Citation:

s00227-016-2921-z

Name: Interactive effects of ocean acidification and neighboring corals on the growth of Pocillopora verrucosa
Published: 2016-10-27
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Pocillopora verrucosa; South Pacific; Species interaction; Tropical

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Abstract:

The physical and chemical environment around corals, as well as their physiology, can be affected by interactions with neighboring corals. This study employed small colonies (4 cm diameter) of Pocillopora verrucosa and Acropora hyacinthus configured in spatial arrays at 7 cm/s flow speed to test the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) alters interactions among them. Interaction effects were quantified for P. verrucosa using three measures of growth: calcification (i.e., weight), horizontal growth, and vertical growth. The study was carried out in May-June 2014 using corals from 10 m depth on the outer reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. Colonies of P. verrucosa were placed next to conspecifics or heterospecifics (A. hyacinthus) in arrangements of two or four colonies (pairs and aggregates) that were incubated at ambient and high pCO2 (1000 µatm) for 28 days. There was an effect of pCO2, and arrangement type on multivariate growth (utilizing the three measures of growth), but no interaction between the main effects. Conversely, arrangement and pCO2 had an interactive effect on calcification, with an overall 23 % depression at high pCO2 versus ambient pCO2 (i.e., pooled among arrangements). Within arrangements, there was a 34-45 % decrease in calcification for solitary and paired conspecifics, but no effect in conspecific aggregates, heterospecific pairs, or heterospecific aggregates. Horizontal growth was negatively affected by pCO2 and arrangement type, while vertical growth was positively affected by arrangement type. Together, our results show that conspecific aggregations can mitigate the negative effects of OA on calcification of colonies within an aggregation.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Pocillopora verrucosa; South Pacific; Species interaction; Tropical

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-10-24.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Evensen, Nicolas R		study
2	Species	Species		Evensen, Nicolas R
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Evensen, Nicolas R
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Evensen, Nicolas R		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Treatment	Treat		Evensen, Nicolas R
6	Identification	ID		Evensen, Nicolas R		Flume
7	Identification	ID		Evensen, Nicolas R		Arrangement
8	Identification	ID		Evensen, Nicolas R		Coral
9	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mg/cm²/day	Evensen, Nicolas R
10	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Evensen, Nicolas R		Horizontal growth
11	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Evensen, Nicolas R		Vertical growth
12	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Evensen, Nicolas R
13	Salinity	Sal		Evensen, Nicolas R
14	pH	pH		Evensen, Nicolas R	Potentiometric	total scale
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Evensen, Nicolas R	Potentiometric titration
16	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1440 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Treat	6 ID (Flume)	7 ID (Arrangement)	8 ID (Coral)	9 Calc rate CaCO3 [mg/cm²/day]	10 µ [mm/day] (Horizontal growth)	11 µ [mm/day] (Vertical growth)	12 Temp [°C]	13 Sal	14 pH (total scale, Potentiometric)	15 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	16 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	17 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	18 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	20 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	1	61	0.639058732	0.0881	0.0014	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	1	81	0.407657111	0.0726	0.0086	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	1	163	0.681968105	0.0514	0.0244	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	5	35	0.464004101	0.0038	0.0144	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	5	101	0.349227462	0.0018	0.0326	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	5	164	0.283942920	-0.0004	0.0170	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	3	40	0.694854901	0.0174	0.0368	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	3	59	0.763695160	0.0268	0.0202	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	3	89	0.465305778	0.0429	0.0278	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	2	27	0.380437955	0.0144	0.0247	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	2	140	0.295564110	0.0065	0.0046	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	2	170	0.448205665	0.0279	0.0142	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	4	11	0.425735487	0.0312	0.0036	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	4	13	0.338448370	0.0294	0.0149	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	1	4	17	0.270200492	0.0459	0.0119	26.99	35.55	7.70	2321.04	8	27.57	1023.42	1026.61	2026.89	120.14	2174.59	1.92	2.89
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	1	57	0.869856320	0.0855	0.0231	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	1	73	0.827203221	0.0718	0.0157	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	1	128	0.788696000	0.0753	0.0084	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	5	7	0.248027530	0.0294	0.0209	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	5	38	0.584274858	0.0404	0.0187	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	5	127	0.327770380	0.0549	0.0223	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	3	9	0.624343365	0.0681	0.0131	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	3	44	0.241992265	0.0949	0.0170	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	3	80	0.392374818	0.0522	0.0296	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	2	31	0.786647420	0.0331	0.0420	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	2	51	0.596429060	0.0288	0.0198	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	2	87	0.626174620	0.0318	0.0235	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	4	111	0.411079960	0.0841	0.0182	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	4	145	0.642907990	0.1109	0.0165	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	2	4	39	0.476087241	0.0413	0.0075	27.02	35.62	8.04	2321.04	8	10.95	406.87	408.14	1761.78	226.88	1999.60	3.62	5.45
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	1	15	0.570066546	0.0503	0.0109	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	1	33	0.358855657	0.0575	0.0203	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	1	56	0.861350436	0.0636	0.0242	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	5	138	0.419417560	0.0089	0.0218	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	5	142	0.501224728	-0.0040	0.0231	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	5	144	0.207419675	0.0065	0.0121	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	3	14	0.848347235	0.0537	0.0257	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	3	109	0.613639508	0.0419	0.0314	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	3	130	0.420489153	0.0339	0.0129	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	2	29	0.520211040	0.0181	0.0063	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	2	58	0.252272381	0.0111	0.0222	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	2	129	0.324347467	0.0219	0.0163	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	4	10	0.480696499	0.0269	0.0250	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	4	82	0.227689550	0.0446	0.0077	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	High CO2	3	4	143	0.342712305	0.0437	0.0138	26.98	35.63	7.69	2321.04	8	27.95	1037.33	1040.58	2029.33	118.88	2176.16	1.90	2.86
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	1	19	0.877968321	0.0761	0.0040	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	1	37	0.774142638	0.1298	0.0321	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	1	172	1.167886893	0.1091	0.0110	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	5	93	0.288770108	0.0465	0.0186	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	5	139	0.385433014	0.0014	0.0072	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	5	156	0.643689547	0.0239	0.0176	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	3	168	0.572764300	0.0402	0.0374	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	3	149	0.680904007	0.0472	0.0443	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	3	157	0.318416319	0.0700	0.0233	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	2	85	0.811989342	0.0576	0.0372	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	2	92	0.796906039	0.0766	0.0138	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	2	147	0.420867637	0.1237	0.0154	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	4	137	0.773242304	0.0430	0.0191	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	4	141	0.480163974	0.1143	0.0320	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40
laboratory	Pocillopora verrucosa (coral)	206954	marinespecies.org	Ambient	4	4	102	0.456852396	0.1177	0.0089	27.04	35.66	8.03	2321.04	8	11.13	413.57	414.86	1767.16	224.72	2003.01	3.59	5.40