Citation:

j.dsr.2016.02.010

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Abstract:

In this study, we obtained concentrations and abundance ratios of long-chain alkenones and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) in a one-year time-series of sinking particles collected with a sediment trap moored from December 2001 to November 2002 at 2200 m water depth south of Java in the eastern Indian Ocean. We investigate the seasonality of alkenone and GDGT fluxes as well as the potential habitat depth of the Thaumarchaeota producing the GDGTs entrained in sinking particles. The alkenone flux shows a pronounced seasonality and ranges from 1 µg m-**2 d**-1 to 35 µg m**-2 d**-1. The highest alkenone flux is observed in late September during the Southeast monsoon, coincident with high total organic carbon fluxes as well as high net primary productivity. Flux-weighted mean temperature for the high flux period using the alkenone-based sea-surface temperature (SST) index UK'37 is 26.7°C, which is similar to satellite-derived Southeast (SE) monsoon SST (26.4°C). The GDGT flux displays a weaker seasonality than that of the alkenones. It is elevated during the SE monsoon period compared to the Northwest (NW) monsoon and intermonsoon periods (approximately 2.5 times), which is probably related to seasonal variation of the abundance of Thaumarchaeota, or to enhanced export of GDGTs by aggregation with sinking phytoplankton detritus. Flux-weighted mean temperature inferred from the GDGT-based TEXH86 index is 26.2°C, which is 1.8 °C lower than mean annual (ma) SST but similar to SE monsoon SST. As the time series of TEXH86 temperature estimates, however, does not record a strong seasonal amplitude, we infer that TEXH86 reflects ma upper thermocline temperature at approximately 50 m water depth.

Project(s):

Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM)

Coverage:

Latitude: -8.291700 * Longitude: 108.033300

Date/Time Start: 2001-12-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2002-10-30T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, water: 2200 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 2200 m

Event(s):

JAM-2 * Latitude: -8.291700 * Longitude: 108.033300 * Elevation: -2200.0 m * Location: off south Java * Method/Device: Mooring (MOOR)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	Sample code/label	Sample label		Mollenhauer, Gesine
2	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Mollenhauer, Gesine	Geocode
3	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Mollenhauer, Gesine	Geocode
4	Duration, number of days	Duration	days	Mollenhauer, Gesine
5	Acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether	GDGT-0	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
6	Monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether	GDGT-1	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
7	Dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether	GDGT-2	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
8	Tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether	GDGT-3	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
9	Crenarchaeol	Cren	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
10	Crenarchaeol isomer	Cren iso	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
11	Tetramethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether Ia	brGDGT I	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
12	Pentamethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether IIa/a'	brGDGT II	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
13	Hexamethylated branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether IIIa/a'	brGDGT III	µg/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
14	Acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance	GDGT-0		Mollenhauer, Gesine
15	Monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance	GDGT-1		Mollenhauer, Gesine
16	Dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance	GDGT-2		Mollenhauer, Gesine
17	Tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance	GDGT-3		Mollenhauer, Gesine
18	Crenarchaeol, fractional abundance	Cren		Mollenhauer, Gesine
19	Crenarchaeol isomer, fractional abundance	Cren iso		Mollenhauer, Gesine
20	Tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms	TEX86		Mollenhauer, Gesine
21	Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index	BIT		Mollenhauer, Gesine
22	Alkenone, C37:3	C37:3	ng/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
23	Alkenone, C37:2	C37:2	ng/g	Mollenhauer, Gesine
24	Alkenone, unsaturation index UK'37	UK'37		Mollenhauer, Gesine

