Citation:

journal.pone.0154370

Name: Combined effects of ocean acidification and light or nitrogen availabilities on 13C fractionation in marine dinoflagellates
Published: 2016-06-17
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Alexandrium fundyense; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Gonyaulax spinifera; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Macro-nutrients; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protoceratium reticulatum; Scrippsiella trochoidea; Single species

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Abstract:

Along with increasing oceanic CO2 concentrations, enhanced stratification constrains phytoplankton to shallower upper mixed layers with altered light regimes and nutrient concentrations. Here, we investigate the effects of elevated pCO2 in combination with light or nitrogen-limitation on 13C fractionation (epsilon p) in four dinoflagellate species. We cultured Gonyaulax spinifera and Protoceratium reticulatum in dilute batches under low-light (LL) and high-light (HL) conditions, and grew Alexandrium fundyense and Scrippsiella trochoidea in nitrogen-limited continuous cultures (LN) and nitrogen-replete batches (HN). The observed CO2-dependency of epsilon p remained unaffected by the availability of light for both G. spinifera and P. reticulatum, though at HL epsilon p was consistently lower by about 2.7 per mil over the tested CO2 range for P. reticulatum. This may reflect increased uptake of (13C-enriched) bicarbonate fueled by increased ATP production under HL conditions. The observed CO2-dependency of epsilon p disappeared under LN conditions in both A. fundyense and S. trochoidea. The generally higher epsilon p under LN may be associated with lower organic carbon production rates and/or higher ATP:NADPH ratios. CO2-dependent epsilon p under non-limiting conditions has been observed in several dinoflagellate species, showing potential for a new CO2-proxy. Our results however demonstrate that light- and nitrogen-limitation also affect epsilon p, thereby illustrating the need to carefully consider prevailing environmental conditions.

Keyword(s):

