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Eggleston, Sarah; Schmitt, Jochen; Bereiter, Bernhard; Schneider, Robert; Fischer, Hubertus (2016): CO2 concentration and stable isotope ratios of three Antarctic ice cores covering the period from 149.4 - 1.5 kyr before 1950 [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859181, Supplement to: Eggleston, S et al. (2016): Evolution of the stable carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 over the last glacial cycle. Paleoceanography, 31, n/a-n/a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002874

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Abstract:
We present new d13C measurements of atmospheric CO2 covering the last glacial/interglacial cycle, complementing previous records covering Terminations I and II. Most prominent in the new record is a significant depletion in d13C(atm) of 0.5 permil occurring during marine isotope stage (MIS) 4, followed by an enrichment of the same magnitude at the beginning of MIS 3. Such a significant excursion in the record is otherwise only observed at glacial terminations, suggesting that similar processes were at play, such as changing sea surface temperatures, changes in marine biological export in the Southern Ocean (SO) due to variations in aeolian iron fluxes, changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, upwelling of deep water in the SO, and long-term trends in terrestrial carbon storage. Based on previous modeling studies, we propose constraints on some of these processes during specific time intervals. The decrease in d13C(atm) at the end of MIS 4 starting approximately 64 kyr B.P. was accompanied by increasing [CO2]. This period is also marked by a decrease in aeolian iron flux to the SO, followed by an increase in SO upwelling during Heinrich event 6, indicating that it is likely that a large amount of d13C-depleted carbon was transferred to the deep oceans previously, i.e., at the onset of MIS 4. Apart from the upwelling event at the end of MIS 4 (and potentially smaller events during Heinrich events in MIS 3), upwelling of deep water in the SO remained reduced until the last glacial termination, whereupon a second pulse of isotopically light carbon was released into the atmosphere.
Related to:
Bazin, Lucie; Landais, Amaëlle; Lemieux-Dudon, Bénédicte; Toyé Mahamadou Kele, H; Veres, Daniel; Parrenin, Frédéric; Martinerie, Patricia; Ritz, Catherine; Capron, Emilie; Lipenkov, Vladimir Ya; Loutre, Marie-France; Raynaud, Dominique; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Svensson, Anders M; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Severi, Mirko; Blunier, Thomas; Leuenberger, Markus Christian; Fischer, Hubertus; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Chappellaz, Jérôme A; Wolff, Eric William (2013): An optimized multi-proxy, multi-site Antarctic ice and gas orbital chronology (AICC2012): 120-800 ka. Climate of the Past, 9(4), 1715-1731, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1715-2013
Bereiter, Bernhard; Lüthi, D; Siegrist, Hansruedi; Schüpbach, Simon; Stocker, Thomas F; Fischer, H (2012): Mode change of millennial CO2 variability during the last glacial cycle associated with a bipolar marine carbon seesaw. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(25), 9755-9760, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204069109
Lüthi, Dieter; Bereiter, Bernhard; Stauffer, Bernhard; Winkler, Renato; Schwander, Jakob; Kindler, Philippe; Leuenberger, Markus Christian; Kipfstuhl, Sepp; Capron, Emilie; Landais, Amaëlle; Fischer, Hubertus; Stocker, Thomas F (2010): CO2 and O-2/N-2 variations in and just below the bubble-clathrate transformation zone of Antarctic ice cores. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 297(1-2), 226-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.06.023
Schneider, Robert (2011): Quantifying past changes of the global carbon cycle based on d13C02 measurements in Antarctic ice cores [dissertation]. Faculty for Philosophical and Natural Science of the University of Bern; Department of Climate and Environmental Physics Physics Department, University of Bern, 231 pp, https://swisscovery.slsp.ch/discovery/search?query=lds02,contains,(IDSBB)006061992DSV01&tab=41SLSP_NETWORK&search_scope=DN_and_CI&vid=41SLSP_NETWORK:VU1_UNION
Veres, Daniel; Bazin, Lucie; Landais, Amaëlle; Toyé Mahamadou Kele, H; Lemieux-Dudon, Bénédicte; Parrenin, Frédéric; Martinerie, Patricia; Blayo, Eric; Blunier, Thomas; Capron, Emilie; Chappellaz, Jérôme A; Rasmussen, Sune Olander; Severi, Mirko; Svensson, Anders M; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Wolff, Eric William (2013): The Antarctic ice core chronology (AICC2012): an optimized multi-parameter and multi-site dating approach for the last 120 thousand years. Climate of the Past, 9(4), 1733-1748, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1733-2013
Project(s):
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA)
Talos Dome Ice Core (TALDICE)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00077: European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
Fourth Framework Programme (FP4), grant/award no. ENV4980702: European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 331615: Talos Dome Ice Core
Comment:
These data complement previously published d13CO2 datasets:
* Schmitt, J et al. (2012): Measurements of stable carbon isotope ratios of CO2 over the last 24000 years and CO2 concentration measurements on Antarctic ice cores using three different methods. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.772713.
* Schneider, R et al. (2013): A reconstruction of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable carbon isotopic composition from the penultimate glacial maximum to the glacial inception. doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.817041.
The CO2 concentration and stable isotope data were measured on the following three Antarctic ice cores covering the period from 149.4 - 1.5 kyr before 1950:
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C (EDC) (lat = -75.10, lon = 123.40)
EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) (lat = -75.00, lon = 0.07)
Talos Dome (lat = -72.82, lon = 159.18)
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
3 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Eggleston, S; Schmitt, J; Bereiter, B et al. (2016): 2) Compilation of carbon dioxide in the EDML and Talos Dome ice cores. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859179
  2. Eggleston, S; Schmitt, J; Bereiter, B et al. (2016): 1) δ¹³C-CO2 and d15N-N2 isotope ratios in EDC, EDML and Talos Dome ice cores measured by sublimation extraction. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859209
  3. Eggleston, S; Schmitt, J; Bereiter, B et al. (2016): 3) Monte Carlo average of stable carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 from three Antarctic ice cores, 155-0.6 ka BP. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.859180