2 [ppmv]	29 XCO2 std e [±]	30 AT [µmol/kg]	31 AT std e [±]	32 DIC [µmol/kg]	33 DIC std e [±]	34 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	35 pH std e [±] (total scale, Calculated using...)	36 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	37 pCO2water_SST_wet std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	38 Omega Arg (Calculated using CO2SYS)	39 Omega Arg std e [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	40 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	41 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	42 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	43 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	44 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	45 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	46 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	47 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	48 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	LCO2	0.046	0.0013	0.01231	0.000498	0.3533	0.00987	30	10	0.24	0.0000	0.00269	0.000154	2.3292	0.09930	21.90	1.09	20344.6	1879.94	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.05	439.2	4.29	2517.0	12.95	2211.5	9.11	8.01	0.016	497.7	24.81	3.51	0.094	15	8.01	13.51	474.42	475.94	1974.87	223.10	3.50	5.30
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 1	0.049	0.0022	0.01270	0.000509	0.3491	0.00895	30	14	0.24	0.0000	0.00307	0.000184	2.4830	0.14971	24.30	1.71	21540.8	2550.90	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.05	439.2	4.29	2517.0	12.95	2211.5	9.11	8.01	0.016	497.7	24.81	3.51	0.094	15	8.01	13.51	474.42	475.94	1974.87	223.10	3.50	5.30
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 2	0.041	0.0020	0.01188	0.000254	0.3487	0.01210	0	13	0.24	0.0000	0.00210	0.000176	2.0438	0.13573	17.80	1.87	14383.3	1546.91	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.05	439.2	4.29	2517.0	12.95	2211.5	9.11	8.01	0.016	497.7	24.81	3.51	0.094	15	8.01	13.51	474.42	475.94	1974.87	223.10	3.50	5.30
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 3	0.047	0.0023	0.01134	0.000808	0.3426	0.01316	60	27	0.24	0.0001	0.00261	0.000396	2.3194	0.28516	22.70	1.86	19350.5	5235.76	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.05	439.2	4.29	2517.0	12.95	2211.5	9.11	8.01	0.016	497.7	24.81	3.51	0.094	15	8.01	13.51	474.42	475.94	1974.87	223.10	3.50	5.30
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 4	0.046	0.0034	0.01351	0.002021	0.3779	0.04357	20	13	0.24	0.0002	0.00285	0.000140	2.4228	0.11091	21.90	2.68	2636.7	1178.43	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.05	439.2	4.29	2517.0	12.95	2211.5	9.11	8.01	0.016	497.7	24.81	3.51	0.094	15	8.01	13.51	474.42	475.94	1974.87	223.10	3.50	5.30
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	HCO2	0.044	0.0011	0.01261	0.000725	0.3646	0.01543	30	10	0.24	0.0000	0.00250	0.000188	2.2031	0.13978	19.90	0.87	20483.3	2742.86	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.04	934.9	31.37	2522.4	13.73	2350.5	14.48	7.75	0.029	1080.6	95.84	2.23	0.111	15	7.76	26.59	936.04	939.05	2184.49	139.38	2.18	3.31
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 1	0.047	0.0009	0.01436	0.002466	0.3959	0.05048	20	13	0.24	0.0000	0.00326	0.000640	2.7036	0.55734	22.50	0.54	27778.0	11587.82	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.04	934.9	31.37	2522.4	13.73	2350.5	14.48	7.75	0.029	1080.6	95.84	2.23	0.111	15	7.76	26.59	936.04	939.05	2184.49	139.38	2.18	3.31
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 2	0.042	0.0010	0.01099	0.001479	0.3397	0.03708	20	17	0.24	0.0000	0.00208	0.000287	1.9099	0.26536	18.90	0.88	13853.5	2894.35	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.04	934.9	31.37	2522.4	13.73	2350.5	14.48	7.75	0.029	1080.6	95.84	2.23	0.111	15	7.76	26.59	936.04	939.05	2184.49	139.38	2.18	3.31
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 3	0.044	0.0033	0.01127	0.000883	0.3397	0.02295	60	25	0.24	0.0000	0.00224	0.000208	2.1283	0.08881	20.30	2.46	15387.5	1276.07	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.04	934.9	31.37	2522.4	13.73	2350.5	14.48	7.75	0.029	1080.6	95.84	2.23	0.111	15	7.76	26.59	936.04	939.05	2184.49	139.38	2.18	3.31
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Colony 4	0.044	0.0022	0.01427	0.000178	0.3910	0.01013	0	0	0.24	0.0000	0.00264	0.000232	2.1955	0.12296	18.60	1.88	26737.8	2205.40	24.6	0.07	36.5	0.04	934.9	31.37	2522.4	13.73	2350.5	14.48	7.75	0.029	1080.6	95.84	2.23	0.111	15	7.76	26.59	936.04	939.05	2184.49	139.38	2.18	3.31
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Total	0.045	0.0009	0.01247	0.000438	0.3592	0.00920	30	7	0.24	0.0000	0.00259	0.000121	2.2640	0.08605	20.90	0.71	20416.3	1654.69
laboratory	Eunicea flexuosa (coral)	834203	marinespecies.org	Initial	0.045	0.0021	0.01241	0.001379	0.3518	0.02762			0.24	0.0000	0.00257	0.000315	2.0686	0.27247	20.79	1.45	22318.3	5737.50