Alexandrium fundyense; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Gonyaulax spinifera; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light; Macro-nutrients; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Protoceratium reticulatum; Scrippsiella trochoidea; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-06-15.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Hoins, Mirja		study
2	Species	Species		Hoins, Mirja
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Hoins, Mirja
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Hoins, Mirja		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Treatment	Treat		Hoins, Mirja
6	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Hoins, Mirja		treatment
7	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Hoins, Mirja
8	Growth rate, standard deviation	µ std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja
9	Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell	POC/cell	pg/#	Hoins, Mirja
10	Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation	POC std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja
11	Chlorophyll a per cell	Chl a/cell	pg/#	Hoins, Mirja
12	Chlorophyll a, standard deviation	Chl a std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja
13	Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis	εp	‰	Hoins, Mirja		13C fractionation
14	Isotopic fractionation, during photosynthis, standard deviation	εp std e	±	Hoins, Mirja		13C fractionation
15	Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio	POC/PON		Hoins, Mirja
16	Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation	POC/PON std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja
17	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Hoins, Mirja
18	Salinity	Sal		Hoins, Mirja
19	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/l	Hoins, Mirja	Calculated using CO2SYS
20	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/l	Hoins, Mirja	Potentiometric titration
22	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja	Potentiometric titration
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Hoins, Mirja	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	pH	pH		Hoins, Mirja	Potentiometric	NBS scale
26	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Hoins, Mirja	Potentiometric	NBS scale
27	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
29	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1008 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Treat	6 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (treatment)	7 µ [1/day]	8 µ std dev [±]	9 POC/cell [pg/#]	10 POC std dev [±]	11 Chl a/cell [pg/#]	12 Chl a std dev [±]	13 εp [‰] (13C fractionation)	14 εp std e [±] (13C fractionation)	15 POC/PON	16 POC/PON std dev [±]	17 Temp [°C]	18 Sal	19 CO2 [µmol/l] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	20 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	21 AT [µmol/l] (Potentiometric titration)	22 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration)	23 DIC [µmol/l] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	24 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	25 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	26 pH std dev [±] (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	27 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	29 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	33 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	34 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	35 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	36 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	37 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	low-light	380	0.19	0.03	1743	271	27.8	8.7	7.80	0.1			15	34	16.7	0.9	2413	32	2427	5	8.14	0.02	26	8.02	16.41	435.60	437.18	1979.26	152.21	2147.87	2353.68	2.34	3.65
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	low-light	800	0.20	0.01	2572	227	66.2	3.3	11.90	0.8			15	34	28.1	3.0	2412	26	2399	17	7.95	0.04	26	7.83	26.93	714.81	717.40	2096.61	104.08	2227.62	2352.71	1.60	2.50
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	low-light	1200	0.19	0.02	2224	221	48.2	4.3	13.70	1.5			15	34	37.1	3.9	2407	1	2412	25	7.84	0.04	26	7.72	35.48	941.99	945.41	2144.44	82.62	2262.55	2347.83	1.27	1.98
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	high-light	180	0.22	0.02	3708	366	23.1	2.4	7.80	1.0			15	34	6.4	1.0	2447	5	1962	15	8.50	0.05	26	8.39	6.03	160.07	160.65	1666.55	293.67	1966.25	2386.85	4.52	7.05
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	high-light	380	0.23	0.01	2758	583	19.1	1.7	9.40	0.4			15	34	12.4	2.2	2461	12	2083	1	8.27	0.07	26	8.16	11.76	312.22	313.36	1913.93	198.57	2124.26	2400.50	3.06	4.77
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	high-light	800	0.23	0.04	3521	263	22.1	2.3	11.70	0.7			15	34	29.3	6.7	2475	13	2224	9	7.96	0.10	26	7.84	26.94	715.30	717.89	2147.08	109.08	2283.10	2414.16	1.68	2.62
