Citation:

ncomms9714

Name: Ocean acidification increases the accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds across trophic levels
Published: 2015
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Haptophyta; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Respiration; Single species

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Abstract:

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations are causing ocean acidification (OA), altering carbonate chemistry with consequences for marine organisms. Here we show that OA increases by 46-212% the production of phenolic compounds in phytoplankton grown under the elevated CO2 concentrations projected for the end of this century, compared with the ambient CO2 level. At the same time, mitochondrial respiration rate is enhanced under elevated CO2 concentrations by 130-160% in a single species or mixed phytoplankton assemblage. When fed with phytoplankton cells grown under OA, zooplankton assemblages have significantly higher phenolic compound content, by about 28-48%. The functional consequences of the increased accumulation of toxic phenolic compounds in primary and secondary producers have the potential to have profound consequences for marine ecosystem and seafood quality, with the possibility that fishery industries could be influenced as a result of progressive ocean changes.

Keyword(s):

Chromista; Emiliania huxleyi; Haptophyta; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mesocosm or benthocosm; North Pacific; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Respiration; Single species

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 24.520000 * Longitude: 118.200000

Date/Time Start: 2013-06-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2013-06-15T00:00:00

Event(s):

Wuyuan_Bay * Latitude: 24.520000 * Longitude: 118.200000 * Date/Time: 2013-06-15T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-05-06.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Gao, Kunshan		study
2	Species	Species		Gao, Kunshan
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Gao, Kunshan
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Gao, Kunshan		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Experiment	Exp		Gao, Kunshan
6	Treatment	Treat		Gao, Kunshan
7	Replicate	Repl		Gao, Kunshan
8	Phenolics, all	Ph	mg/g	Gao, Kunshan
9	Respiration rate, oxygen, per cell	Resp O2/cell	fmol/#/h	Gao, Kunshan
10	Phenolics, all, per individual	Ph/ind	µg/#	Gao, Kunshan
11	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gao, Kunshan
12	Salinity	Sal		Gao, Kunshan
13	pH	pH		Gao, Kunshan	Potentiometric	NBS scale
14	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Gao, Kunshan
15	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gao, Kunshan	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Gao, Kunshan	Calculated using CO2SYS
17	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Gao, Kunshan	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
20	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
26	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1434 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Species	3 Reg spec no	4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID)	5 Exp	6 Treat	7 Repl	8 Ph [mg/g]	9 Resp O2/cell [fmol/#/h]	10 Ph/ind [µg/#]	11 Temp [°C]	12 Sal	13 pH (NBS scale, Potentiometric)	14 DIC [µmol/kg]	15 AT [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	16 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	17 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using CO2SYS)	18 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	19 pH (total scale, Calculated using...)	20 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	21 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	22 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	23 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	24 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	25 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	26 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...)	27 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...)
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	HC-1	measurement-1	139.00	18.256		20	35	7.80	2027.4	2124.1	1907.2	87.9	27	7.68	31.48	971.25	974.56	1914.47	81.46	2027.4	1.27	1.95
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	HC-2	measurement-1	149.13	17.357		20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	HC-3	measurement-1	151.99	17.807		20	35	7.84	2229.2	2347.3	2091.2	105.7	27	7.72	31.48	971.45	974.76	2099.75	97.97	2229.2	1.52	2.34
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-1	measurement-1	99.17	7.039		20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-2	measurement-1	98.72	8.270		20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-3	measurement-1	103.53	7.655		20	35	8.20	2124.3	2421.5	1892.3	219.3	27	8.08	12.48	385.16	386.47	1907.83	203.99	2124.3	3.17	4.88
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-HC-1	measurement-1	116.38			20	35
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-HC-2	measurement-1	119.94			20	35
laboratory	Emiliania huxleyi (phytoplankton)	115104	marinespecies.org	laboratory	LC-HC-3	measurement-1	121.68			20	35