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

415 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Sample label	2 Depth water [m]	3 Date/Time	4 Duration [days]	5 GDGT-0 [µg/g]	6 GDGT-1 [µg/g]	7 GDGT-2 [µg/g]	8 GDGT-3 [µg/g]	9 Cren [µg/g]	10 Cren iso [µg/g]	11 brGDGT I [µg/g]	12 brGDGT II [µg/g]	13 brGDGT III [µg/g]	14 GDGT-0	15 GDGT-1	16 GDGT-2	17 GDGT-3	18 Cren	19 Cren iso	20 TEX86	21 BIT	22 C37:3 [ng/g]	23 C37:2 [ng/g]	24 UK'37
JAM2-01	2200	2001-12-17	16	2.195	0.907	1.203	0.204	6.228	0.459	0.216	0.054	0.000	0.20	0.08	0.11	0.02	0.56	0.04	0.67	0.04		1486
JAM2-02	2200	2001-12-30	16	1.304	0.538	0.682	0.132	3.736	0.296	0.169	0.048	0.013	0.20	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.56	0.04	0.67	0.06		1034
JAM2-03	2200	2002-01-15	16	1.205	0.469	0.610	0.098	3.097	0.230	0.155	0.038	0.018	0.21	0.08	0.11	0.02	0.54	0.04	0.67	0.06		1474
JAM2-04	2200	2002-01-31	16																			1752
JAM2-05	2200	2002-02-16	16	2.446	0.938	1.208	0.185	6.313	0.499	0.142	0.045	0.017	0.21	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.54	0.04	0.67	0.03		1155
JAM2-06	2200	2002-03-04	16	1.704	0.674	0.938	0.186	5.244	0.397	0.160	0.000	0.000	0.19	0.07	0.10	0.02	0.57	0.04	0.69	0.03		6670
JAM2-07	2200	2002-03-20	16	1.649	0.664	0.854	0.136	4.542	0.342	0.149	0.041	0.012	0.20	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.55	0.04	0.67	0.04		4796
JAM2-08	2200	2002-04-05	16	2.567	1.001	1.239	0.176	6.446	0.487	0.107	0.033	0.021	0.22	0.08	0.10	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.66	0.02		5519
JAM2-09	2200	2002-04-21	16	2.090	0.804	1.004	0.129	5.119	0.378	0.096	0.032	0.013	0.22	0.08	0.11	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.65	0.03		1531
JAM2-10	2200	2002-05-07	16	2.834	1.080	1.368	0.191	6.989	0.548	0.113	0.033	0.013	0.22	0.08	0.11	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.66	0.02		2963
JAM2-11	2200	2002-05-23	16	3.297	1.284	1.605	0.210	8.210	0.592	0.149	0.040	0.000	0.22	0.08	0.11	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.65	0.02		4445
JAM2-12	2200	2002-06-08	16	1.836	0.726	0.895	0.132	4.794	0.341	0.125	0.041	0.017	0.21	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.55	0.04	0.65	0.04		1484
JAM2-13	2200	2002-06-24	16	1.500	0.594	0.726	0.096	3.798	0.284	0.115	0.036	0.015	0.21	0.08	0.10	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.65	0.04		3271
JAM2-14	2200	2002-07-10	16	1.305	0.518	0.637	0.088	3.259	0.244	0.122	0.034	0.020	0.22	0.09	0.11	0.01	0.54	0.04	0.65	0.05		4225
JAM2-15	2200	2002-07-26	16	1.479	0.609	0.761	0.132	4.360	0.317	0.124	0.033	0.010	0.19	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.57	0.04	0.67	0.04		4240
JAM2-16	2200	2002-08-11	16	0.987	0.425	0.465	0.095	2.744	0.188	0.117	0.031	0.000	0.20	0.09	0.09	0.02	0.56	0.04	0.64	0.05	214	6009	0.97
JAM2-17	2200	2002-08-27	16	1.126	0.467	0.545	0.122	3.399	0.239	0.095	0.029	0.008	0.19	0.08	0.09	0.02	0.58	0.04	0.66	0.04	269	6470	0.96
JAM2-18	2200	2002-09-12	16	3.585	1.369	1.563	0.325	8.904	0.690	0.076	0.024	0.017	0.22	0.08	0.10	0.02	0.54	0.04	0.65	0.01	1436	21263	0.94
JAM2-19	2200	2002-09-28	16	3.332	1.288	1.467	0.269	7.985	0.670	0.064	0.026	0.017	0.22	0.09	0.10	0.02	0.53	0.04	0.65	0.01	921	14634	0.94
JAM2-20	2200	2002-10-14	16	2.836	1.055	1.199	0.234	6.728	0.571	0.066	0.014	0.010	0.22	0.08	0.09	0.02	0.53	0.05	0.66	0.01	952	12816	0.93
JAM2-21	2200	2002-10-30	16	3.078	1.108	1.261	0.199	6.725	0.543	0.096	0.028	0.011	0.24	0.09	0.10	0.02	0.52	0.04	0.64	0.02	954	10373	0.92