laboratory	Gonyaulax spinifera (protist)	110041	marinespecies.org	high-light	1200	0.15	0.01	8842	1044	32.6	6.0	8.00	0.5			15	34	44.7	6.4	2459	4	2293	5	7.78	0.06	26	7.66	42.11	1117.82	1121.88	2216.23	74.37	2332.70	2398.55	1.14	1.78
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	low-light	380	0.25	0.01	2843	233	19.8	7.6	10.90	0.5			15	34	14.8	1.9	2448	10	2160	4	8.20	0.05	26	8.09	14.17	376.20	377.56	1962.70	173.30	2150.17	2387.82	2.67	4.16
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	low-light	800	0.24	0.01	2256	436	26.6	3.9	12.80	1.3			15	34	38.4	5.7	2456	16	2307	6	7.84	0.06	26	7.72	36.22	961.48	964.97	2188.82	84.33	2309.37	2395.63	1.30	2.02
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	low-light	1200	0.27	0.01	2552	204	26.9	2.8	13.70	0.6			15	34	51.3	8.7	2471	20	2330	2	7.73	0.07	26	7.61	47.88	1271.01	1275.63	2245.75	67.16	2360.79	2410.26	1.03	1.61
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	high-light	180	0.28	0.00	3099	119	9.7	0.3	8.40	1.8			15	34	7.6	0.5	2460	8	2002	2	8.43	0.04	26	8.32	7.46	198.02	198.74	1754.71	263.16	2025.33	2399.53	4.05	6.32
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	high-light	380	0.28	0.01	2494	356	5.7	0.9	8.40	0.7			15	34	14.8	0.8	2455	2	2121	4	8.21	0.02	26	8.10	13.83	367.18	368.51	1960.36	177.14	2151.33	2394.65	2.73	4.25
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	high-light	800	0.29	0.02	2351	694	5.5	0.4	8.60	2.3			15	34	28.5	2.7	2461	12	2249	23	7.88	0.08	26	7.76	32.82	871.37	874.53	2175.22	91.90	2299.95	2400.50	1.41	2.21
laboratory	Protoceratium reticulatum (protist)	110321	marinespecies.org	high-light	1200	0.29	0.03	2600	316	6.2	0.7	9.90	0.8			15	34	43.0	3.4	2473	19	2288	16	7.75	0.05	26	7.63	45.61	1210.93	1215.32	2240.39	70.15	2356.16	2412.21	1.08	1.68
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	220	0.15	0.01	3930	212	22.9	2.0	13.18	1.1	9.52	0.46	15	34	8.4	0.4	2372	11	2099	8	8.39	0.20	26	8.28	8.06	214.05	214.83	1729.82	236.59	1974.47	2313.69	3.64	5.68
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	800	0.15	0.01	2709	253	24.7	0.6	13.15	0.4	6.75	0.16	15	34	30.1	3.4	2398	21	2253	13	7.92	0.05	26	7.80	28.89	767.01	769.79	2099.47	97.26	2225.62	2339.05	1.50	2.33
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	1000	0.15	0.01	3544	187	33.0	2.4	12.59	0.3	5.77	0.33	15	34	37.9	2.1	2397	7	2274	13	7.82	0.02	26	7.70	37.15	986.11	989.69	2143.76	78.88	2259.78	2338.08	1.21	1.89
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	180	0.46	0.02	3169	254	36.3	1.5	9.00	0.3	5.76	0.10	15	34	6.1	0.9	2434	3	1992	33	8.50	0.06	26	8.39	6.00	159.17	159.74	1657.18	292.02	1955.19	2374.17	4.49	7.01
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	380	0.46	0.02	3620	308	40.1	2.8	10.20	0.5	5.77	0.30	15	34	11.8	2.1	2439	1	2117	41	8.27	0.07	26	8.16	11.65	309.32	310.44	1896.15	196.73	2104.53	2379.05	3.03	4.72
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	800	0.48	0.01	3455	153	39.5	3.3	12.70	0.4	5.73	0.10	15	34	26.5	5.8	2434	2	2245	37	7.97	0.10	26	7.85	25.82	685.46	687.94	2105.35	109.44	2240.61	2374.17	1.68	2.63
laboratory	Alexandrium fundyense (protist)	156513	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	1200	0.45	0.01	3461	165	36.4	5.8	12.10	0.2	5.60	0.10	15	34	37.3	9.3	2418	1	2283	34	7.83	0.12	26	7.71	36.55	970.34	973.86	2158.66	81.28	2276.49	2358.56	1.25	1.95
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	280	0.20	0.01	4292	243	9.0	1.3	9.50	0.3	21.30	1.30	15	34	11.2	0.4	2349	6	2148	0	8.30	0.01	26	8.19	10.31	273.61	274.61	1797.22	199.79	2007.32	2291.26	3.07	4.80
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	590	0.20	0.01	4239	220	9.2	0.6	11.90	0.3	24.70	1.60	15	34	22.6	0.7	2389	5	2229	2	8.03	0.01	26	7.91	21.70	575.99	578.08	2031.39	121.25	2174.34	2330.27	1.87	2.91
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient-replete	770	0.20	0.01	4065	254	11.2	0.9	10.10	1.5	18.00	0.90	15	34	29.8	1.5	2365	1	2251	8	7.92	0.02	26	7.80	28.49	756.24	758.98	2070.01	95.90	2194.39	2306.86	1.48	2.30
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	180	0.61	0.03	1990	36	4.3	0.7	6.00	0.5	7.60	0.20	15	34	6.8	0.2	2386	1	1872	16	8.45	0.01	26	8.34	6.81	180.83	181.48	1677.85	263.49	1948.15	2327.35	4.05	6.32
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	380	0.61	0.05	1762	15	7.6	1.2	5.00	0.1	8.10	0.30	15	34	13.4	0.5	2388	2	2096	10	8.21	0.02	26	8.10	13.44	356.84	358.13	1905.03	172.13	2090.60	2329.30	2.65	4.13
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	800	0.61	0.04	1787	223	8.7	0.5	7.10	0.7	8.40	0.30	15	34	29.5	2.1	2385	1	2223	11	7.91	0.03	26	7.79	29.47	782.37	785.21	2092.75	94.74	2216.96	2326.37	1.46	2.27
laboratory	Scrippsiella trochoidea (protist)	110172	marinespecies.org	nutrient supply	1200	0.58	0.02	1500	85	4.9	1.3	11.80	0.7	7.40	0.10	15	34	42.5	3.6	2386	4	2268	18	7.77	0.04	26	7.65	41.87	1111.38	1115.42	2153.25	70.61	2265.72	2327.35	1.09	1.69