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-1	measurement-1	1483.42			20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-1	measurement-2	1997.15			20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-2	measurement-1	1546.66			20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-2	measurement-2	1887.71			20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-3	measurement-1	1510.57			20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	HC-3	measurement-2	1601.88			20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-1	measurement-1	1285.95			20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-1	measurement-2	1037.04			20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-2	measurement-1	1267.32			20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-2	measurement-2	1180.76			20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-3	measurement-1	925.91			20	35	8.16	1920.9	2174.7	1725.8	182.3	27	8.04	12.48	384.97	386.28	1738.88	169.54	1920.9	2.64	4.06
laboratory	Phytoplankton			microcosm	LC-3	measurement-2	1185.15			20	35	8.16	1920.9	2174.7	1725.8	182.3	27	8.04	12.48	384.97	386.28	1738.88	169.54	1920.9	2.64	4.06
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-1	measurement-1	528.90	29.304		20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-1	measurement-2	330.46			20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-1	measurement-3	402.44			20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-2	measurement-1	481.44	128.997		20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-2	measurement-2	379.43			20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-2	measurement-3	388.39			20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-3	measurement-1	484.15	76.151		20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-3	measurement-2	343.89			20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	HC-3	measurement-3	445.60			20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-1	measurement-1	282.43	33.901		20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-1	measurement-2	115.37			20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-1	measurement-3	158.10			20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-2	measurement-1	221.59	28.957		20	35	8.15	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.03	13.11	404.68	406.06	1786.37	170.22	1969.7	2.65	4.07
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-2	measurement-2	136.66			20	35	8.15	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.03	13.11	404.68	406.06	1786.37	170.22	1969.7	2.65	4.07
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-2	measurement-3	158.94			20	35	8.15	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.03	13.11	404.68	406.06	1786.37	170.22	1969.7	2.65	4.07
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-3	measurement-1	196.22	27.302		20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-3	measurement-2	192.93			20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53
laboratory	Phytoplankton			mesocosm	LC-3	measurement-3	129.18			20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-1	measurement-1			0.082	20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-1	measurement-2			0.070	20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-2	measurement-1			0.071	20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-2	measurement-2			0.081	20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-3	measurement-1			0.066	20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	HC-3	measurement-2			0.068	20	35	7.81	2076.0	2177.7	1951.6	92.1	27	7.69	31.48	971.36	974.67	1959.22	85.30	2076.0	1.33	2.04
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-1	measurement-1			0.054	20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-1	measurement-2			0.050	20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-2	measurement-1			0.048	20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-2	measurement-2			0.049	20	35	8.17	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.05	12.48	385.01	386.32	1779.65	177.57	1969.7	2.76	4.25
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-3	measurement-1			0.057	20	35	8.16	1920.9	2174.7	1725.8	182.3	27	8.04	12.48	384.97	386.28	1738.88	169.54	1920.9	2.64	4.06
laboratory	Zooplankton			microcosm	LC-3	measurement-2			0.039	20	35	8.16	1920.9	2174.7	1725.8	182.3	27	8.04	12.48	384.97	386.28	1738.88	169.54	1920.9	2.64	4.06
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-1	measurement-1			0.037	20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-1	measurement-2			0.033	20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-2	measurement-1			0.029	20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-2	measurement-2			0.032	20	35	7.78	1933.9	2021.1	1821.4	80.2	27	7.66	31.48	971.28	974.59	1828.15	74.28	1933.9	1.15	1.78
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-3	measurement-1			0.035	20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	HC-3	measurement-2			0.030	20	35	7.77	1888.8	1971.6	1779.9	76.6	27	7.65	31.47	971.22	974.53	1786.40	70.93	1888.8	1.10	1.70
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-1	measurement-1			0.030	20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-1	measurement-2			0.028	20	35	8.19	2071.3	2357.0	1849.2	209.3	27	8.07	12.48	385.11	386.42	1864.06	194.76	2071.3	3.03	4.66
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-2	measurement-1			0.023	20	35	8.15	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.03	13.11	404.68	406.06	1786.37	170.22	1969.7	2.65	4.07
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-2	measurement-2			0.024	20	35	8.15	1969.7	2233.7	1766.0	190.9	27	8.03	13.11	404.68	406.06	1786.37	170.22	1969.7	2.65	4.07
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-3	measurement-1			0.024	20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53
laboratory	Zooplankton			mesocosm	LC-3	measurement-2			0.024	20	35	8.13	1782.2	2007.8	1610.6	158.8	27	8.01	12.47	384.84	386.15	1622.14	147.59	1782.2	2.29	3.53