Citation:

bg-13-301-2016

Name: Vanishing coccolith vital effects with alleviated carbon limitation
Published: 2016-06-07
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcidiscus leptoporus; Chromista; Coccolithus pelagicus; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Pleurochrysis placolithoides; Single species

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Abstract:

By recreating a range of geologically relevant concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the laboratory, we demonstrate that the magnitude of the vital effects in both carbon and oxygen isotopes of coccolith calcite of multiple species relates to ambient DIC concentration. Under high DIC levels, all the examined coccoliths exhibit significantly reduced isotopic offsets from inorganic calcite compared to the substantial vital effects expressed at low (preindustrial and present-day) DIC concentrations. The supply of carbon to the cell exerts a primary control on biological fractionation in coccolith calcite via the modulation of coccolithophore growth rate, cell size and carbon utilisation by photosynthesis and calcification, altogether accounting for the observed interspecific differences between coccolith species. These laboratory observations support the recent hypothesis from field observations that the appearance of interspecific vital effect in coccolithophores coincides with the long-term Neogene decline of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and bring further valuable constraints by demonstrating a convergence of all examined species towards inorganic values at high pCO2 regimes. This study provides palaeoceanographers with a biogeochemical framework that can be utilised to further develop the use of calcareous nannofossils in palaeoceanography to derive sea surface temperature and pCO2 levels, especially during periods of relatively elevated pCO2 concentrations, as they prevailed during most of the Meso-Cenozoic.

Keyword(s):

Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcidiscus leptoporus; Chromista; Coccolithus pelagicus; Emiliania huxleyi; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; North Atlantic; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Pleurochrysis placolithoides; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-06-06.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Hermoso, Michael		study
2	Species	Species		Hermoso, Michael
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Hermoso, Michael
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Hermoso, Michael		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Hermoso, Michael		target
6	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Hermoso, Michael
7	Salinity	Sal		Hermoso, Michael
8	pH	pH		Hermoso, Michael		total scale
9	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Hermoso, Michael	Potentiometric titration
10	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Hermoso, Michael
11	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Hermoso, Michael
12	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Hermoso, Michael
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Hermoso, Michael
14	δ18O, water	δ18O H2O	‰ SMOW	Hermoso, Michael		seawater
15	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		DIC
16	δ13C, calcite	δ13C cal	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		inorganic calcite
17	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		inorganic calcite
18	δ13C, calcite	δ13C cal	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		coccolith calcite
19	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		coccolith calcite
20	Δδ18O	Δδ18O	‰	Hermoso, Michael		Delta delta 18O(calcite-seawater)
21	Δδ13C	Δδ13C	‰ PDB	Hermoso, Michael		Delta delta 13C(calcite-DIC)
22	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Hermoso, Michael
23	Coccosphere, diameter	Coccosp diam	µm	Hermoso, Michael
24	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
28	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1479 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 DIC [µmol/kg] (target)	6 Temp [°C]	7 Sal	8 pH (total scale)	9 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration)	10 CO2 [µmol/kg]	11 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	12 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	13 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	14 δ18O H2O [‰ SMOW] (seawater)	15 δ13C [‰ PDB] (DIC)	16 δ13C cal [‰ PDB] (inorganic calcite)	17 δ18O cal [‰ PDB] (inorganic calcite)	18 δ13C cal [‰ PDB] (coccolith calcite)	19 δ18O cal [‰ PDB] (coccolith calcite)	20 Δδ18O [‰] (Delta delta 18O(calcite-seawa...)	21 Δδ13C [‰ PDB] (Delta delta 13C(calcite-DIC))	22 µ [1/day]	23 Coccosp diam [µm]	24 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	28 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	29 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	30 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	31 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	32 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-0.73	2.77	2.27	1.81	0.69	4.94	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.00	2.51	2.01	1.54	0.68	5.01	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	20.2	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.05	1.96	1.46	1.49	0.73	5.27	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	19.9	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.10	2.56	2.06	1.44	0.69	5.30	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	30.3	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.31	2.36	1.86	1.23	0.77	5.41	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	29.8	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.28	2.35	1.85	1.26	0.78	5.33	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.49	1.87	1.37	1.05	0.78	5.37	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.43	1.96	1.46	1.11	0.79	5.47	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.56	1.94	1.44	0.98	0.73	5.50	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.61	1.82	1.32	0.93	0.73	5.49	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	60.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.85	1.81	1.31	0.69	0.76	5.53	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	59.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.81	1.75	1.25	0.73	0.72	5.48	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04					0.56	16.12	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04							8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			4000	15	33	8.2	4406	20.2	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04							8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			4000	15	33	8.2	4406	19.9	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-0.92	-1.68	-2.18	1.62	0.54	16.55	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			6000	15	33	8.2	6590	30.3	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.11	-0.26	-0.76	1.43	0.55	16.31	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			6000	15	33	8.2	6590	29.8	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.09	-0.19	-0.69	1.45	0.58	16.26	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-0.94	-0.32	-0.82	1.60	0.53	16.33	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.32	-0.51	-1.01	1.22	0.51	16.43	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.54	-0.05	-0.55	1.00	0.58	16.56	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.54	-0.05	-0.55	1.00	0.56	16.56	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			12000	15	33	8.2	12963	60.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.40	0.21	-0.29	1.14	0.56	16.53	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Pleurochrysis placolithoides (phytoplankton)			12000	15	33	8.2	12963	59.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.55	0.14	-0.36	0.99	0.56	16.59	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04					0.31	9.83	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-3.72	-0.91	-1.41	-1.18	0.29	9.53	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	20.2	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-3.34	-0.96	-1.46	-0.80	0.31	9.61	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	19.9	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-3.32	-0.51	-1.01	-0.78	0.31	9.54	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	30.3	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.74	-0.13	-0.63	-0.20	0.30	9.34	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	29.8	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.72	-0.24	-0.74	-0.18	0.30	9.80	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04					0.20	10.10	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.86	-0.44	-0.94	-0.32	0.21		8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.64	0.02	-0.48	-0.10	0.21	9.53	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.75	-0.09	-0.59	-0.21	0.21	9.48	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	60.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.70	-0.11	-0.61	0.84	0.18	9.30	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Calcidiscus leptoporus (phytoplankton)	235923	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	59.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.15	0.20	-0.30	0.39	0.19	9.24	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-4.13	1.04	0.54	-1.59	0.53	18.65	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	2000	15	33	8.2	2370	10.1	1780.8	209.1	267	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-4.04	0.95	0.45	-1.50	0.51	18.65	8	10.39	274.32	275.31	1858.92	208.88	2078.19	3.23	5.05
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	20.2	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.24	1.26	0.76	0.30	0.45	18.03	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	4000	15	33	8.2	4406	19.9	3561.6	418.2	535	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.25	1.17	0.67	0.29	0.42	18.03	8	19.68	519.64	521.52	3521.32	395.68	3936.68	6.12	9.56
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	30.3	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.03			0.51	0.33	18.14	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	6000	15	33	8.2	6590	29.8	5342.4	627.4	802	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-2.15			0.39	0.32	18.14	8	29.65	782.79	785.63	5304.56	596.06	5930.27	9.21	14.40
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.55	1.02	0.52	0.99	0.27	17.80	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	8000	15	33	8.2	8535	40.4	7123.2	836.5	1070	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.77	0.74	0.24	0.77	0.24	17.80	8	38.53	1017.14	1020.83	6892.66	774.51	7705.70	11.97	18.71
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.33	0.84	0.34	1.21	0.27	16.76	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	10000	15	33	8.2	10853	50.5	8903.9	1045.6	1337	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04					0.23	16.76	8	49.11	1296.44	1301.14	8785.32	987.18	9821.61	15.26	23.85
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	60.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.45	0.96	0.46	1.09	0.11	16.58	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52
laboratory	Coccolithus pelagicus (phytoplankton)	178600	marinespecies.org	12000	15	33	8.2	12963	59.6	10684.7	1254.7	1604	0.50	-2.54	-1.54	-0.04	-1.48	0.86	0.36	1.06	0.12	16.58	8	58.74	1550.67	1556.30	10508.14	1180.77	11747.65	18.25	28.52